Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH: Các yếu tố hành vi ảnh hưởng quyết định đầu tư tại HOSE

Nghiên cứu các yếu tố hành vi ảnh hưởng đến quyết định đầu tư tại sàn chứng khoán TP.HCM, Việt Nam. Phân tích sâu sắc và thực tiễn.

Chuyên ngành

MBUS

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Master Thesis

2013

103
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Research background

1.2. Problem of statement

1.3. Research questions

1.4. Research scope

1.5. Research method

1.6. Significance of the research

1.7. Structure of the study

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Classical finance theory versus behavioral finance

2.2. Review some behavioral factors impacting on the process of investors’ decision making

2.3. Herd behavior: buying and selling decisions

2.4. Over and under-reaction. Suggested research model

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Adjusted research model

3.2. Scales measurement design

3.2.1. Scales measurement of Representative bias

3.2.2. Scales measurement of mental accounting bias

3.2.3. Scales measurement of gambler’s fallacy

3.2.4. Scales measurement of availability bias

3.2.5. Scales measurement of herd behavior

3.2.6. Scales measurement of over-underreaction

3.2.7. Scales measurement of investment decision

3.3. Data analysis approach

3.3.1. Test of scales measurement reliability

3.3.2. Exploration factor analysis (EFA)

4. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1. Factor analysis of behavioral variables influencing the individual investment decisions

