VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** NGUYỄN THỊ XOAN A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING SPEAKING SKILL FACED BY NON-ENGLISH-MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY Nghiên cứu về những khó khăn trong việc học kĩ năng nói của sinh viên không chuyên Tiếng Anh tại trường Đại học Công Nghiệp Hà Nội M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Hanoi – 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** NGUYỄN THỊ XOAN A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING SPEAKING SKILL FACED BY NON-ENGLISH-MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY Nghiên cứu về những khó khăn trong việc học kĩ năng nói của sinh viên không chuyên Tiếng Anh tại trường Đại học Công Nghiệp Hà Nội M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Supervisor: Phạm Lan Anh, M.A Hanoi – 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv LIST OF TABLES v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Aims of the study 2 3.
Scope of the study 3 4. Significance of the study 3 5. Design of the study 4 PART B: DEVELOPMENT 5 Chapter 1: Literature Review 5 1. Theoretical background of Communicative language teaching 5 (CLT) 1.
Concept of CLT 5 1. Characteristics of CLT 6 1. Concept of speaking 9 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Characteristics of speaking 10 1.
Teaching Speaking Skills in CLT approach 11 1. Teaching Speaking Skills in CLT approach 11 1. The techniques in teaching speaking skills 13 1. Difficulties in learning speaking skill 15 1.
Difficulties from teachers 15 1. Difficulties from students 17 1. Difficulties from objective factors 20 Chapter 2: The study 22 2. Description of the English course and its objectives at HaUI 22 2.
Description of the students at HaUI 23 2. Description of the teachers at HaUI 23 2. Data collection methods 25 2. Data analysis 27 PART C: CONCLUSION 41 1.
Summary of findings 41 2. Some suggestions to overcome students’ difficulties 42 2. Suggestions for teachers 42 5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Suggestions for students 43 3.
Limitations of the study 44 4. Suggestions for further studies 44 REFERENCE 46 APPENDIX 1: Questionnaire for students (English version) I APPENDIX 2: Questionnaire for students (Vietnamese version) IV APPENDIX 3: Questionnaire for teachers VII APPENDIX 4: Transcription of semi-structured group interview with XI teachers 6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HaUI: Hanoi University of Industry CLT: Communicative Language Teaching L1: First language L2: Second language 7 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Information about students participating in the survey Table 2: Teachers’ years of teaching English and students’ years of learning English Table 3: Teachers’ and students’ opinion about the importance of English speaking skill Table 4: Teachers’ and students’ opinion about the importance of English speaking skill in comparison with other skills Table 5: Teachers’ and students’ opinions about students’ favor of learning English speaking skill Table 6: Teachers’ and students’ judgment about students’ speaking competence Table 7: Students’ reasons for learning English speaking skill Table 8: Teachers’ belief about CLT Table 9: Students’ common difficulties in learning speaking skill 8 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY Nowadays, in the trend of globalization, English has become an international language and has been widely used in many parts of the world. With the development of modern science and technology along with the integration policy, the need of learning English in Vietnam has been increasing day by day.
With the purpose of finding a good job with high salary or to study abroad, learners of English nowadays not only wish to master the grammar of the language to pass the exam at school but they also wish to develop their communication competence. However, they often get into a lot of difficulties on the way mastering it. The reasons may be that to speak a foreign language fluently is not easy and it takes a lot of time and effort. There are many factors such as: students’ motivation, students’ characteristics, learning materials, teachers’ teaching methods, etc… which affect students’ achievement in learning English speaking skill.
The topic of difficulties in learning English speaking has also attracted me since I began teaching English at Hanoi University of Industry (HaUI). In the hope of helping students master English well to get a good job after graduation, the Faculty of English at HaUI has applied the communicative language teaching approach in teaching and learning for both English-major and non-English-major students. Among four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing), speaking is paid special attention. However, throughout my teaching for non- English major students at this university, I realize that the speaking lessons are usually not really successful as expected because students have a lot of difficulties in learning this skill.
Although students can do the grammar exercises very well, can master quite many new words and structures, they still cannot apply them in learning speaking skill very well. That is one of the reasons why I wish to carry out a research to find out the common difficulties in learning speaking skill and some suggested solutions to the problem. 9 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com There are quite many researches on learning English speaking skill and difficulties in learning this skill; however, there are still few researches about difficulties in learning speaking skill by students at HaUI, especially by non-English major students although it is a quite big university in Vietnam and the number of non-English major students is also quite large. Being an English teacher for non- English major students at this university, I would like to carry out a research to find out the common difficulties in learning this skill by those students in order to help them to improve the situation in the next semesters as well as to help me and my colleagues to improve our teaching.
