VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNLVERSLTY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES pisiolei sda dedeiier iokeiok bk PHUNG THI LAM TITE IMPACT OF REPETITION AND RECYCLING ON GRADE 11 STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY RETENTION IN LONG IIAT— PITUO€ TINT ITIGI SCHOOL (TAC PONG CUA VIEC LUYEN TAP CỨNG CÔ DOI VOI SU GHI NHG TU VUNG CUA HOC SINH LỚP 11 O TRUONG THPT LONG HAI — PHUGC TINH ) MINOR M.A THESIS Kield: English Teaching Mcthodology Code: 60 14 10 IIA NOI, 2011 ETNAM NATIONAL UNTV! TY, HANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES KT ni PITUNG THT LAM THE IMPACT OF REPETITION AND RECYCLING ON GRADE 11 STUDENTS’? VOCABULARY RETENTION IN LONG HAI - PHUOC TINH HIGH SCHOOL (LAC DONG CUA VIEC LUYEN TAP CUNG CO DOI VOI SU GH NITG TỪ FỰNG CA HỌC SINH LỚP 11 O TRUONG THPT LONG HÃI - PHƯỚC TĨNH ) MINOR M.A TIIESIS Field: English Teaching Mcthodology Code: 60 1410 Supervisor: BO BA QUY, M.A HA NOL, 2011 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Cortifieats of originality i Acknowledgements. Table of coment iv List oỂabbreVialiOHS. nh nhn nh HH Hành cẰ) PART A—INTRODUCTION - - 1 1.
on me wal 2. Aims of the study. Scope of the study 2 4. Rasearch hypotheses and quesiions.
ca 3 3, Method oŸ the siuđy. Organization of the study. dd CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW. 5 | Teaching and Learning Vocabulary 5 1.1 Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary 5 1.2 Active and passive vocabulary 6 1.2 The importance of vocabulary in second language leaning - - 6 1.3 Whatis involved in knowing a Word.
Factors aftcting the retcntion oŸvocabulary.1 Memory and storage sYstem.1 The Keyword Method 1 2.2 The Visual Aids on Vocabulary [canning - eco EO 2.3 The Semantic Mapping on Vocabulary Learning.2 Frequency of meeting - - - eos LL PART B- DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATERE REVIEW 1 Teaching and Learning Vocabulary 4.1 What Is Vocabulary? 1.1 Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary 1.2 Active and passive vocabulary 1.2 The importance of vocabulary in second language learning 1.3 What is involved in knowing 4 ward 1. Factors affecting the retention of vocabulary.1 Memory and storage system 2.1 The Keyword Method 2.2 Lhe Visual Aids on Vacabulary Learning 2.3 The Semantic Mapping on Vocabulary Learning 2. Frequency of mecting 2.3 Quality of processing 3. 2 Teaching method 4, Repetition and Recycling in Language learning 4.
The spacing of repetition 4. ‘Testing and the Retrieval Practice Effect 5. A review pf similar sluilies CHAPTER 2— METHODOLOCY LThe setting of study 1.1 Context of Study PART A— INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Given its importance to Jeaming, vocabulary has been a prominent concem of many theorists and researchers in the field In leaming English, however, the grealest challenge is likely rolaining the words.
Researchers and teachers now have been drawn to the concem of how to make students enhance vocatlary retention for commmnicative value. Sindies have shown that practising things makes us better in learning a language and develops automaticity. In other words, Janguage learning proceeds gradually through repeated exposure and practice. ‘The course by Fducational Pross), howaver, doos not deal with it sufficiently.
Many studcmis now suffer from considerable difficulties im retaining previously encountered English words. They struggle to maintain retention, But not many of them are capable of it. This matter of fact leads to their poor production both in speaking and writing, 2. Aims of the study ‘The am of this study is to investigate the impact of repetition and recycling on vocabrlary foarning snd retention, or to pul it diffarsntly, the extent to which short tailored activities helps to retain vocabulary for the students at Long Hai Phuoc Tinh High school and some pedagogical implications 3.
Scope of the study In the cœrznt study, the author set the limit of investigating possibly _ applied activities ‘that can be carried out at beginning or in the middle of 45-minute periods in such large-sized classes al Long Hai — Phnae Tinh High school, vung Tau. The aclivitios were related to first three units (which equal to 18 lessons} of the course book English 11 4, Research hypotheses and questions The study is to get the answers to the following questions: 1) Zo what extent do EEL teachers encourage repetition and reeyeling vocabulary among their students? 2) What is the effectiveness of using repetitive and recycling focused activities on enhancing 1" - graders’ vacalndary retention? Long Tai — Phuos Tih high school is a state-run school tocated in Long Tai town in Ba Ria — Vung Tau. The school has a modest educational staff of 71 poople whe provids education to 1425 students. The EFL group consists of'9 teachers.
‘The typical setting of instruction is three 45-minute long penods of English a week, Duc to the Limited tine in a correspondence to a wide Tange of words lo teach and students’ low English proficiency, EFL teachers at Long Hai _ Phuoo Tình high school often teach ‘vocabulary in the traditional teacher-centered method. The teachers normally dominate class to explain words by words, They often employ three following steps in teaching vocabulary. First, teachers have sindents read the passage. After that, new words are raised and elicited through some games, werd naps, oF simple presonlations, Then students try ta gol.
