Nghiên cứu lựa chọn hãng hàng không nội địa tại Việt Nam bằng mô hình logit đa thức

Nghiên cứu lựa chọn hãng hàng không cho chuyến bay nội địa tại Việt Nam ứng dụng mô hình logit đa thức. Phân tích và kết quả chi tiết.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2016

90
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABBREVIATIONS

ABSTRACT

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Overview of airline industry

1.2. Airline industry in Vietnam

1.3. Research objectives

1.4. Research questions

1.5. Scope of the thesis

1.6. Structure of thesis

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Random Utility Model (RUM)

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM –THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AIRLINE CHOICE FOR DOMESTIC FLIGHTS IN VIETNAM: APPLICATION OF MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL BY TRAN PHUOC THO MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2016 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AIRLINE CHOICE FOR DOMESTIC FLIGHTS IN VIETNAM: APPLICATION OF MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRAN PHUOC THO Academic Supervisor: TRUONG DANG THUY HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2016 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude supervisor Dr. Truong Dang Thuy of the Vietnam – The Netherlands Programme (VNP) at Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics for his patience, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. He not only guided me to the right direction but also continuously supported in overcoming a lot of obstabcles in my research. Second, I would like to thank all of the respondents for spending their time to answer the questions in my survey. They contribute significantly in collecting data for my study. Without their participation, I am sure that the survey could not be conducted successfully. Finally, my sincere thanks also go to my family and my friends for encouraging me throughout two years of study as wel as throughout the process of researching and writing this thesis. Tran Phuoc Tho December, 2016 I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABBREVIATIONS RUM Random Utility Model SP Stataed Preference RP Revealed Preference VNA Vietnam Airline VJ Vietjet Air BL Jetstar Pacific LCC Low cost carrier II TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT In 2015, Vietnam witnessed the booming of airline industry. The participation of low cost carriers makes the airline market more and more competitive. Understanding the behavior of passengers is essential for any carriers to make their strategic policies. This study employs the multinomial logit model with the data of 122 respondents to investigate the impacts of characteristics of passengers as well as attributes of airlines on the airline choice. The characteristics of passengers include age, gender, marital status, education, and income whereas the attributes of airlines consist of price, number of flights of airlines, punctuality, comfort of seat space, and quality of check in service. A stated preference survey is conducted online from 16th to 23rd of October 2016 to collect the data of 122 respondents, who used to travel by air at least one time before. They are required to finish three tasks. The first task is providing their information, such as age, gender, marital status, education, and income. The second one is evaluating about the quality of services of the three airlines, including Vietnam Airline, Vietjet, and Jetstar. The final part is hypothetical scenarios of fifteen domestic routes given along with the prices of airlines for the respondents to choose one of the three airlines. Jetstar is chosen as the base outcome, the results of multinomial logit model suggest that characteristics of airlines have relationships with the ratios of probability of chosing Vietnam Airline or Vietjet over probability of chosing Jetstar, except for the satisfaction of customers about staff at the check in counter. When comparing one airline and the based airline (Jetstar), the attributes of the third airline is also necessary to be taken into consideration. In general, a good judgment of service of an airline makes the odds ratios of that airline and the base increased. In contrast, a good evaluation of the based carrier or of the other airline makes the odds ratios declined. Besides that, income has positive association with probability of choice Vietnam Airline and Vietjet but negative relation with Jetstar, holding other variables constantly. III TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . B TABLE OF CONTENTS:. IV LIST OF TABLES . VI LIST OF FIGURES . Overview of airline industry . Airline industry in Vietnam . Scope of the thesis . Structure of thesis . Random Utility Model (RUM) . Reveal Preference & Stated Preference survey . Stated preference method . Questionnaire and survey process . Attributes of airlines . 18 DATA & EMPIRICAL RESULTS. Attributes of airline . 37 IV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Effect of different routes . v V TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Summary of hypothetical scenarios in survey: . Attributes of airline: . Prices and numbers of flights by routes of carriers . Description of variables: . Social demographic characteristics . Estimation results of multinomial logit model . 32 VI TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3. The screen of the online survey . Airline Choice for Destinations. Frequency Of Income . Willingness to pay for routes. Check-In Service Evaluation . Cabin Crew Service Evaluation . Food & Drink Onboard Evaluation . Inflight Seat Space Evaluation . On-time Performance Evaluation . Schedules Delay Evaluation . Predicted probability of airline choice and income . Predicted probability of airline choice and age. 36 VII TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Overview of airline industry In 2015, the world’s aviation industry achieved the highest net profit in history, 33 billion dollars. It is nearly double when compared to a net profit of 17.4 billion dollars in 2014. Particularly, the aviation industry in Asia Pacific obtained net profit of more than 5. In addition, region of Asia Pacific accounted for 31% of global passengers, while Europe and North America is 30% and 26%, respectively. It is noted that