I TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN LE THI HAI VAN MOT SO GIAI FhAp NANG CAO HIEU QUA • • BAU TU TRUC TiEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM A \ V ” _ ;UAN VAN THAC. SY KiNH TE HA N()I - 2003 BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH IE QUOC DAN ----------- ca ----------- LETHIHAIVAN MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUrC TIER NlfOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE PHAT TRIEN Hircrng dan khoa hoc: PGS. Pliani Van Van Ila Noi - 2003 LOl CAM ON Trong qua trinh hoc tap, nghien curu va lam luan van tot nghiep, toi da nhan dupe sir giup do tan tinh ciia tap the can bp, giang vien Khoa Sau dai hoc, Khoa Kinh te phat trien, Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan da tao didu kien, huerng ddn noi dung, bo sung kien thuc, cung cap thong tin can thiet; toi da dupe sir hudng dfln nhict tinh, sau sat cua giao vien hircing dan, PGS. Pham Van Van; toi cung xin chan thanh cam on Cue Dau tu nude ngoai, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu cung toan the dong nghiep da cho toi nhung kien thurc thuc tidn, nhung so lieu cap nhat va nhung y kien dong gop quy bau; toi cung chan thanh cam on gia dinh va ban be da luon tao dieu kien, giup do, dong vien toi hoan thanh Luan van nay.
Cho phep toi dupe gui den Quy Khoa, Quy Co quan, cac Thay, Co, cac dong nghiep, gia dinh cung ban be Idi cam on chan thanh va sau sac nhat. Day la mot dP tai kho, phuc tap, pham vi nghien cuu rong, co nhiPu mat, nhicu khfa canh trubc day toi chua co diPu kien tim hieu, nghien cuu nhung thong qua viec thuc hien de tai, toi da co dieu kien tap trung nghien cuu, lam sang to them va dieu do chac chan se giup cho toi co them nhung hieu biet trong cong tac va cuoc song thdi gian toi. Qua trinh nghien cuu, thuc hien de tai da gap khong ft kho khan nhung toi da co gang, vdi nd lire cao nhat cua ban than hoan thanh Luan van. Tuy nhien, do trinh do cung nhu nang lire co han, Luan van khong the tranh khoi nhung thieu sot, khiem khuyet va nhung han che nhat dinh.
Toi rat mong nhan dupe su gop y, giup do cua Quy Khoa, Quy Co quan, cac Thay, Co cung toan the dong nghiep, ban be de Luan van cua toi dupe hoan thien hon trong thdi gian toi. Kinh, Le Thi Hai Van -2- MUC ■ LUC ■ MUC LUC----------------------------------------------------------------------------- — 2 CAC DO THI-------------------------------------------------------------------- ——- 5 CAC BANG-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT------------ 7 Md DAU-------- ----- 8 1. Tfnh cap thiet cua de tai luan van--------------------------------- ----- — 8 2. Muc dfch nghien cun —-------------------- --------------------------------- 9 3.
Doi tuqng va pham vi nghien cun-------------------------------------------9 4. Phuong phap nghien cun------------ -----------------------------------------9 5. Nhung dong gop cua luan van------------ ------ ---------------- ------ — 10 6. Ket cau cua luan van--------------------------------------------------------- 10 CHUONG I:-------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------- 11 CO SC) LY LUAN VA PHUONG PHAP LUAN XAC DINH HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUOc NGOAI------------ --------------------------------- 11 1.
MOT SO VAN DE VE HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- —-11 1. Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai-------------- -------------------------------- 11 a) Khai niem--------------- --------------------------------------------- ------- 11 b) Dae diem cua ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai —----------------------- 12 c) Hinh thde cua FDI-------------------------------------------------------- 13 1. Hieu qua ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai----------------------------------- 14 a) Khai niem-------------------------------------------------- ----------------- 14 b) Phan loqi hieu qua —————————————————— 14 1. Cac nhan to anil hudng tdi hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI------------ 15 a) Cac nhan to anil hudng den chi phi---------------------------- ------ — 15 b) Cac nhan to' anil hudng den ket qua cua boat dong FDI----------- 16 1.