These above facts have provoked me to conduct a research with the title: “A study on difficulties in learning speaking skill faced by non- English major students at Hanoi University of Industry”. AIMS OF THE STUDY The study is carried out to find out non-English major students’ difficulties in learning English speaking skill at Hanoi University of Industry from students and lecturers’ points of views. Then, some solutions will be generated from the lecturers at this university to overcome the problems. All these above aims can be realized by answering three following research questions: 1.
What are the difficulties encountered by non-English major students in learning English speaking skill from lecturers’ opinions? 2. What are the difficulties encountered by non-English major students in learning English speaking skill from students’ opinions? 3. What are suggested as solutions by lecturers for non-English major students to overcome those difficulties? 10 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study aims at finding out the difficulties in learning speaking skill faced by non-English major students at HaUI.
There are many types of difficulties that learners can meet when they study a foreign language. However, due to the limitation of time and the narrow scale, the study only focuses on the most common difficulties in learning speaking skill faced by non-English major students at Hanoi University of Industry from the perspectives of students and teachers. Then, this study will also give out some suggested solutions generated from the teachers in the interview for students to overcome those difficulties and improve their speaking skill. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY In finding out the difficulties of non-English major students in learning speaking English and some suggested solutions, it is hoped that the result of the study will somehow be used as reference to help students to learn speaking skill better in the next semesters.
In addition, the result of this study is also strongly believed to help me and my colleagues to better our own teaching at HaUI, as well as those who are in charge of teaching English speaking skill to non-English major students at other universities and colleges in Vietnam with the same situation as at HaUI. Last but not least, this study is also hoped to contribute to recent knowledge about difficulties in learning speaking skill of non-English major students at HaUI. 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. METHODOLOGY With the aims of investigating difficulties of non-English major students in learning speaking skill at HaUI, I decide to choose survey research methodology.
Based on the aims of this study, it is clear that this is a descriptive research. To collect data for this study, 526 non-English major students and 15 lecturers are invited to take part in. The students are from different classes, different faculties and all chosen at random. The lecturers participating in the survey are directly teaching English to non-English major students or have had some experience in teaching non-English major students so that they can understand the students’ difficulties in learning speaking skill.
Those lecturers are also selected randomly. In this study, questionnaires for non-English major students and lecturers, semi-structured group-interview with teachers will be used to collect data to guarantee the accuracy of the data. DESIGN OF THE STUDY The minor thesis is composed of three parts: Part A: Introduction presents the rationale, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the methodology, the limitations and the design of the study Part B: Development consists of three following chapters 1. Chapter 1: Literature Review presents the concepts relevant to the study.
Chapter 2: The Study presents an overview of the context of investigation, summarizes non-English major most common difficulties and gives some suggested solutions for them to overcome those difficulties Part C: Conclusion addresses the key issues, limitations of the study and suggestions for further researches. 12 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Chapter 1 briefly presents the overview of CLT and speaking skill: concept of CLT, characteristics of CLT, concept of speaking, characteristics of speaking, teaching speaking skills in CLT approach, the techniques in teaching speaking skills and difficulties in learning speaking skill. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) 1. Concept of CLT There are many different definitions about CLT.
Hymes (1972) promotes the theory about language as communication with the target to develop “communicative competence” for students, which is later considered to be the goal of language teaching, the backbone of the communicative language teaching approach. CLT was expanded with the development of the notional- functional syllabus (Wilkins, 1976) and a communicative syllabus (Munby, 1978). The former was an attempt to organize second language curriculum based on communicative principles. Both were based on the theory that the basic categories of language were notions and functions rather than grammatical categories such as nouns, verbs, or adjectives.
Widdowson (1978) further added to the field when he proposed a model of language in which he made a distinction between usage and use, which usage referring to grammatical aspects of language and use referring to communicative aspects of language. Canale and Swain (1980) expands the theoretical basis of CLT for both teaching and testing. They are against the trend of over emphasis on function and a lack of emphasis on form grammatical complexity. They insist that teaching in CLT approach need to develop communicative competence for students.
In their views, communicative competence consists of grammatical, sociolinguistic and strategic 13 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Later Canale (1983) separated sociolinguistic competence into two different components: sociolinguistic and discourse competence. According to Nunan (1989, p.194) CLT is defined as adapted below: “CLT views language as a system for the expression of meaning. Activities involve oral communication, carrying out meaning tasks and using language, which is meaningful to the learners.