4.2. Results of Cronbach’s alpha analysis of pilot survey (N=52)

4.3. Results of Cronbach’s alpha analysis of official survey (N=220)

4.4. Results of regression analysis

4.5. Test of assumptions

5. CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1. Implications of the study

5.2. Recommendations for individual investors at the HOSE

5.3. Limitations of the study

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ------------------------------- MASTER THESIS BEHAVIORAL FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTMENT DECISION- MAKING. THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH STOCK EXCHANGE (HOSE), VIETNAM. Student: Phung Thai Minh Trang Course: MBUS 2. Dinh Cong Khai Ho Chi Minh City, 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the valuable contribution of many people. I would like to take this opportunity to express my great gratitude for their understanding, encouragement, and support. First, I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to my thesis supervisor, Doctor Dinh Cong Khai, for his numerous valuable comments and suggestions. I am very fortunate to have his supervision and his continuous encouragement which has motivated me and gave me confidence to complete this research. In addition, I would like to thank all of the directors and lecturers of ISB for providing me a solid foundation of knowledge, which has been not only useful for this research work but also for my future development in my social life and my professional career. A special “thank you” to my classmates and friends for providing me with their honest and candid comments on my questionnaire as well as instant support regardless if day or night. All of this contributed to the succcess and the quality of the research. Furthermore, I want to express my appreciation to the managers and employees working at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange and various securities companies, who helped me arrange the interviews and helped in the distribution of the questionnaires. I am also thankful to the beneficiary investors who participated in the interviews and the survey. Finally, it would be impossible to say enough about my dear parents and husband for all of their understanding, encouragement, and advice which helped me to overcome the most difficult times in order to complete this research in time. Phung Thai Minh Trang Page: i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Although finance has been studied for a long time, behavioral finance, which encompasses human behaviors in finance, is a fairly new area. Behavioral finance theories, which are based on human psychology, attempt to understand how emotions and cognitive errors influence individual investors‟ behaviors (investors mentioned in this study are referred to as individual investors). The main objective of this study is the exploring of the behavioral factors influencing individual investors‟ decisions at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. Furthermore, it is related to relations between these factors and the results that they achieve. Since there are limited studies about behavioral finance in Vietnam, this study is expected to significantly contribute to the development of this type of research in Vietnam. The study begins with the existing theories in behavioral finance, based on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, these hypotheses are tested through the questionnaires distributed to individual investors at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. The collected data is then analyzed by using SPSS software. Questions of the interviews with some managers of the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange are conducted to achieve a deeper understanding of these behaviors. The results showed that there were three behavioral factors affecting the investment decisions of individual investors at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange including representativeness, gambler‟s fallacy and over-under reaction. Representativeness and over-under reaction had positive impacts on investors‟ investment decision making, whereas gambler‟s fallacy had negative impacts. Additionally, the behavioral factor of representativeness positively influenced the investment decision at the highest level. The results also presented that three behavioral factors did not affect investment decision including availability bias, Page: ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com mental accounting bias and herd behavior. In addition, the paper gave some implications of study such as preference of investors for buying blue chip stocks, midcap and penny stocks as well, avoiding buying stocks with poor performance in the recent past or useful lessons of stock fluctuation, etc. Moreover, the paper also gave recommendation for individual investors in using behavioral factors with an acceptable level in order to bring good investment results. Finally, it mentions limitation s, colclusion as well as further research. Page: iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ABBREVIATION. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……… .2 Problem of statement .6 Significance of the research.7 Structure of the study . 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Classical finance theory versus behavioral finance.2 Review some behavioral factors impacting on the process of investors’ decision making.4 Herd behavior: buying and selling decisions .6 Over and under-reaction. Suggested research model . 20 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .2 Adjusted research model .3 Scales measurement design .1 Scales measurement of Representative bias.2 Scales measurement of mental accounting bias . 27 Page: iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.3 Scales measurement of gambler‟s fallacy .4 Scales measurement of availability bias .5 Scales measurement of herd behavior .6 Scales measurement of over-underreaction .7 Scales measurement of investment decision .4 Data analysis approach.1 Test of scales measurement reliability .2 Exploration factor analysis (EFA) . 33 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS .2 Factor analysis of behavioral variables influencing the individual investment decisions .2 Results of Cronbach‟s alpha analysis of pilot survey (N=52).3 Results of Cronbach‟s alpha analysis of official survey (N=220) .1 Results of regression analysis .2 Test of assumptions. 46 CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION .1 Implications of the study .2 Recommendations for individual investors at the HOSE .3 Limitations of the study . 91 Page: v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The highest and lowest VN-index from 2000 to 2012.1: Summarizing results of researches of behavioral factors .1: Items of Representative .2: Items of mental accounting bias .3: Items of gambler‟s fallacy .4: Items of availability bias .5: Items of herd behavior .6: Items of over-underreaction .7: Items of investment decision .1: Idependent variables, dependent variables and items .2: Cronabach‟s alpha test of items (N=52).3: Cronbach‟s alpha test of items (N=220) .4: KMO and Bartlett‟s Test, total variance explained and rotated component matrix.5: Summary of KMO and Bartlett‟s Test, total variance explained and rotated component matrix.6: Rotated component matrix.7: summary of grouped items .8: Means, Standard Deviations, and Intercorrelations of RETURN and Predictor Variables .9: Simultaneous Multiple Regression Analysis Summary .10: Results of hypothesis test .2: Summarizing researchers studying behavioral factors that impacts investment decision making . 95 Page: vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATION EFA : Exploratory Factor Analysis HOSE : Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange HAS : Ha Noi Stock Exchange SPSS : Statistical Package for the Social Sciences VN-Index : Vietnam Index of Stock Price Page: vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Research background The Vietnamese stock market was established in 1998. It consists of the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange (HOSE) and the Ha Noi stock market (HAS). At the first stage, in 2000, the Vietnam stock market had only 2 listed companies and 4 security companies. However, after more than ten years, there are currently 682 member securities companies. These mark the development of the Vietnamese stock market in general and the HOSE specifically. Starting at 100 points in July 2000, after one year in operation in June, 2001, the VN-Index had increased fivefold and reached a peak at 571 points. Investors were overly excited and dreamed of earning quick money as demand rose significantly even though there were only a few listed stocks on the stock exchange. However, it was lack of knowledge and trading experience of investors as well as the insufficient support from the authorities that made the VN- Index to suddenly unceasingly fall until it reached the bottom at 139 points in March 2003 (Huy, 2010). Investors who joined the market during this period and who were not able to jump out quickly had to face severe financial difficulties due to the huge loss of assets. The stock market then seemed to go into a hibernative status until 2005 and finally “woke up” in 2006. The boom started in the second half of 2006 and the stock market rocketed up to 1170 points by March 2007. It fluctuated around the 1000 point mark until October, 2007. The Ho Chi Minh stock market had never been “hotter” than at that time. However, VN-Index went again into a decline stage after being pushed up to the peak. The Ho Chi Minh stock market experienced a gloomy year in 2008 and VN-Index only stopped decreasing in February 2009 at 245 points. Economic experts and analysis explained the sharp decline of the VN-Index that was affected by various factors such as the tightening of monetary policies, especially the 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com lending for stock investment, high deposit interest rates, high inflation rates, and a recession in the United States economy. Lack of timely intervention by the authorities was also a reason why VN-Index fell so dramatically (Vo and Pham, 2008, p. From 2009 to the first quarter of 2011, VN-Index continued to undergo many ups- and-downs: reaching another peak at 542 points in May 2010, another bottom at 351 points in November, 2010. However, it seemed to fluctuate around 400-500 points and no significant amplitude was found in 2012. Table 1: The highest and lowest VN-index from 2000 to 2012 Year Highest prices Lowest prices 2000-2005 571.2 Problem of statement During twelve years, the HOSE specifically and the Vietnamese Stock exchange in general went through many different stages. Its prices fluctuated, up and down, and it seemed to be difficult for investors to make sound investment decisions. Especially, with the boom of VN-Index 2007, the Vietnam Stock Market was negatively impacted by foreign newspapers. The Financial Times showed that the HOSE was a „too hot place‟ and overstated its value. The AMCHAM (The American Chamber of Commerce) declared that the Vietnam stock market‟s growth was impractical, just another case of a „bubble market‟. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) could not explain causes leading to this bubble market because EMH is referred to as “the notion that stocks already reflect all available information” (Bodie, Kane & Marcus, 2008, p. 359) and capital markets are informationally efficient (Fama, 1998, p 383 – 417). Meanwhile, behavioral finance assumes that, in some circumstances, financial markets are informationally inefficient (Ritter, 2003, p 429 – 437) and factors of behavioral finance could be considered in the situation of bubble market (Waweru et al, 2008, p. Behavioral finance can be helpful in the bubble market because it is based on the psychology to explain why people buy or sell stocks (Waweru et al. Behavioral factors include overconfidence, representativeness, availability, herding, loss aversion, regret aversion, gambler‟s fallacy, over-underreaction, etc (Ritter, 2003, p 437). Many researchers consider behavioral finance as a good theory to understand and explain feelings and cognitive errors affecting investment decision-making (Waweru et al. Supporters of behavioral finance believe that the study of social sciences such as psychology can help to reveal the behaviors of stock markets, market bubbles and crashes. As shown below: In Europe, Johnsson, Andrén, Lindblom & Platan (2002) reported results of behavioral factors of individual investor and institutional investors in Sweden that positively impact on their investment decision. It is accepted that 67% of the total amount of individual investors are influenced by the factor of loss aversion bias, 33% of the total number of investors are impacted by the factor of representative bias, 32% of total amount of investors are controlled by the factor of regret aversion bias, etc. Besides European countries, behavioral finance is also discovered in Asia. Chandra, Abhiject and Kumar, Ravinder (2011) research determinants of individual 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.

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