1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ THU HIỀN INVESTIGATING DIFFICULTIES IN VOCABULARY LEARNING OF ETHNIC MINORITY LEARNERS AT SON LA ETHNIC BOARDING HIGH SCHOOL AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUSIONS (Khó khăn trong việc học từ vựng của học sinh dân tộc thiểu số ở trường PTDT nội trú Sơn La và 1 số giải pháp khắc phục) M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Hanoi - 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ THU HIỀN INVESTIGATING DIFFICULTIES IN VOCABULARY LEARNING OF ETHNIC MINORITY LEARNERS AT SON LA ETHNIC BOARDING HIGH SCHOOL AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUSIONS (Khó khăn trong việc học từ vựng của học sinh dân tộc thiểu số ở trường PTDT nội trú Sơn La và 1 số giải pháp khắc phục) M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Supervisor: KIM VĂN TẤT, M.A Hanoi - 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATIONS. iii PART A: INTRODUCTION.
Aims of the study. Scope of the Study. 9 4 Methods of the Study. Design of the study.
12 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. General knowledge of English Vocabulary. What is vocabulary?. Classification of vocabulary.
In term of the concept of morpheme. In term of the meaning. In term of the function of vocabulary items in a sentence. In term of the sequence of use .In term of the use of word.
The role of vocabulary in language teaching and learning. Factors affecting vocabulary acquisition. Methods in vocabulary teaching. The Grammar- Translation Method.
The Direct Method. The Audio-lingual method. The Silent Way. Total Physical Response (TPR).
The Communicative Approach (Communicative Language Teaching – CLT). 19 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Teaching and learning vocabulary through communicative activities. Characteristics of communicative activities.
Characteristics of vocabulary communicative activities. Vocabulary teaching techniques in combination with communicative activities. Subject of the study. the students’ background and learning condition.
The students’ Vietnamese language competence. 26 CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Results and discussions from the questionnaires. Results and discussion from the interview.
31 CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND SOME SOLUTIONS FOR BETTER LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS IN SON LA ETHNIC BOARDING HIGH SCHOOL. Lack of general knowledge. Lack of Motivation. Deficiency of Vietnamese .4 Lack of Time.
Lack of an appropriate syllabus for ethnic minority students. Lack of communicative environment. Difficulties caused by the English differences between the written and spoken form. 34 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.
Difficulties caused by other factors. Grammar-based examinations. Using word guessing game. Using Semantic Mapping.
Guessing word in context. Organizing English speaking clubs. Guiding students’ home revision. Better current situations.
Providing teachers with more professional support. Improving the students’ Vietnamese competence. Raising the students’ general knowledge. Educating ethnic minority teachers to teach English for students in their communities.
Improving learning, teaching conditions at school. Limitations of the study. Suggestion for further study. 50 APPENDIXS TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 9 PART A: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale Viet Nam is a country with 54 ethnic groups namely: Kinh, Tay, Thai, Muong, Dao, H‘mong, Khmu, Khme, etc. In the past, all of these ethnic groups took part in protecting and saving the nation together and now they are contributing their time and efforts to the nation construction. However, in some parts of the country where these ethnic minorities‘ living , the standard of the living is still below the normal level. In order to help them improve their living conditions a lot of things in education and economy are needed.
Son la is a small, remote and mountainous province with many ethnic groups so Son la Ethnic Boarding High School is established to cater for the education of their children. At this school, each ethnic group has its own language, but they have to use Vietnamese in teaching and learning. That is why when they learn English, it is really their second foreign language. Surely, you can imagine the difficulties the pupils have with this language.
In addition, I find out that my pupils are not successful learners, only because they lack vocabulary. In fact they are provided with almost every word necessary for their communication inside and outside the classroom, but many of my pupils complain that they that forget most of learned words only a few day later. This proves that problems in learning vocabulary are undeniable. For better vocabulary teaching and learning, I have chosen Investigating difficulties in vocabulary learning of ethnic minority learners at Son La Ethnic Boarding high school and some suggested solutions as the subject matter of the study.
Aims of the study - To identify the typical difficulties in learning vocabulary for ethnic minority students at Son La Ethnic Boarding high school. - To suggested some solutions to overcome the difficulties. Scope of the Study The study only concentrates on problems and possible solutions in learning vocabulary from the textbook ― Tiếng Anh 10‖ by Hoang Van Van, Hoang Thi Xuan Hoa, Do Tuan Minh, Nguyen Thu Phuong and Nguyen Quoc Tuan. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 10 4 Methods of the Study The study uses a combination of various methods to achieve its objectives such as descriptive, comparative, and statistical.
