VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES D0. NGUYEN THI NAM AND/BUT/OR AS COHESIVE DEVICES NGLISH WRITTEN DISCOURSE - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS WITH VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS ANT IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING WRITING SKILL AT UTEHY (And/ButOr như các phương tiện Hên kết trong văn bán tiếng Anh — Phân tích doi chiếu với các yêu tổ tương dương trong tiếng Việt và ứng dụng trong việc đạy kỹ năng viết tại trường Đại học Sư phạm K$ thuật Hưng Yên) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 Tanoi, 2010 ba VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES D0. NGUYEN THI NAM AND/BUT/OR AS COHESIVE DEVICES NGLISH WRITTEN DISCOURSE - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS WITH VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS ANT IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING WRITING SKILL AT UTEHY (And/ButOr như các phương tiện Hên kết trong văn bán tiếng Anh — Phân tích doi chiếu với các yêu tổ tương dương trong tiếng Việt và ứng dụng trong việc đạy kỹ năng viết tại trường Đại học Sư phạm K$ thuật Hưng Yên) M.
MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60. Nguyén Tuy Ky Hanoi, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Table of cantents List oŸ tables.c co oenierrrree PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Objectives of the study => wre eB wwe \“. ân he Scopeof the study 5, Significanee of the stuổy.
6, Orgartization oŸhz siuẩy. PART B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: Literature Review. Discourse and ‘Text 1. Spoken and Written Discourse 1.
‘The Concept of Cohesion. Cohesion and Coheronee in Discourse 1.5, Cohssion and Disoourse Struetue. Conjunetions as Cohesive Devices. 12 Chapter 2: AND/BUT/OR as cohesive devices in English written discourse .20 For the data, I have chosen at random the sampies from several written discourse s and newspapers.
The data are also fiom many different grammar books. Firstly, the data are analyzed to identify discourse devices, their frequency of occurrence in English. Then the contrastive analysis between ANDYBUT/OR in English and their realizalions in Vietnamese are made. All of this will lead to the point of finding effective solutions to improve writing skill of students at Hung Yen University of Technology and Education (USEHY).
Seope of the study ‘The scope of this study, however, allows a very limited choice of one aspect of discourse arulysis, Gut is, cohesion in English. Within # limited lime and knowledge as well as shortage of reftrence materials, st is not the author’s ambition to investigate various types of cohesive devices but discuss only the three conjunctions AND/BU'T/OR — their performance as means of cohssion and their frequency of concurrence in English and in Vietnamese. AXD/BUT/OR will be discussed as cohesive devices within the sentence, in other words, between clauses ina sentence. In the last part, implications, this study is limited to the first-year English-major students at Department of English, UTIEILY and writing skill only.
Significances of the xiutly Theoretical significance: ‘his study contributes to verifying significance related to linguistic theories in discourse analysis by providing leamers of English with some theoretical hase and fimdamental background for clari ing the relationships that are linguistically encoded by virtue of conjmetions im general and AND/BUT/OR in particular, Practical significance: This study helps learners of English be oore aware of the role of AND/BUT/OR as cohesive devices in creating discourse, Thus, the study may help learners to avoid errors easily made by the negative interfarence of most non-native speakers, Furlhermors, this study can make a cerlain contribution to tcaching and learning English as a forcign language owing to some suggested cxercises in the last part. PART A: INTRODUCTION 1, Rationale of the study No one denies the imporlmwe of the English language in the present time as a global language because it has become more domunant around the world than any other languages. It is used as an official language in more than 44 countries and has played an important role in dealing with international relations especially in such ficlds as scicnee and technology, business, commerce and diplomacy. ‘These reasons motivate people all over the world lo learn Eaglish as a foreign language.
However, learning any foreign langnagos in goncral and English in particular is not easy, It is a lengthy and effbrttinl process to master English as a native speaker because of a variety of factors. Linguistic knowledge of Bnglish aceounts for learners' ability to comibine phonemes ina morphemes, morphemus inlo wards, and words into sơnlcneos That means, when people speak or write they have to convey a certain message by organizing their thoughts and ideas into strings of words to produce sentences, and then combine sentences together to create higher units of discourse. Bat how to eambine sentences to each other and to the rest of the context has been a big question for linguists. Communication is possible only when sentences which create discourse hang together so thal discourse has ils unity and (he product of our creation would make sense.
In other words, knowledge of cohesion and coherence is essential in discourse construction and necessary for successful communication. In discourse, cohesion has an interrelation with coherence; the former is a guide to and part of Ihe latter in bath spoken and written language. Awareness of coherence as a quality that makes a text conform to a consistent world picture, to experiences, culture, and convention and cohesive devices as the linguistic means by which clemants of a and conmecisd is vital for learners of Enigtish Up to:now, there have been many studies by various linguists on this aspect, Each discusses the issue ftom different angles. Thus, they give out different ways of classifying and naming cohesion In English, Quick (1972) primarily covers thrcc main factors of sentence connection.
‘The first is the implication in the semantic content. A reader normally For the data, I have chosen at random the sampies from several written discourse s and newspapers. The data are also fiom many different grammar books. Firstly, the data are analyzed to identify discourse devices, their frequency of occurrence in English.
