MASTER IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT THESIS Factors Affecting the Application of Performance-Based Budgeting Model: Case in Retail Sector in Vietnam Author’s full name: Le Quynh Chi Author’s ID: 21075052 Class: MFM4 HANOI, 2023 ABSTRACT This thesis was conducted to identify factors affecting the application of the performance- based budgeting model in retail enterprises in Viet Nam. To accomplish research objectives, I had identified required contents of PBB, problems facing retail enterprises in following PBB policy. Previous studies on this field were reviewed to build a relevant analytical framework. The quantitative model output shows that factors included in the model can explain a large part of the changes in the PBB application decision in a retail firm, however, the impact magnitude of each factors are by random (p>5%), thus there has not enough statistic evidence showing that those factors affecting user‟s behavior related to changing to PBB.
This study has provided empire evidence on identifying and measuring the relationship of factors affecting the application of PBB model in retail enterprises in Viet Nam. In the context of different countries, the factors as well as the level of impact of each factor on the application of PBB model are also different, so for the context of research in retail entities in Vietnam, provided empirical evidence on the impact of four factors including the perceived relative advantages of PBB, switching cost, organizational support and authority. The survey results contribute to adding to the empirical literature on factors affecting the application of PBB model. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In this arduous journey of researching and completing my master's thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the individuals and organizations who have supported me during this time.
During the process of working on my dissertation, without their valuable guidance, encouragement and support, I would not have been able to complete this master's thesis. I would like to dedicate this section to expressing my deep gratitude and gratitude to those who have been by my side, supported and devoted me in my research journey and thesis writing. First of all, I would like to express my special gratitude to Dr. Le Quang Dung.
Thanks to his knowledge and dedicated support and guidance, I had the opportunity to complete my thesis. He is not only a mentor, but also a great encouragement, always making me feel strong and confident in the face of academic and research challenges. His sincere advice and insightful guidance not only helped me complete my thesis excellently, but also made for a memorable learning journey. I will always remember and cherish your valuable contributions.
I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the lecturers and friends at the International School - Hanoi National University. The knowledge and lessons learned at school and from peers are important help and support in the development and completion of this thesis. I also express my deep gratitude to my family and friends who have always been by my side, encouraging and sharing with me throughout this process. Their words of unconditional encouragement and support have played an important role in carrying me through difficulties and challenges.
Finally, I would like to say a big thank you to everyone who has supported, contributed and shared my knowledge to help me complete this thesis. Thank you to everyone and I am very proud of the thesis I have researched and completed along with the support from everyone. ii iii TABLES OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. ii TABLES OF CONTENTS.
iv LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF FIGURES/ GRAPHS. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .1 The rationale of the thesis .2 Research objectives and questions .4 Scope of research .5 The structure of the thesis. LITERATURE REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE-BASED BUDGETING 5 2.1 Concepts used in the thesis .2 Business capital planning.3 Objectives of budgetary systems .1 Models of retail firms .2 Characteristics of retail firms .3 Performance-based budgeting .1 General process of the budgeting model.2 Key benefits of performance-based budgeting .3 Key challenges of PBB .4 Pros and cons of the model .4 Stages of development of the performance-based planning model in the retail industry .2 From the 1990s to the present .5 Factors affecting application performance-based planning model in the retail industry .6 Principles of the application of performance-based planning in the retail industry .7 Performance-based budgeting model in the retail industry .1 Structure of performance management .2 The planning and control cycle .8 Factors influencing the adoption of a performance-based planning model in the retail industry.1 Perception of PBB's relative advantage .3 Internal factors for change .4 The support of the organization. METHODOLOGY AND DATA .2 Model and analytical framework .1 Performance indicators in the Retail sector .2 Factor application of Performance-based budgeting .3 Survey questionnaire design and target respondent .4 Data collection and sources.
RESEARCH RESULTS ON PERFORMANCE-BASED BUDGETING MODELS IN VIETNAM'S RETAIL INDUSTRIES .1 An overview of Vietnam's retail industry .1 Overview of the retail market in Vietnam.2 Some trends in the development of Vietnam's retail industry .2 Comparative performance of firms in the Retail industry .2 Liquidity Management performance .3 Managing Efficiency performance .1 Description of responses .2 Perception of the impact of factors relating to the process and design of budgeting .3 Impact of social, environmental, and legislative factors on performance- based budgeting .4 The degrees the retails firms using performance-based budgeting.4 Results of budget planning based on performance in Vietnam's retail industries.1 Results drawn from qualitative research.2 Results of the Regression analysis .1 Establishing Performance Benchmark system to rate the firm‟s performance 60 vi 5.2 General conclusion of the application of the performance-based budgeting model in retail enterprises in Vietnam .3 Recommendations on solutions to promote the application of performance- based budgeting model in Vietnam's retail industries.2 Minimize barriers and conversion costs .3 The supplier capacity for change .4 Increase support from the organization.5 Improve application authority.7 Promoting stronger Internal Auditing activities to promote performance .8 Improving Budgetary control.4 Limitations of study. 70 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Model of factors affecting PBB. 29 Table 4-1: Comparative profitability of firms in the Retail sector. 39 Table 4-2: Sector comparative performance regarding Fixed Asset turnover.