PHUONG PHAP LUAN XAC DINH HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI---------------------------------- -------------------------------- 19 1. Quan diem danh gia hieu qua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai---------19 a) Danh gid hieu qua FDI d tarn vi mo---------------- ------------------ 20 b) Danh gid hieu qua FDI mot each todn dien, tren cd khia canh kinh te va xa hoi------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 c.) Danh gid hieu qua FDI tren gidc do thuc day hoi nliap kinh tequd'c te —--------- ----------------- ----------- --------------- --------------------- 24 d) Danh gid hieu qua FDI tren cd hai mat hoat dong: thu hut va sit dung ———————————————————————————25 e) Danh gid hieu qua FDI mot each dinh luerng va dinh tfnh---------26 1. Mot so chi tieu danh gia hieu qua FDI.-------- ----------- 26 a) Cac chi tieu hieu qua ddu tu---------------- ---------- ----------------- 27 b) Cac chi tieu ket qua cua hoat dong FDI plian duh hieu qua------ 30 -3- 1. TOM TAT CH VONG I---------------------------------------------------------35 CHUONG II:-------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------------------------- 37 THUG TRANG HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUG TIEP NUOc NGOAI TAI VIET NAM THOl GIAN QUA---------------------------- ;------------------------ ;-------- 37 2.
TONG QUAN VE BOAT DONG DAU TU TRUG TIEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM-------------------------------------------------------------- 37 2. Tong quan ve dong von FDI tai Viet Nam---------------------------- 37 a) Giai doan tim hieu tlii truting vd link vifc dau tu chii yeu la tham do, khai thac dau khi (1988-1990) ————————————————37 b) Giai doan tang trudig theo chieu rong vd cac khodn dau tu quy mo Idi (1991-1997)---------------- ------------ --------------------------------------38 c) Giai doan kho khan sau killing hodng kinh tekhu vifc (1998-nay) 42 2. Dac diem cua dong FDI vao Viet Nam------------ -------- ------- — 44 a) FDI tap tiling vao cac nganh cong ngliiep, dac biet Id cong ngliiep diebien---------- -------- ---------------------------- --------------- -------------- 44 b) Doi tdc dau tu cliinh Id cac nude trong khu vifc-------------- —45 c) FDI tap tiling tai cac vimg co ccc sd ha tang thuqn Id------------- 47 d) Hinh tliicc 100% von nude ngoai co xu hudng gia tang------------- 48 2. THUG TRANG HIEU QUA DAU TU' TRUG TIEP NUOc NGOAI THOl GIAN QUA---------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 2.
Cac chi tieu hieu qua------------------------------------------------- ----- 50 a) He so gia tang von son litong (ICOR)---------------------------------- 50 b) Ty so gid tri xuat klidulvdn cua khu vice FDI------------------------ 54 c) Dau tic rong so vdi thu nlidp tic von —————————————56 d) Thu ngan sachlvon FDI--------------------------------------------------- 57 e) So viec lam/von FDI---------------- ---------- ---------------------------- 59 2. Cac chi tieu ket qua cua hoat dong FDI phan anh hieu qua--------63 a) Thue day tang fritting kinh te------------- ----- -------------------------- 63 b) Chuyen di ch cot can kinh te----------------------------------- ----------- 65 c) Cai tliien can can thanh loan quoc te------------------------------- — 67 d) Nang cao klid nd ng cd ng nglie---------------------------- --------- ----- 68 e) Nang cao chat luerng nguon nhan life————————————70 f) Thue day hoi nlidp khu vifc vd quoc te--------------------------------- 7\ g) Nang cao klid nd ng canli tranh ndi bo lien kinh te va nang life canh trailh quoc gia---------- ------------- —————------------------------- qq 2. DANH GIA HIEU QUA CUA HOAT DONG FDI--------------------- 73 2. Thanh cong va nguyen nhan thanh cong------------------------------73 a) Thdnh cong ——-------------------------------------------- 73 b) Nguyen nhan thanh cong------------------------------------------------- 75 2.
Han che va nguyen nhan han che------------- -78 a) Han die—————————————————————————78 b) Nguyen nhan cua nhung lian che---------------------------------------- 80 2. TOM TAT CHUONG II------------------------------------------------------- 97 -4- CHUONG III:--------------- ------- ------------------------------ -----------------------98 MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM----------------------------- -----------------------98 3. DINH HUdNG THU HUT VA SlT DUNG DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM —----- ----------- ------ ------------------------ 98 3. Co so dinh hirdng---------------------------------------------------------- 98 a) Boi cdnh quoc te----------------------------------------------------------- 98 b) Boi cdnh trong nude—---- —------- ---------------------------------- 99 3.
