THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY JERZYNE ANNE ABRERA CORPUZ SEED HEALTH TESTING OF SELECTED FOREST TREE SEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL USING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AND CAPSICUM EXTRACT SOAP SOLUTION BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Environmental Science and Major: Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Batch: 2015 – 2018 Type: On- The Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 25/09/2018 h DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Jerzyne Anne A. Corpuz Student ID DTN1454290095 Seed Health Testing of Selected Forest Tree Seeds and Their Thesis Title Control Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Capsicum Extract Soap Supervisor(s) Marcelina V.) &Ly Thi Duong (M.) Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: Seed must be genetically and physically pure, has high vigor and high germination But what if seeds are contaminated by seed borne pathogens. Seed borne pathogens can cause infection that leads to reduction of germination plant growth /height. That is the reduction of crop productivity both terms in quality and quantity.
Seed health testing is a procedure by which one can determine whether the seeds are healthy or has pathogen infection or microbial contamination. Sodium Hypochlorite (50 ml from 15 % NaOCl 5 with 50 ml distilled water) and Capsicum Extract Solution (CESS, extract from 25 pcs. Capsicum: 1 L Distilled water) was applied to treat the fungus infected/ contaminated seed/ separately per test species. The result of this study showed that Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Capsicum Extract Soap Solution (CESS) is effective in reducing the fungal infection on the forest tree seeds.
However in terms of the Molave seeds there is no significant effect on reducing the fungal infection.There is a possibility that the level of concentration of the two treatments need to be increased. But still the seed borne pathogen of Molave seed was slightly reduce some fungi species based on the results. i h Keywords: Seed health testing, fungal infection, Sodium Hypochlorite, Capsicum Extract soap solution, seed borne pathogens 86 Number of Pages Date of Submission September 15 , 2018 ii h ACKNOWLEDGMENT “The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusts in him, and he helps me.” — Psalm 28:7 I would like to thanks of gratitude to my Adviser Marcelina Pacho who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (Seed health Testing of Selected Forestry Seed and their Control Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Capsicum Extract Soap Solution) of Ecosystem Research Development Bureau (ERDB) as well as Mrs. Ly Thi Duong which also help me to improve my research topic and I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents “Daddy” Virgilio and Ledivina and loving brothers “Kuyas” Jefferson and Jay Mark, to my Aunt Evangelina. I wouldn’t be able to achieve this success without your financial support, love and guidance. To all friends, Especially Hannah Ayson, Nicole de Castro, Alexis Alcantara, Mark Glodo, Angelika Aragones, Ghia Sarmiento, Colleene Lanzador, Mishel Ranada, Kenneth Kua and ERDB family for the ideas, support and modivation. To the Advance Education Program Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for providing the opportunity of study abroad and grateful to the Ecosystem Research Development Bureau (ERDB) for accepting me to conduct my thesis/ OJT and whose made all the laboratory experiment possible without further expenses.To batch, K46-A AEP, for sharing knowledge and crazy memories along the journey in Vietnam.
iii h Dear God from the bottom of my heart I want to thank you for being with me all the way Jerzyne Anne A. Corpuz iv h TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures. 1 List of Tables. 2 List of Abbreviations .Content of Work .Profile of the Cooperating Agency.
ERDB Main Office Function. ERDB Research Centers Function. ERDB’S Research, Development and Extension Program .Description of the Activity. 11 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .Seed Borne Fungi of Some Forest and Their Control .Impact of Seed Mycoflora and Forest Seed on See Quality anf Their Management.
STATUS OF THE CONSIDERED ISSUE AT THE TRAINING AGENCY. Time and Place. Statement of the Problem. Scope and Limitation.
Four selected forestry seeds species. Hot air oven. De- natured Alcohol and Alcohol lamp. Glass slides and Glass cover.
58 vii h LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Research Approach. 26 Figure 2: Research Design. 27 1 h LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Timeline of Working Days of On-The-Job Training. 12 Table 2: List of Seedborne Pathogens/Contaminants.
28 Table 3: Percentage of infection of Fungi on four slected forestry Seeds and Effect of Pre-treatment. 29 Table 4: Percentage of Bacteria of Four Selected Forestry Seeds with Pre- treatment Using NaOCl and CESS. 31 Table 5: Percentage of As. flavus of four selected Forestry Seeds and effect of Pre-treatment Using NaOCl andd CESS.
33 Table 6: Percentage of Verticilium sp on Four Seleceted Forestry Seeds and Effect of Pre-treatment Using NaOCl and CESS. 35 Table 7: Percentage of Fusarium ssp. on Four Selected Forestry Seeds andEffect of Pre-treatment Using NaOCl and CESS. 37 Table 8: Percentage of As.
niger on Four Selected Forestry Seeds and Effect of Pre-treatment Using NaOCl and CESS. 39 Table 9: Percentage of Chaetonium sp on Four Selected Forestry Seeds and Effect of Pre-treatment Using NaOCl and CESS. 41 Table 10: Percentage of Germiantion Rate of Four Selected Forestry Seeds as Affected by NaOCl and CESS. 43 2 h LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ATISC Alberta Tree Improvement and Seed Center BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CESS Capsicum Extract Soap Solution DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources ENR Environment and Natural Resources ENR-RDE-PAPs Environment and Natural Resources-Research, Development and Extension Program/ Activities/ Project EO Executive Order ERDB Ecosystem Research Development Bureau FORI Forest Research Institute MC Moisture Content NaOCl Sodium Hypochlorite NGP National Greening Program PQPM Production of Quality Planting Materials OB Official Business OJT On the Job Training PDA Potato Dextrose Agar PSI Per square inch SHT Seed Health Test ISTA International Seed Testing Association UPLB-CFNR University of the Philippines at Los Banos, College of Forestry and Natural Resources 3 h SAS Statistical Analysis System SPAs Seed Produce Areas 4 h CHAPTER I.
