1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ TỐ HOA TECHNIQUES TO TEACH ESP VOCABULARY EFFECTIVELY TO STUDENTS AT COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES, VNU (CÁC THỦ THUẬT GIÚP DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH HIỆU QUẢ CHO SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN, ĐHQGHN) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: English Methodology Code: 601410 Hanoi, 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ TỐ HOA TECHNIQUES TO TEACH ESP VOCABULARY EFFECTIVELY TO STUDENTS AT COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES, VNU (CÁC THỦ THUẬT GIÚP DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH HIỆU QUẢ CHO SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN, ĐHQGHN) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: English Methodology Code: 601410 SUPERVISOR: Dr. DƯƠNG THỊ NỤ Hanoi, 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Candidate’s statement i Acknowledgement ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv List of tables and figures vii PART 1 - INTRODUCTION 1 1. Rationale of the study 1 2. Aims of the study 2 3.
Method of research 2 5. Scope of the study 3 6. Design of the study 3 PART 2 - DEVELOPMENT 4 Chapter 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 4 1.Definition of vocabulary 4 1.Classification of vocabulary 4 1. Vocabulary classified according to the Concept of Morpheme 4 1.
Vocabulary classified according to Meaning 5 1. Vocabulary classified according to Functions 5 1. Vocabulary classified according to Frequency of Use 5 1. Other classifications of Vocabulary 5 1.The importance of vocabulary in language teaching and learning 6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Principles of vocabulary teaching 6 1.
Criteria for selecting vocabulary 6 1. What needs to be taught as for a new word? 7 1.Techniques in vocabulary teaching currently used 9 1. Techniques in presenting vocabulary 9 1. Techniques in practising and consolidating vocabulary 11 1.Vocabulary in ESP teaching and learning 13 1.
What is ESP? 13 1. The roles of ESP teachers 14 1. The roles of ESP students 16 1. Linguistic features of vocabulary in Meteorology, Hydrology and Oceanography 17 Chapter 2: AN OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING CONTEXT AT COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES 19 2.The English teaching and learning situation at College of Natural Sciences 19 2.The target students and their background 20 2.The teachers of English at College of Natural Sciences and their methods of teaching 20 2.Materials and facilities 21 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 8 Chapter 3: THE STUDY 23 3.
Data collection instruments 23 3. Semi-structured interviews 24 3. Data analysis of the survey questionnaires 24 3. Data analysis of the semi-structured interviews 36 3.Findings and discussions 36 3.
Materials and equipment 37 Chapter 4: SOME SUGGESTIONS 38 4. Suggestions for Teachers 38 4. Suggestions for Students 39 4. Suggestions for Materials development 40 PART 3 - CONCLUSION 42 1.
Review of the study 42 2. Limitations and suggestions for further study 43 REFERENCES I APPENDICES III TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 9 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables: Table 1: Students‟ ways of learning ESP vocabulary Table 2: Vocabulary selection for teaching Table 3: Evaluation of ESP vocabulary teaching techniques Table 4: Difficulties relating to ESP vocabulary teaching List of figures: Figure 1: Teachers‟ and student‟s opinions about the role of vocabulary Figure 2: Skill that students find the most difficult due to the lack of vocabulary Figure 3: Purposes of teaching and learning ESP Figure 4: Students‟ solutions when meeting a new word Figure 5: Teachers‟ decision on when to teach vocabulary Figure 6: Word aspect to teach Figure 7: Word aspect that students find the most difficult Figure 8: Teachers‟ opinions about further training on specialized knowledge TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 10 PART 1 - INTRODUCTION 7. Rationale of the Study English learning has been popular in Vietnam in the last few decades and has become a burgeoning need when our country fosters its international relations. Every day an increasing number of Vietnamese people learn and use English for a variety of purposes.
More and more Vietnamese people are aware of the significant role that English plays in almost every field of our life such as: economy, technology, science, education, etc. Therefore, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has received a great deal of attention. An ESP teacher may wish to provide teaching materials that will fit the specific subject area of particular learners. In Vietnam, such materials may not be available commercially.
As a result, there has been an established tradition of ESP teachers preparing self-made materials. These are written by the teachers of a particular institution for the students at that institution. This is often difficult for teachers because of their limited knowledge in the specific area and little training in materials writing (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987). In Vietnam, English seems to be learnt and taught in a non-English environment, so reading is an important means to acquire knowledge in ESP, and also a means for further study.
In other words, learners “read to learn” (Burn, 1988:11). This is true for the students at College of Natural Sciences where learners are future scientists. They learn English in order to be able to handle subject-related written materials in English and work with modern scientific and technical equipment. So ESP materials used at College of Natural Sciences now are often reading materials covering topics in the specific area.
Therefore, if one wants to understand ESP materials, he needs to learn ESP vocabulary. It is undeniable that vocabulary may be the most important part for language learners (Altman, 1990; Gass and Selinker, 2001). Not until recently vocabulary teaching and learning have regained focus of research and been proved to be beneficial to both first and second language learning (Coady & Huckin, 1997). The central role of vocabulary and lexis in ESP is also confirmed by many other authors.