Vicmnamesc equivalents of the words andl read then alouel once or twies. To hp stulents practice the vorabulary, the tcadhers have thorn der soane Kinds of exercises such as; gap filling, word matching, definitions matching, etc., available in the course book 1.2 Why quasi— experimental research As this study was conducted on the students in two already existing classes which were assigned by the high school where the searcher was working, a quasi-cxperitnental method. was naturally chosen. Participants of the study 2.1 Participants The population of the study were 84 ESL students coming from two classes in Long Hai- Phuoc Tình high school in BR-VT.
Most of them were born in 1995 and have stucied English as a Forcign Language for five years or more Results of the pro-test showed thal. their English vocabulary competence differed little. All in all, these two groups had a lot of common features in terms of number, gender, nglish level as well as motivation to learn. Moreover, these students’ eharacteristies were typical of the 117 grade non-major students at Long Hai- Phuoc Tinh high school.1 Sampling Tn the sludy the rescarchar adopted the systomatic sampling as a strategy to select subjects from a population list in a systematic.
Specifically, with the required number of 56 out of the population of 84, the simple statistic should be use: EN: Sh Long Tai — Phuos Tih high school is a state-run school tocated in Long Tai town in Ba Ria — Vung Tau. The school has a modest educational staff of 71 poople whe provids education to 1425 students. The EFL group consists of'9 teachers. ‘The typical setting of instruction is three 45-minute long penods of English a week, Duc to the Limited tine in a correspondence to a wide Tange of words lo teach and students’ low English proficiency, EFL teachers at Long Hai _ Phuoo Tình high school often teach ‘vocabulary in the traditional teacher-centered method.
The teachers normally dominate class to explain words by words, They often employ three following steps in teaching vocabulary. First, teachers have sindents read the passage. After that, new words are raised and elicited through some games, werd naps, oF simple presonlations, Then students try ta gol. Vicmnamesc equivalents of the words andl read then alouel once or twies.
To hp stulents practice the vorabulary, the tcadhers have thorn der soane Kinds of exercises such as; gap filling, word matching, definitions matching, etc., available in the course book 1.2 Why quasi— experimental research As this study was conducted on the students in two already existing classes which were assigned by the high school where the searcher was working, a quasi-cxperitnental method. was naturally chosen. Participants of the study 2.1 Participants The population of the study were 84 ESL students coming from two classes in Long Hai- Phuoc Tình high school in BR-VT. Most of them were born in 1995 and have stucied English as a Forcign Language for five years or more Results of the pro-test showed thal.
their English vocabulary competence differed little. All in all, these two groups had a lot of common features in terms of number, gender, nglish level as well as motivation to learn. Moreover, these students’ eharacteristies were typical of the 117 grade non-major students at Long Hai- Phuoc Tinh high school.1 Sampling Tn the sludy the rescarchar adopted the systomatic sampling as a strategy to select subjects from a population list in a systematic. Specifically, with the required number of 56 out of the population of 84, the simple statistic should be use: EN: Sh PART A— INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale Given its importance to Jeaming, vocabulary has been a prominent concem of many theorists and researchers in the field In leaming English, however, the grealest challenge is likely rolaining the words. Researchers and teachers now have been drawn to the concem of how to make students enhance vocatlary retention for commmnicative value. Sindies have shown that practising things makes us better in learning a language and develops automaticity. In other words, Janguage learning proceeds gradually through repeated exposure and practice.
‘The course by Fducational Pross), howaver, doos not deal with it sufficiently. Many studcmis now suffer from considerable difficulties im retaining previously encountered English words. They struggle to maintain retention, But not many of them are capable of it. This matter of fact leads to their poor production both in speaking and writing, 2.
Aims of the study ‘The am of this study is to investigate the impact of repetition and recycling on vocabrlary foarning snd retention, or to pul it diffarsntly, the extent to which short tailored activities helps to retain vocabulary for the students at Long Hai Phuoc Tinh High school and some pedagogical implications 3. Scope of the study In the cœrznt study, the author set the limit of investigating possibly _ applied activities ‘that can be carried out at beginning or in the middle of 45-minute periods in such large-sized classes al Long Hai — Phnae Tinh High school, vung Tau. The aclivitios were related to first three units (which equal to 18 lessons} of the course book English 11 4, Research hypotheses and questions The study is to get the answers to the following questions: 1) Zo what extent do EEL teachers encourage repetition and reeyeling vocabulary among their students? 2) What is the effectiveness of using repetitive and recycling focused activities on enhancing 1" - graders’ vacalndary retention? f= frequency interval N= the total number of the wider population Sy the required mumber in the saniple lence the frequency interval (Dis 84:°56=1.5 As aresult, the researcher omilled every third namic on the list of cases.1 The course book The English 11 is designed basing on the basic principles of Conumunicative Language ‘Teaching. However, the course book do not include stfficient communicative activities for practice.
This dsmands more work on the part. af the Loacher in selocting appropriate activitios jo altract.2 The course content As being stated above, due to the limitation of time and application, the study only deals with three units among sixteen ones appearing in the current course book English 11, namely unit | “Friendship”, unit 2 “Personal Experience”, and unit 3 “A Party”.3 What are relevant activities? - Activities that involve brief reading, repetition, making sentences, listing words and so on axe supposed to be relevant to provide background for practicing certain chunks or for recycling vocabulary, thus aid language processing and ultimately vocabulary retention - When designing some extra activities, the researcher took into account all the conditions of the participants and based on the Zavonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies which is adopted [rơm Schmmll 1997:207. 4, Data collection instruments 4.