Then the contrastive analysis between ANDYBUT/OR in English and their realizalions in Vietnamese are made. All of this will lead to the point of finding effective solutions to improve writing skill of students at Hung Yen University of Technology and Education (USEHY). Seope of the study ‘The scope of this study, however, allows a very limited choice of one aspect of discourse arulysis, Gut is, cohesion in English. Within # limited lime and knowledge as well as shortage of reftrence materials, st is not the author’s ambition to investigate various types of cohesive devices but discuss only the three conjunctions AND/BU'T/OR — their performance as means of cohssion and their frequency of concurrence in English and in Vietnamese.
AXD/BUT/OR will be discussed as cohesive devices within the sentence, in other words, between clauses ina sentence. In the last part, implications, this study is limited to the first-year English-major students at Department of English, UTIEILY and writing skill only. Significances of the xiutly Theoretical significance: ‘his study contributes to verifying significance related to linguistic theories in discourse analysis by providing leamers of English with some theoretical hase and fimdamental background for clari ing the relationships that are linguistically encoded by virtue of conjmetions im general and AND/BUT/OR in particular, Practical significance: This study helps learners of English be oore aware of the role of AND/BUT/OR as cohesive devices in creating discourse, Thus, the study may help learners to avoid errors easily made by the negative interfarence of most non-native speakers, Furlhermors, this study can make a cerlain contribution to tcaching and learning English as a forcign language owing to some suggested cxercises in the last part. PART A: INTRODUCTION 1, Rationale of the study No one denies the imporlmwe of the English language in the present time as a global language because it has become more domunant around the world than any other languages.
It is used as an official language in more than 44 countries and has played an important role in dealing with international relations especially in such ficlds as scicnee and technology, business, commerce and diplomacy. ‘These reasons motivate people all over the world lo learn Eaglish as a foreign language. However, learning any foreign langnagos in goncral and English in particular is not easy, It is a lengthy and effbrttinl process to master English as a native speaker because of a variety of factors. Linguistic knowledge of Bnglish aceounts for learners' ability to comibine phonemes ina morphemes, morphemus inlo wards, and words into sơnlcneos That means, when people speak or write they have to convey a certain message by organizing their thoughts and ideas into strings of words to produce sentences, and then combine sentences together to create higher units of discourse.
Bat how to eambine sentences to each other and to the rest of the context has been a big question for linguists. Communication is possible only when sentences which create discourse hang together so thal discourse has ils unity and (he product of our creation would make sense. In other words, knowledge of cohesion and coherence is essential in discourse construction and necessary for successful communication. In discourse, cohesion has an interrelation with coherence; the former is a guide to and part of Ihe latter in bath spoken and written language.
Awareness of coherence as a quality that makes a text conform to a consistent world picture, to experiences, culture, and convention and cohesive devices as the linguistic means by which clemants of a and conmecisd is vital for learners of Enigtish Up to:now, there have been many studies by various linguists on this aspect, Each discusses the issue ftom different angles. Thus, they give out different ways of classifying and naming cohesion In English, Quick (1972) primarily covers thrcc main factors of sentence connection. ‘The first is the implication in the semantic content. Organization of the study The sludy is divided into three parts, The first part is the introduction, ineluding rationals, objectives, methods.
scope, ances and organivation of the study The second part is the development, including, four chapters. Chapter 1: A presentation of some theoretical preliminaries needed for the study of coordinators AND/BUT/OR as cohesive deviecs in English wrillen discourse. Within the chapter, discourse will be studied to highlight the finction of conjunctions in creating discourse. ‘here is a better focus on conjunctions and cohesive devices.
Chapter 2: A detailed description of the (raz coordinators AND/BUT/OR as cohesive devices. Chapter 3: A comparative analysis between the coordinators AND/BUTVOR and Vietnamese equivalents in which Vietnamese is regarded as the compared language with English — the target onc. The purpose of the comparison is to identify the Viemamese linking system equivalent to the implications by AND/BUT/OR. Chapter 4: Some implications for teaching writing skill al UTEIY The final part is the conclusion.
This is to summarize the thesis by showing the achievement of the objectives of the study and the effectiveness of the methods used. Then the limitations of the sIudy are given. Some suggestions for further study are also inchided at the end to promise the continnance of the author’s future work. LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The Frequency of The uplieations of AND Table 2: The Frequency of The Implications of BUT Table 3: The Frequency of Ths Implications of OR Table 4: The Frequency of Th Implications of ANDYBUT/OR ‘Table 5: Vietnamese equivalents to AND denoting the examined implications ‘Table 6: Vietnamese equivalents to BUT denoting the examined implications Table 7: Vielnamese oquivalents lo OR denoting the examined implications Chapter 3: AND/BUT/OR in English written discourse in a contrastive analysts with Victnamese equivalents.
HAY/HOAC - - Chapter 4: Lmplications for teaching writing skIll at ULEHY 4.1, Suggestions (or teaching and matsriaks 4,2. Suggested types of exercises. The achicvernenl of the objectives of the study 36 2. The atiectiveness of the methods used.
Limitations of the study 37 4. Suggestions for further study 38 REFERENCES.