Muc ticu, dinh hirdng thu hut va sir dung FDI trong nhung nam toi - ___■---------- 1------------------------------- -------------------------------- 100 a) Muc tieu-------------------------------------------------- ?---------------- 100 b) Dinh hudng---------------------- 100 3. CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA FDI TAI VIET NAM----------------------- 101 3. Cac giai phap lam giam chi phi —----- 102 3. Cac giai phap nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI-----------------104 a) Nd ng cao chat ludng cong tac quy lioqch--------------------------- 104 b) Tiep tuc hoan thien lie thong luqt plidp, chinhsach FDI theo hudng pliii hdp vdi thong le va cam ket quoc te-------------- -------------------- 105 c) Hoan thien cd die phd'i hop giua cac cd quan quan ly nha nude trong boat dong FDI----------------------------------------------------------- 113 d) Doi mdi cong tac giam sat, kiem tra hoatdong FDI————— 115 e) Tiep tuc day manli edi each thu tuc lianli chinh-------------------- 116 3.
DIEU KIEN THUC HIEN GIAI PHAP---------------------------------- 117 3. Cai tao va nang cap co so ha tang------------------------------------ 117 3. Chu trong yeu to con ngirdi trong hoat dong FDI-------------------118 a) Con ngudi trong cong tac quan ly lioat dong FDI----------------- 118 b) Ngudi lam viec true tiep trong khu vuc FDI----------------------- 120 3. Cai tien cong tac to choc thirc thi luat phap, chinh sach----------- 120 3.
Cung co va hoan thien cong tac thong ke FDI-------------- 121 3. TOM TAT CHUONG III----------------------------------------------------- 122 KET LUAN------------------------------------------------------------ 124 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO------------ ------- --------------------- 126 PHU LUC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129 - 5 - CAC DO THI■ Do thi 2.1: Ddu tu true tiep nu'dc ngoai tai Viet Nam 37 Do thi 2.2: Quy mo binh quan mot du an qua cac giai doan--------------------- 40 Do thi 2.3: Tong von dang ky/tong von thuc hien----------------------------------41 DO thi 2.4: FD1 vao Viet Nam theo nganh------------------------------------------ 44 Do thi 2.5: FDI dang ky theo doi tac ddu tu---------------------------------------- 45 Do thi 2.6: FDI theo vung lanh tho----------------------------------------------------47 Do thi 2.7: Su van dong cua cac hinh thuc ddu tu------------- —-------- --------- 49 Do thi 2.8: Quy mo binh quan mot du an FDI theo hinhthuc ddu tu----------- 49 Do thi 2.9: FDI theo hinh thUc ddu tu---- ---------- 50 Do thi 2.10: Ty so gia tri xuat khau/von cua khu vuc FDI----------------------- 55 Do thi 2.11: Dong gop cua khu vuc FDI vao Ngan sach nha nude------------ 58 Do thi 2.12: Co cau lao dong cua khu vuc FDI nam 2002 theo nganh-------- 60 Do thi 2.13: Co cau lao dong nganh cong nghiep che bien nam 2002--------- 60 Do thi 2.14: Co cau lao dong truc tiep cua khu vuc FD1 theo doi tac--------- 62 Do thi 2.15: Co cau lao dong theo thanh phdn kinh te (nam 2000)------------ 62 Do thi 2.16: Dong gop cua FDI vao von ddu tu phat trien----------------------- 63 Do thi 2.17: Dong gop cua khu vuc FDI vao GDP---------------------------------63 Do thi 2.18: Tang trudng cong nghiep cua khu vuc FDI------------------------- 64 Do thi 2.19: Von FDI thuc hien theo linh vuc-------------------------------------- 65 Do thi 2.20: Chuyen dich co cau FDI------------------------------------------------ 66 Do thi 2.21: Chuyen dich co cau GDP-------------------------------------- ----- — 67 Do thi 2.22: Dao tao lao dong cua khu vuc FDI----------------------------------- 71 Do thi 2.23: Ty le doanh nghiep FDI su dung ddu vao trong nudc------------- 79 Do thi 2.24: Von FDI giai the va het han-------------------------------------------- 81 Do thi 2.25: So sanh chi phi dien nang giua cac thanh pho' ldn d Chau A -—84 Do thi 2.26: So sanh chi chi cho 3 phut dien thoai goi tdi Nhat Ban tu cac thanh pho' ldn cua Chau A------------------------------------------------------- 84 Do thi 2.27: So sanh luong cong nhan tai cac thanh pho ldn d Chau A------ 85 Do thi 2.28: So sanh muc chi phi cho su dung nguoi Viet Nam va ngudi nudc ngoai co cung mUc thu nhap rong--------------------------------------------- 85 -6- CAC BANG Bang 1.1: Mudi nhan to hang dau quyet dinh str lira chon dia ban dau tu---- 23 Bang 2.1: Toe do lang trudng GDP (%)--------------------------------------------- 39 Bang 2.