Various sources of data, including those obtained from the students in the Son La Ethnic Boarding High school. First, survey questionnaires were conducted. Data obtained help to investigate students‘ difficulties learning English vocabulary at Son la Ethnic boarding High School and also help teachers to find out appropriate activities to improve vocabulary learning. Secondly, the author interviewed 10 ethnic students to get better understanding of their difficulties in learning vocabulary.
Design of the study The thesis consists of three parts as follow: Part A: Introduction Part B: Development Part B is composed of three chapters, each of which focused on a particular issue: - Chapter I deal with Theoretical Background. - Chapter II describes the method employed and introduces the situation of teaching and learning vocabulary at Son La Ethnic Boarding High School. - Chapter III describes the data analysis and discussion about the students‘ difficulties in learning vocabulary at Son La Ethnic Boarding High School. - Chapter IV is the Finding and some solutions for better learning English vocabulary to Ethnic minority students in Son La Ethnic Boarding High school.
Part C: Conclusion TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 12 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. General knowledge of English Vocabulary 1. What is vocabulary? Up to now there have been many definitions of vocabulary. Some linguists define it according to semantic criterion while others refer to it according to the phonological or potential one.
According to Parmer (1983:37),the semantic unit maybe a sequence of several words. For example, ―look up‖ is a phrasal verb consisting of two words. But the meaning of ―look up‖ can only be understood in the entire phrase, not by analyzing its single parts. Word is also defined with phonological criterion.
It is said that word is marked by ―spaces‖ and ―pauses‖. According to Michael Lewis (1993:89), vocabulary ―…may be individual words, or full sentences – institutionalized utterances – that convey fixed social or pragmatic meaning within a given community. (1996: 60) defines vocabulary as the words we teach in the language. The author also emphasizes that a new item of vocabulary may be more than a single word; for example, post office and mother-in-law, which are made up of two or three words but express a single idea.
There are also multi-word idioms such as call it in day, where the meaning of the phrase can not be deduced from an analysis of component words. There fore, a useful convention is to cover all cases by talking about vocabulary ―items‖ rather than ― word‖. Meanwhile in spite of the fact that many scientists talked about linguistics, the notion of word, they did not give any definition of word on their own. According to Quirk (1974), ―Thinking of word comes to us so naturally that it takes a serious effort to realize what miraculous devices they are.
Like so many other things that are basic and elemental in our lives, we take them for granted and we apt to be surprised to find how hard it is to say exactly what a word is‖. Pyles and Alges (1970: 96) also state, ―When most of us think about language we think first about words. It is true that the vocabulary is the focus of language. It is words that sounds and meanings interlock to allow us to communicate with one an other, and it is TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 13 word that we arrange together to make sentences, conversation and discourse of all kinds‖.
It indicates that vocabulary is essential for learning a language. In short, it is possible to say that it is hard to give a precise definition of word. For the pedagogical purposes of this paper, the definition by Ur, P. Classification of vocabulary There have been different ways to classify vocabulary according to different criteria.
In term of the concept of morpheme Vocabulary is divided into three kinds: simple words, deriver words and compound words. - Simple words: A simple word consists of a root morpheme, such as big, hat… - Derived words: A derived words consists of a root and one or more derivational morphemes like player, interesting… - Compound words: A compound word has at least two roots with or without derivational morphemes. For example: plant-eater, racing horse… 1. In term of the meaning There are two main kinds of meaning in a word: lexical meaning and grammatical meaning.
There fore, vocabulary can be divided in to notional words and functional words. Notional words are words with clear lexical meaning. They address objects, actions, qualities, etc. And they have meaning in themselves.
Notional words form a great number of each speaker‘s vocabulary. Functional words are words whose meaning is grammatical and only have meaning in relation to the other words with which they are used. Functional words are particles, articles, prepositions… 1. In term of the function of vocabulary items in a sentence According to the function of vocabulary items in a sentence, vocabulary can be divided into parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and pronouns.
Each part of speech has its own position complying with certain grammatical rules and relating to others. The teacher should point out the function of each item so that students can use its grammatical rules correctly. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. In term of the sequence of use The sequence of use means the frequency of occurrence of words.
There are three groups of word according to this criterion. They are high frequency words, low frequency words and specialized words. It is very important for the teacher to show students which group a word be long to, because it is unnecessary to spend so much time learning low frequency words. In term of the use of word According to this criterion we have active words and passive words.
Active words are those which students are able to use after they have learned them. Passive words are the ones students do not have to use. They are used especially in the texts to create necessary understanding and use them correctly and naturally. The role of vocabulary in language teaching and learning ―Vocabulary is one of the three dimensions of a language (phonetics, grammar, vocabulary).
Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”. (Wilkin, 1972:110) The statement indicates the great importance of vocabulary.