low cost carrier has transported over 950 million passengers, approximately 28% of those who are scheduled passengers (IATA report, 2016). According to The International Air Transport Association (IATA), number of air travelers is forecasted to increase nearly double, from 3.8 billion in 2016 to 7. IATA also announces the five fastest growing markets that have the most additional passengers per year for over the next 20 years, including China, US, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam. In detail, Vietnam may have 112 million new passengers for a total of 150 million. Moreover, IATA also stated that Vietnam is one of the seven countries which have fastest growth in aviation industry. Besides that, Vietnam Government pays much attention to infrastructure which is one of the most critical components of air transport sector. Vietnam’s planning is to have 26 airports by 2020; particularly Long Thanh International Airport will be ready by 2020. Airline industry in Vietnam The Vietnam airline industry, which was administered by Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam, has witnessed rapid growth in 2015 compared to the figures in 2014. The whole market served 40.1 million of passengers and transported 771 thousand tons of cargo. In particular, transportation of domestic carriers is 31.1 million passengers, increased by 21%. This positive sign with the falling of crude oil price of 30% in 2015 are stimulus for airline carriers to continue reducing fares in order to meet the demand of transportation of passengers. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com It could be said that airline industry in Vietnam has a potential market due to many reasons. First, population of Vietnam is more than 90 million. Thus, demand of traveling is very high. Moreover, in the recent years, income of Vietnamese is increasing so that the demand of transit of people is also higher day by day. People have many options to choose means of transports not only faster but also safer. Although there are some disasters of airline in 2014 in the world, it seems that traveling by air is the safest way. According to IATA Safety Report, there were 12 fatal accidents in the total of 73 accidents, which caused to 641 fatalities on over the world in 2014. This is not a high proportion when comparing to about 33 billion passengers in 2014 (IATA Annual Review 2015). Moreover, air travel helps people save much time. For examples, it takes about two days to transit by train from Ho Chi Minh City to Ha Noi while only two hours by air. Finally, thanks to internet, e-commerce is more and more popular. People can stay at home, and buy tickets with the cheap price at the time of promotion of carriers. In 1956, the Government established the Vietnam Civil Aviation Department. At that time, there were only five aircrafts to serve some domestic flights. In 1993, Vietnam Airlines was set up as a national carrier. Until 1995, by gathering 20 aviation enterprises, Vietnam Airlines Corporation was born and the airline itself is the core business. Now, Vietnam Airlines is operating an extensive network of domestic and international services to Southeast and North Asia, Europe and Australia. In July 2016, ANA Holding Inc became a strategic shareholder after purchasing of an 8. Vietnam Airlines claimed that, under the restructure plan, it will keep on to divest the shareholding of state to 75%. Skytrax, organization of the leading airline and airport rating of the world, certified that Vietnam Airlines is a 4-star airline. Vietjet Air, an international low cost carrier, was the first privately owned airline in Vietnam. Although Vietjet Air was approved to operate in November 2007, it launched the first flight in December 2011, with only 3 aircrafts. Up to 2015, Vietjet had 29 aircrafts with 28 domestic routes and 12 international routes. As planning of Vietjet in 2016, it will have 42 aircrafts to meet the demand of travel and open more 3 domestic and 5 international fleets. Another airline is Jetstar Pacific Airlines JSC. This airline was founded in 1990 as Pacific Airlines and commenced operations in 1991 with charter cargo services under control of Vietnam Airlines Corporation. In 2005, it began to operate in passenger service. In 2007, Qantas Airway Limited bought a portion of Pacific Airlines’ shares and changed it as model of low cost 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. It officially became a part of Jetstar network in 2008, named Jetstar Pacific. In 2012, Vietnam Airlines purchased a 70% stake, so up to now Qantas is having only 30% stake in the company. Vietnam Air Services Company (VASCO) is one of a subsidiary of Vietnam Airlines Corporation. From 2004 to now, VASCO has transported passengers from Tan Son Nhat Airport to Southern airport such as Ca Mau, Con Dao, Rach Gia, Can Tho and many other routes. Besides of service flight, VASCO also plays a role as a multi functioning airline and providing maintenance service for private aircrafts. In summary, there are four domestic carriers are operating in Vietnam at present, including Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet, Jetstar, and VASCO. In the past, there were another two airlines used to operate: Indochina Airlines and Air Mekong. Due to difficulty in finances, Indochina Airlines claimed to stop all of the flights after one year in operation in 2009. Similarly, because of loss in business, Air Mekong had to halt commercial flights in 2013. Until January in 2015, it is officially revoked by The Ministry of Transport. There are many literatures about the theory of customer behavior and empirical studies about airline choice of passengers. The annual report of IATA (The International Air Transport Association) in 2015 shows the answers of the passengers with the question “What is the first reason for choosing an airline?” It is found that nonstop flight (15%) and lowest fare (14%) are the reasons why customers choose an airline while recommended by travel agent and in-flight service is just accounted for 4% and 3%, respectively. However, in Vietnam, airline industry has just been booming in the recent years so there are not many researches focus on this topic. Knowing the preference of passengers is necessary for both aviation firms and foreign investors.

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