Rationale Seed is the fertilized- ripened ovule of a flowering plants containing an embryo and capable normally of germination that produce new plant. To produce or reproduce new and healthy plants, seeds must be genetically and physically pure, with high vigor and germination potential right moisture content and free from pest and diseases. Seed contamination and seed-borne pathogens can cause infection that leads to reduction of plant growth /height. This means, loss in the productivity both in terms of quantity and quality of the plant.
Seed health testing is a procedure used to determine whether the seed is healthy or diseased. Moreover it is also procedure used to detect the presence of absence of seed borne pathogens in a seed lot. Seed health test concerns the overall condition of the seed such as the germination capacity of the seeds, the diseases tolerance level or seed standard. Seed technology takes care of asserting the fitness of seed in respect of its genetic nutritive value, high yield of quality production and good health.
Seed health test (SHT) is a procedure to detect seed borne pathogens ,insect/pest and or other contaminants that came from the mother tree during harvesting, drying and storage. These pest (insect & microorganism) effect can be the reduction of plant germination, i. poor seedling growth or stunting. A number of methods was set by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) and these are useful whether for both agricultural or forestry seed species found on tropical or temperate conditions.
5 h Therefore the objective of this study is to know the health status of the selected forest tree seed species and to disinfect the seed or eliminate microorganisms on the seed with the use of Sodium hypochlorite and Capsicum extract soap solution. This can help to reduce the microorganisms infecting the seeds and increase the quantity and quality of the crop production and germination capacity of the seeds.instead of fungicides disinfectants were used. Lesser chemical affect both user and environment was priorities (Sauer& Burroughs, 1986). General To determine the different types of seed pathogen of four (4) selected forestry seed species and their control/ fungus contamination reduction using Sodium hypochlorite and Capsicum Extract Soap Solution.
Specific To determine the microorganism associated with four (4) forestry seed species through seed health test/ blotter method. To determine different types of fungal pathogens and/or storage fungi that cause seed rots on or in the test seed species To determine the effects of seed pre-treatment on the selected four (4) forestry species. To know the level of effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite and Capsicum Extract Soap Solution. Content of Work Petri dish sterilization in hot air oven at 80 degree Celsius for 2 hours.
Distilled water sterilization and filter paper sterilization in automatic autoclave at 212 degree Celsius, 120 Pressure per square inch (psi) for one (1) hour. Prepare Capsicum Extract Soap Solution using 25 pieces hot chili sieved in gauze, mixed with on teas spoon liquid soap 1 L distilled water; and steam sterilized at 212 degree Celsius 120 psi for one hour. Prepare four (4) kinds of forestry seeds that will be tested; Plant the seed onto Petri dish with three layers of filter paper that can hold 5ml distilled water. Incubate the plated seeds under height (12 inches space between) day light tubes.
Petri dish for 7- 10 days under alternating light (12 hours) and 12 hours of darkness. Examined the seed with the naked eyes 7 days after incubation, first under binocular microscope (10-4-x magnification). Those with microbial growth were further examined under the compound microscope 100 to 400 x magnifications with high magnification, some fungi producing spores were identified/ suspected up to species level. Other data collected were bacterial contamination and rate of seed germination.
Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Report was then prepared. Profile of the Cooperating Agency The Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau (ERDB) is the principle research arm of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR). Its R&D and extension activities are focused on the five major ecosystem of the Philippines which include forest, upland farms, grassland and degraded area coastal zone and fresh water and urban area.
The ERDB was created June 1987 under Executive Order (EO) 192 that merged the function of the former Forest Research Institute (FORI) and the National Mangrove Committee. It’s headquarter is located at the university of the Philippines Los Banos, College of Forestry and Natural Resources (UPLB- CFNR) campus in the municipal of Los Banos, Province of Laguna, Philippines about 65 kms south of Manila. Vision Relevant research, development and extension toward a healthy environment and sustainable natural resources for improved quality of life 1. Mission To provide appropriate technology and information though research, development and extension toward the enhanced productivity and sustainability of natural resources and protection of the environment for the improvement of quality of life of the Filipinos.
ERDB Main Office Function Formulate, implements, coordinates and evaluated integrated research, development and extension agenda/ programs on Environment and Natural 8 h Resources (ENR) and other related cross-cutting concern to address the need of the various sector in support of the thrusts and program of the Department. Conduct basic research and develop standard, protocol and science- based technologies to address the need of the different DENR Bureaus, end-user and stakeholder. Provide technical assistance by developing and maintaining network and linkages with DENR Bureaus and office, local, and international institution, other stakeholder and civil society; and Perform other functions that may be assigned by higher authorities.