Robinson (1991:4) states that “It may often be thought that a characteristic, or even a critical feature, of ESP is that a course should involve specialist language (especially terminology) and content”. One of the major aims of ESP courses at College of Natural Sciences is to obtain basic ESP vocabulary. Therefore, vocabulary learning is the focal point in an ESP course. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 11 However, vocabulary teaching and learning has always been a huge problem for both teachers and students.
The course designed aims to achieve a lot of goals such as improving reading proficiency, grammar structures, vocabulary, and knowledge about the subject… in limited time. This would be so ambitious. Students have too may new words to learn but too title time or even no time for memorizing or recycling and little feedback to check students‟ retention is returned. As a result, students enter a cycle of cramming: memorizing the words quickly then forgetting them quickly.
Due to all the above reasons, it is necessary to find out the difficulties in ESP vocabulary teaching and learning at College of Natural Sciences as well as to suggest some feasible techniques to teach ESP vocabulary effectively. Aims of the Study First of all, my research will study the current situations of the teaching and learning ESP vocabulary at College of Natural Sciences with second-year non-English-major students. Secondly, this paper will make an attempt to find out the main problems and reasons for less effective ESP vocabulary teaching and learning methods. Finally, my study hopes to suggest some feasible solutions to help teachers and learners have effective ESP vocabulary teaching and learning methods.
Research Questions With the aims above, the research is carried out with an attempt to find out the answers to the following questions: 1. What are learners‟ ESP vocabulary learning methods and strategies? 2. What are teachers‟ ESP vocabulary teaching methods and strategies? 3. What tasks and activities should be used to help learners learn ESP vocabulary effectively? 10.
Method of Research In this research, an extensive review of literature is conducted in order to examine vocabulary‟s role in language teaching and learning, researching on vocabulary teaching and learning methods and their influences on vocabulary teaching and learning, especially ESP vocabulary. The main method in this research is survey research in which questionnaires for both teachers and learners are conducted to find out teachers‟ ESP vocabulary teaching methods and strategies and learners‟ ESP vocabulary learning method and strategies. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 12 Besides, the research is also based on semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are carried out to get better insight into the research questions and clarify teachers‟ and learners‟ ideas.
Scope of the Study The study is narrowed to the area of teaching and learning ESP vocabulary for second-year non-major students at Faculty of Meteorology, Hydrology and Oceanography, College of Natural Sciences, Vietnam National University (VNU). Specifically, this thesis deals with the current situation of English teaching and learning here, investigating into teachers‟ as well as learners‟ vocabulary teaching - learning methods and strategies in order to find out which methods and strategies are favoured most so that interferences would be introduced. Design of the Study The study is divided into three parts: The first part is “Introduction” including the rationale, the aims of the study, research questions, research method, scope of the study, and design of the study. The second part “Development” consists of three chapters: Chapter one provides a thorough literature review relevant to the study.
It is concerned with such issues as vocabulary (definition, classification, roles), principles and techniques of vocabulary teaching, vocabulary in ESP teaching and learning as well as some linguistic features of vocabulary in Meteorology, Hydrology and Oceanography. Chapter two deals with the investigation into the current situation of teaching and learning ESP vocabulary for second-year non-major students at College of Natural Sciences. In this chapter, students‟ profile and their ESP vocabulary learning methods and strategies as well as teachers‟ ESP vocabulary teaching methods and strategies are investigated. Besides, this chapter also provides some information relating to materials and facilities at the college.
Chapter three talks about subjects and instruments of the study, which is the way to collect data. In this chapter, findings and discussions on the study are also presented. Chapter four offers some suggestions for the effective ESP vocabulary teaching and learning at the college. The last part of the study “Conclusion” summarizes the issues mentioned, presents the limitations of the study and recommends some suggestions for further study.
TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 13 PART 2 - DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.Definition of vocabulary In his book “Myths about teaching and learning second language vocabulary: what recent research says” (2004), Folse states that “learning a language entails learning numerous aspects about that language, including its pronunciation, writing system, syntax, pragmatics…, but the most important aspect is vocabulary”. It is undeniable that learning a language definitely includes learning vocabulary. So far vocabulary has been defined in a variety of ways. According to Ur (1960), vocabulary can be “the words we teach in the foreign language”.
In her opinion, “a new item of vocabulary may be more than a single word, a compound of two or three words and multi-word idioms”. Vocabulary may also be defined as “the sum of words used by, understood by, or at the command of a particular person or group” (The American Heritage Dictionary). In another way, vocabulary “. may be individual words, or full sentences - institutionalized utterances - that convey for social or pragmatic meaning within a given community” (Michael Lewis (1993:89)).
To sum up, vocabulary can be roughly understood as the total number of all the words that a language possesses, including a single word, two or three- word items expressing a single idea and multi-word idioms of which meaning cannot be deduced from the analysis of the component words but only understood in the sentences, or in certain contexts.