Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the MsC in Finance FINANCE DISSERTATION ON FACTORS IMPACTING ON ATTRACTING OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM, PERIOD OF 2018 - 2023 HA HOANG DAI ID No: 22080924 Intake 6 Supervisor: Assosiate Professor Ph. To Kim Ngoc September,2023 1 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET University of the West of England MSc in Finance and Investment Student ID: 22080924 Student Name: Ha Hoang Dai Module Code: UMADBL-45-M Module Name / Title: Proposal of Dissertation Centre / College: Banking Academy of Vietnam & University of the West of England Due Date: 10th – SEP - 2023 Hand in Date: 10th – SEP - 2023 1 Assignment Title: Factors impacting on attracting of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, period of 2018 - 2023 Students Signature: For University only MARK RECORD 1st feedback 2nd feedback 2 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FINANCE AND INVESTMENT UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND PROPOSAL OF DISSERTATION DISSERTATION PROPOSAL FORM Name: Ha Hoang Dai Student Number: 22080924 Programme of Study: Master Science in Finance and Investment Word Count: 22561 PROVISIONAL TITLE Factors impacting on attracting of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, period of 2018 - 2023 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES Research Objectives: Vietnam's Foreign direct investment Research questions: - First, what factors affect FDI and how strong and weak are each component? - Second, what is the solution for Vietnam to better attract FDI in the future? 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design Literature Review: Start with a comprehensive literature review to understand the existing theories and research related to FDI attraction in Vietnam. Analyze academic papers, government reports, industry publications, and international organizations' reports (e., World Bank, UNCTAD) to build a theoretical framework. Data Analysis Content Analysis: Analyze regulatory documents, policy changes, and government reports related to FDI policies and economic indicators.
Thematic Analysis: Use thematic analysis to categorize and interpret qualitative data from interviews and case studies. Identify recurring themes and patterns related to FDI attraction. Secondary Data Analysis Utilize secondary data sources, including government statistics (e., FDI inflow data, economic indicators), to assess trends and changes in FDI in Vietnam during the study period. Policy Analysis Evaluate the effectiveness of policies and reforms introduced by the Vietnamese government to attract FDI.
Assess their impact on FDI inflows and economic development. Comparative Analysis Compare Vietnam's FDI attractiveness with that of neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Highlight differences and similarities in FDI policies and outcomes. The research will also consider empirical evidence and case studies from other countries to provide valuable insights and lessons for Vietnam's FDI attraction efforts.
4 TABLE OF CONTENT DISSERTATION PROPOSAL FORM. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES. 4 TABLE OF CONTENT. 5 LIST OF TABLES.
7 LIST OF FIGURES .1 Reason for choosing the topic.2 Objectives of the research and research question. 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH FRAMEWORK .1 Main concept related to Foreign direct investment .1 Definition and Characteristics of foreign direct investment .2 Form of Foreign Direct Investment .1 Types of investment .2 Positive impact on the economy .3 Negative impact on the economy .3 Impact factors to attract foreign direct investment .4 Incentive Policies applied to attract FDI. Experience from some countries. 24 CHAPTER 3: IMPACT FACTORS AFFECTING TO VIET NAM FDI INFLOW IN THE PERIOD OF 2018 - 2203 .1 Overview of Vietnam's FDI .1 Volum of FDI inflow .2 Structure of FDI inflow .1 Analyse factors impact on FDI inflow to VN in the period of 2018 – 2023 .2 In context of the invested countries .3 Policies to attract FDI in Vietnam .3 Result and discuss .1 Current Issues in Attracting FDI.
70 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Investment incentives and outside industrial parks 27 Structure of foreign investment capital in the first 4 months of 2023 Table 2 34 and capital investment methods (billion USD) Table 3 FDI in Vietnam by the regions (including oil and gas) 38 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Realized foreign direct investment capital years 2018-2022 30 Figure 2 Nations and territories have invested the largest FDI in Vietnam 31 Realized foreign investment capital in the first 4 months of 2023 Figure 3 32 and the period 2018 – 2023 (Billion USD) Structure of sectors attracting foreign investment in the first 4 Figure 4 36 months of 2018 - 2023 Figure 5 Top 10 localities attracting the most FDI in 2022 37 Figure 6 Vietnam's GDP growth from 2018 – 2022 (percentage) 52 Figure 7 Figure 7. Vietnam's Inflation from 2018 – 2022 (percentage) 52 Figure 8 Top 5 largest foreign investors in Vietnam 2022 57 Foreign investment capital registered in Vietnam as of July 20, Figure 9 2019-2023 (Billion USD) 58 8 ABSTRACTS This dissertation presents a comprehensive exploration of the dynamics surrounding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Vietnam from 2018 to 2023. It investigates the multitude of factors that influence the country's ability to attract foreign investors during a period marked by significant economic transformation. Drawing from a wide array of authoritative sources, including academic literature, government reports, industry publications, and statistical databases, this study offers a robust foundation for its analysis.
The research is conducted with collaboration and support from several key organizations, including the Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, the World Bank, and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The initial phase of the dissertation involves a comprehensive literature review, establishing historical context and integrating relevant theoretical frameworks. This literature review includes works by prominent scholars in the field and insights from leading international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The methodology is designed meticulously, incorporating quantitative and qualitative analyses to provide a nuanced understanding of FDI trends in Vietnam.
