WRITING 3 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN GIÁO TRÌNH VIẾT 3 WRITING - Level 3 ĐàNẵng, năm 2013 LƯU HÀNH N ỘI BỘ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of contents Chapter 1: WRITING SENTENCES 2 Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses (Who, What, Which- as the Subject) 3 Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2 (Who, What, Which- as the Object) 9 Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3 (Whose + Quantity & Quality) 14 Lesson 4: Noun Clauses 19 Lesson 5: Passive Voice 25 Lesson 6: Reviews 31 Chapter 2: RESPONDING TO AN E-MAIL REQUEST LETTER 34 Lesson 7: Giving “How to” instructions (1) 35 Lesson 8: Giving “How to” instructions (2) 39 Lesson 9: Writing directions 43 Lesson 10: Inquiries 46 Lesson 11: Responding to inquiries 50 Chapter 3: WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY 54 Lesson 12: Writing general introductory sentences 55 Lesson 13: Writing a complete introductory paragraph 58 Lesson 14: Giving reasons and examples 60 Lesson 15: Developing key ideas by giving reasons and examples 63 2 CHAPTER 1 WRITING SENTENCES Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses 1 (Who, What, Which - as the Subject) Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2 (Who, What, Which - as the Object) Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3 (Whose + Quantity & Q uality) Lesson 4: Noun Clauses Lesson 5: Passive Voice Lesson 6: Review 3 LESSON 1: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE SUBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause. Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, that American football, which is the most popular sport In the UnitedStates, began at HarvardUniversity. In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural. Make the verb agree with the antecedent.
I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table. (The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.) I have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table. {The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.) Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary). Restrictive (necessary): no commas The professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas Professor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago. The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence containing a subject pattern adjective clauses. For People Restrictive People save time and energy. They use microwave ovens.
who, that People who use microwave ovens save time and energy. People that use microwave ovens save time and energy. Nonrestrictive Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs. Professional Who chefs say that fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend.
Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs, who say that fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend. For Animals and Things Restrictive Ovens are capable of cooking food quickly. They use microwave energy. Ovens That that use microwave energy are capable of cooking foods quickly.
Nonrestrictive An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves. Microwaves cook by Which agitating the water molecules in food. An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves, which cook by agitating the water molecules in food. - You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when: 1.
they are followed by a prepositional phrase. Ex1: The man who is in the house is my father. The man in the house is my father. 4 Ex2: The books that are on the desk are mine The books on the desk are mine.
the main verb in the relative clause is progressive. Ex1: The man who is swimming in the lake is my father. The man swimming in the lake is my father. Ex2: The books that are lying on the floor are mine.
The books lying on the floor are mine. the main verb in tenses Ex1: People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo. People buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo. Ex2: The bus which leaves at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown.
The bus leaving at 6:03 was late today. Combine the two sentences. Add commas if necessary. 1) She loves books (the books have happy endings).
She loves books which/that have happy endings. 2) They live in a city (the city is in the north of England). They live in a city which / that is in the north of England. 3) The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper).
The man which/ that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden 4) Anyone must have a logical mind. He or she wants to be a computer programmer Anyone who wants to be a computer programmer must have a logical mind. 5) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling. English spelling is not always consistent with its pronunciation.
6) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling which /that is not always consistent with its pronunciation. 7) The fruit is on the table which The fruit isn’t fresh. The fruit is on the table which isn’t fresh. 8) While he lectured, he showed us a slide.
The slide diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA. While he lectured, he showed us a slide that / which diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA. 9) Words in English are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce. They begin with the consonants Words in English that begin with the consonants are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce.
Reduce the relative clauses 1. The man who is standing there is a clown. The man standing there is a clown 2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives. Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house. The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday. The student don’t know how to do exercise given by the teacher yesterday 7. Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up.
Joggers running in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up. A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better. A person doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better. C- PRACTICE IN TOEIC I.
Language building a-Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1-3. Compare with your friends b- Complete the following about pictures 1-3 with the suitable words Picture 1 1. The man who is holding a suitcase is shaking hands with the receptionist 2. The man who stands behind the counter is shaking hands with the customer Picture 2 3.
Th e women sitting at the table are trying to reach an agreement. The women who are trying to reach an agreement try to reach an agreement. There are buildings on the side of the river which have many people living in the city. People are walking along the path which has buildings on the side of the river.
Put the words in the correct order Picture 1 1. The/ searching/ guard/ is/ the/ apart/ his/ arms/ man/ who/ has. The man who has arms apart is searching his by the guard 2. The /raising/ man/ who/ arms/ is/ his/ is/ the guard/ searched/ by.
The man who is raising his arms is searched by the guard. Some/ listening to/ people/ a pen/ man/ are/ the/ holding/ who is. Some people are listening to the man who is holding a pen. The/ the left/ a presentation/ man/ on/ is/ making.
The man who is on the left is making a presentation 7 Picture 3 5. The/ reading/ man/ sits/ a / the shelf/ book/ next to. … the man who is reading a book is sitting next to the shelf 6. The/ book/behind /shelf/ reading/ man/ is/ the/ who/ is/ a the man who is reading a book is behind the shelf 2.
Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words 1. stand/ wall/ conversation The man and the woman who are conversing together are standing beside the wall. building/ locate/ river the houses which are building on the side of the river are beautifully located 2. wait/ want/ line The people who are waiting to buy are lining up in a line 8 III.Test Practice In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture.
With each picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. water/ boat map/ look 1. The boat which is on the water is a yacht 2.
The people who are sitting in their car looking at the map. Hat / the same stand/ across 3 The hats which are on the table are the same 4. The man who standing across is looking at the woman 9 woman/ hold teacher/ explain 5. The woman who is holding a cup is using the 6.
the man who is explaining computer something on the board is the teacher. ----------------------------------------------------- LESSON 2: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 2 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE OBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS A relative pronoun can be an object in its own clause. Object Relative Pronouns whom, which, OSV that, 0 (no The address that he gave me was pronoun) Note: You can omit that in object pattern clauses only. 10 Ex: The address (that) he gave me was incorrect.
The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence containing an object pattern adjective clause For People Restrictive The professor is chair of the English Department. You should see the whom, that, 0 professor. The professor whom you should see is chair of the English Department. The professor that you should see is chair of the English Department.
(informal) Nonrestrictive The professor Dr. White is an ecologist. You met Dr.White in my office. Whom you should see is chair of the English Department.
White, whom you met in my office, is an ecologist. For Animals and Things Restrictive The book was written in German. The professor translated the book. The that, 0 book that the professor translated was written in German.
The book the professor translated was written in German. Nonrestrictive Environmental science is one of the most popular courses in the college. White teaches environmental science. Environmental science, which Dr.
White teaches, is one of the most popular courses in the college. The movie was interesting. We went to it. the movie to which we went to it was interresting.
I met the people. You told me about them. I met the people about whom you told me. I couldn’t understand the woman.
I talked to her on the phone. I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night 5. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night. The music to which we listened last night was gentl 6.
Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them. 11 Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living. The market has refresh vegetables.
I usually go to it.