39 Table 4-3: Sector comparative performance regarding Total Asset Turnover. 40 Table 4-4: Sector comparative performance regarding Days of inventory on hand. 41 Table 4-5: Sector comparative performance regarding Receivables turnover. 41 Table 4-6: Sector comparative performance regarding Payables turnover.
42 Table 4-7: Cross-Sector comparative performance regarding Return on Assets. 43 Table 4-8: Sector comparative performance regarding ROA. 43 Table 4-9: Sector comparative performance regarding Net revenue. 44 Table 4-10: Sector comparative performance regarding Gross profit margin.
45 Table 4-11: Sector comparative performance regarding Regarding Net profit margin. 46 Table 4-12: Fixed asset turnover. 46 Table 4-13: Inventory turnover. 46 Table 4-14: Regarding Days of sales outstanding.
47 Table 4-15: Sector comparative performance regarding Cost of goods sold/Net revenue. 49 Table 4-16: Sector comparative performance regarding Selling expenses/Net revenue. 49 Table 4-17: Sector comparative performance regarding Inventory turnover. 50 Table 4-18: Responses of factors affecting performance-based budgeting.
53 Table 4-19: Perceived the impact of social, environmental, and legislative factors on performance-based budgeting. 54 Table 4-20: The degree of using the Performance-based Budgeting in a retailor. 54 Table 4-21: Quality of the Performance-based Budgeting. 55 Table 4-22: Regression Statistics.
59 Table 5-1: Proposed Performance benchmark. 61 viii LIST OF FIGURES/ GRAPHS Figure 2-1: Contents of Model of Performance-based Management. 6 Figure 2-2: Basic process of PBB. 10 Figure 2-3: The Planning and Control cycle.
22 Figure 2-4: Factors affecting PBB. 27 Figure 3-1: Performance analytical framework. 29 Figure 3-2: Factors affecting Budget. 31 Figure 3-3: Survey design part 1.
33 Figure 3-4: Survey design part 2. 34 Figure 3-5: Survey design part 3. 34 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No. ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION 1 CEO Chief Executive Officer 2 IPSAS International Public Accounting Standards 4 MFM Master of Financial Management Program 5 OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 6 PBB Performance-based budgeting 7 VNU Vietnam National University, Hanoi 8 VNUIS VNU International School x CHAPTER 1.1 The rationale of the thesis Budget planning is an important stage, the role in and efficiency of the business.
Forecasting, calculating expenses, helping businesses stay on track, avoiding excessive spending. It is the balance of departments for the next implementation plan and also the expectations and goals of the whole enterprise. In countries around the world, especially developing nations, there is a need for businesses to control costs and maximize cost efficiency. Therefore, to prevent and detect losses, businesses have implemented new methods and research new methods aimed at effective cost control.
At the same time, this issue has become problematic for researchers in accounting and corporate financial management, including researches on improving accounting systems to practice accounting based on accrual principles and researches on the application of new management accounting techniques such as modern budgeting Performance-based budgeting is a budgeting approach that focuses on allocating funds based on the results achieved by the programs and the users of budgets. Instead of simply attribute money based on what was spent in the past business periods, performance-based budgeting looks at how effective a program is at meeting its goals. This can be used by governments, businesses, and other organizations. In Vietnam, budgeting and financial management have made great strides, especially in developing more effective business cost methods.
At the same time, the current effective and effective planning model is the Performance-based budgeting (PBB) model. This model has become the dominant model in many countries, the PBB model aims to innovate the entire payment system (HTTT) managed to focus on performance (QQ), in which business management information is used in the whole process of planning and allocating resources (Budding, Grossi, & Tagesson, 2014). Meanwhile, in Vietnam, the traditional estimating model at enterprises is no longer suitable, because this model is more about controlling expenditures, allocating resources focusing on inputs, not building links 1 between inputs and outputs, so it does not show how to use resources effectively and measure operational efficiency. The PBB model being widely adopted is not simple, requiring ways of budgeting, operating the plan; and a management culture that ensures performance-based accountability.
Moreover, for methodological change decisions, innovation is a process carried out by every individual, so considering the perception of the implementer is very important in adopting any change, which contributes to the success of that change (Ehsein, 2014). Therefore, in addition to changes in budgeting methods at enterprises, it is necessary to identify which factors will influence the application of PBB model by planners in enterprises in Vietnam, so that managers can make appropriate decisions affecting those factors, contribute to motivating planners to quickly adopt PBBs effectively. Budget planning is a measure for implementation, comparing reality with the plan to detect abnormalities and promptly handle and adjust accordingly. The research on PBB is quite diverse, has been carried out in many different countries around the world and has different environmental conditions compared to Vietnam.
Moreover, these researches have focused only on PBB planning techniques, not on human behavior related to PBB application, and so far no research has been found in Vietnam. Therefore, the research of the topic "Factors affecting the application of performance-based budgeting model: case in retail sector in Vietnam" is necessary, theoretical and practical.2 Research objectives and questions General objective of this thesis is to identify factors affecting the applicability of PBB model in retail enterprises in Vietnam.3 Research questions The thesis will answer the following questions: What is the business context in which the retail firms are making business? How this context affects the performance-based budgeting (PBB)? What are the impact factors identified by previous literatures? 2 What is the application and the applicability of the PBB model as perceived in the retail enterprises in Vietnam?