Data sources include official government records, industry-specific reports, and surveys conducted in collaboration with the Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI). ADBThe study examines the current status of FDI in Vietnam during the specified period. It assesses FDI trends, including the sources of investment, preferred sectors, and the transformative impact of significant FDI projects. Data for this analysis is drawn from sources like the Foreign Investment Agency (FIA) and the Vietnamese General Statistics Office.
A substantial portion of the dissertation is dedicated to the in-depth exploration of the factors that shape FDI in Vietnam. This includes macroeconomic stability indicators, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure development plans, and the quality of the Vietnamese workforce. Real-world case studies, conducted with collaboration from prominent multinational corporations and industry associations such as the Vietnam Association of Foreign Investment Enterprises (VAFIE), provide essential insights. The study not only identifies challenges but also offers a strategic roadmap to enhance Vietnam's FDI attractiveness.
It incorporates policy recommendations that are informed by insights from organizations like the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Vietnam Economic Forum. 9 Through empirical analysis, critical discussion, and the participation of various organizations, this dissertation makes a significant contribution to our understanding of Vietnam's FDI landscape. It provides actionable recommendations for policymakers aiming to stimulate sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.1 Reason for choosing the topic In an era marked by increasing globalization and cross-border economic integration, Foreign Direct Investment stands as a pivotal driver of economic growth and development for nations around the world. FDI not only infuses much-needed capital but also ushers in technological advancements, fosters job creation, and enhances a country's competitiveness on the global stage.
For Vietnam, a nation with a rich history of economic transformation and a growing role in the Southeast Asian region, FDI has played a central role in its economic development journey. This dissertation embarks on a profound exploration of the factors that have shaped and continue to influence the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam. It hones in on the critical period spanning from 2018 to 2023 when Vietnam has experienced dynamic shifts in its economic landscape and positioned itself as an increasingly appealing destination for foreign investors. As Vietnam continues to evolve from a primarily agrarian economy into a modern, industrialized nation, the dynamics of FDI attraction have never been more critical.
Rationale for Choosing the Topic: The choice of this research topic is rooted in the undeniable significance of FDI in Vietnam's contemporary economic narrative. The period from 2018 to 2023 is particularly compelling due to several concurrent factors. Firstly, it encompasses a timeframe in which Vietnam has demonstrated remarkable economic resilience and growth, solidifying its position as one of the fastest-growing economies in Southeast Asia. Secondly, it marks a phase where Vietnam has actively sought to attract foreign investments, implementing various policy reforms and infrastructure development initiatives.
Lastly, the world itself has witnessed seismic shifts in global economic dynamics, including the evolving trade landscape and geopolitical tensions, which have direct implications for FDI. Therefore, I decided to study the attraction of foreign direct investment capital at this stage in order to best assess when there are economic fluctuations, and how this capital attraction will be affected. The thesis research of topic is "Factors impacting on attracting of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, period of 2018 – 2023".2 Objectives of the research and research question 1.1 Overall objective To Identify Key Factors: To identify and analyze the key factors that have influenced Foreign Direct Investment inflows in Vietnam during the period of 2018-2023, encompassing macroeconomic, regulatory, infrastructural, human capital, and geopolitical dimensions. 11 To Evaluate Current Status: To assess and evaluate the current status of FDI in Vietnam during the specified period, including trends, sources of investment, preferred sectors, and the transformative effects of significant FDI projects.
To Provide Policy Recommendations: To provide evidence-based policy recommendations to policymakers, business stakeholders, and international organizations on strategies to further enhance Vietnam's FDI attractiveness and contribute to sustainable economic growth.2 Main objective To Identify and Analyze Key Determinants: The primary objective of this research is to identify and comprehensively analyze the key determinants that have influenced Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Vietnam during the period of 2018-2023. These determinants encompass a wide spectrum, including macroeconomic factors, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure development, human capital, political stability, and market potential. To Assess the Current Status of FDI: Another main objective is to assess and provide an in-depth understanding of the current status of FDI in Vietnam throughout the specified timeframe. This includes examining FDI trends, sources of investment, preferred sectors, and the transformative impact of significant FDI projects.
To Offer Evidence-Based Policy Recommendations: The ultimate goal is to provide evidence-based policy recommendations to stakeholders, particularly policymakers, business entities, and international organizations. These recommendations will aim to inform strategic decisions and actions that can enhance Vietnam's FDI attractiveness and contribute to sustainable economic growth.3 Research question First, what factors affect FDI and how strong and weak are each component? Second, what is the solution for Vietnam to better attract FDI in the future? 1.4 Research scope Spatial scope: research paper on FDI flows throughout Vietnam Time range: extracted macroeconomic and FDI data from 2018 to 2023.5 Research Methods Literature Review: Start with a comprehensive literature review to understand the existing theories and research related to FDI attraction in Vietnam. Analyze academic papers, government reports, industry publications, and international organizations' reports (e., World Bank, UNCTAD) to build a theoretical framework. Data Analysis 12 Content Analysis: Analyze regulatory documents, policy changes, and government reports related to FDI policies and economic indicators.
Thematic Analysis: Use thematic analysis to categorize and interpret qualitative data from interviews and case studies. Identify recurring themes and patterns related to FDI attraction. Secondary Data Analysis Utilize secondary data sources, including government statistics (e., FDI inflow data, economic indicators), to assess trends and changes in FDI in Vietnam during the study period. Policy Analysis Evaluate the effectiveness of policies and reforms introduced by the Vietnamese government to attract FDI.
Assess their impact on FDI inflows and economic development.