* Vu Thanh Hien M.A (Chief) Bach Thi Thanh M.A Ngo Thi Kim Thanh M.A Le Thi Thuy Hong M.A © Bui Thi Thanh Van M.A 1 ENGLISH FOR _ | SPECIFIC PURPOSES F OR ECONOMICS ~~ student's Books & Workbook ~. TRUONG DAI HOG GIAO THONG VAN TAI ‘PHAN HIEU TAL THANH PHO one H{ MINH THU VIỆ N. U001B5 G2 n2 NHÀ XUẤT BẢN GIAO THÔNG VAN TAI HA NỘI- 2017 i a ~ PREFACE | ESP has becoming more and more important for students specialized in ent majors including economics. English for economics and business aims to de economic students with basic vocabulary related to their field as well as help to develop necessary language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and ng, which will be a great help for them in their future job.
The book has been ned to be covered in 60 periods (6 periods for each unit, 12 periods for revision mid-term test), mainly for students of Economics Department in munications and Transport University whose English is at pre-intermediate English for economics and business consists of Student’s Book and ‘book with 8 units about different economics related topics. Each unit covers all lls, i. listening, speaking, reading and writing with variety of exercises. Each nlso focuses on a basic grammar point so that students can revise the knowledge have learnt and therefore can use English more effectively.
In addition, to check nts’ comprehension about the specialized topics and the language focuses, some lw questions are given after each unit. A wordlist with transcription and lation of new terms is provided at the end of each unit, which will make it easier tudents to comprehend the text and facilitates their self-study. Moreover, the includes 01 sample test to get students familiarized with the final test format. can help them to get higher scores in the mid-term and end-of-term tests.
e the Student’s book, Workbook with a wide range of exercises relevant to the s and grammar points dealt with in the course book is a good and very useful ementary material to help students consolidate what they have learnt. It is osed to be assigned as homework for students. We hope that this text book will be a useful learning material for economic nts to improve their ESP. However, mistakes are unavoidable.
We would ome all comments from teachers and students in order to make the book better. We, the authors, have five members who perform particular tasks, as follows: Vu Thanh Hien MA. (chief): in charge of Unit 1, Unit2 and the compilation and edition. Bach Thi Thanh MA.: in charge of Unit 3 and Unit 4 Ngo Thi Kim Thanh MA.: in charge of Unit 5 and Unit 6 Le Thi Thuy Hong MA: in charge of Unit 7 and Unit 8 Bui Thi Thanh Van MA.: in charge of the Vocabulary TAKT * 3 ee 4* TAKT UNIT 1 THREE ECONOMIC ISSUES A.
Understanding a printed text: Now look at these questions 1. What is important in the first paragraph? 2. What is the second paragraph about? Read the passage through and find the answers to the questions. Remember you do not have to understand every word to answer them.
Trying to understand what economics is about by studying definitions is like trying to learn to swim by reading an instruction manual. Formal analysis makes sense only once you have some practical experience. In this section we discuss three economic issues to show how society allocates scarce resources between competing uses. In each case we see the importance of the questions what, how, and for whom to produce.
The two primary economic systems that societies have employed over 60 years are Capitalism and socialism. In capitalism economic systems, property is owned by individuals. Capitalism resolves the ce.1tral questions facing society by the interaction of buyers and sellers in markets. Property in socialist economic systems is owned by the government.
In theory, in tose societies, centra! questions are answered in order to meet the best interests of all of society’s members. Instead of markets, central planning is used to deal with the basic economic questions facing socialist societies. TAKT * 5 In capitalism, the what question is answered by consumers as they spend their - dollars for the goods and services that they most desire. Businesses that best respond to or anticipate the material desires of households will.
make the most profit. In socialism, it is the job of central planners to determine what should be produced. Their decisions are based upon what they believe is most socially beneficial for society as!a whole. Central planners also answer the how question in socialist economies! They determine how to combine society’s inputs in order to produce the outputs desired.
In capitalism, this decision is up to individual firms. They combine inputs in the most efficient way to reduce the cost of making the outputs. This increases their chances of making profits. Another term for the for whom question is distribution.
In socialism, who gets what is based on need, while in capitalism, for whom is based on the value of property rights owned by individuals. Check your understanding: Now read the text carefully and then answer the following questions. What three questions must any economic system answer? Aaa ered eee nena ener ee ee EMO EH eRe EMO n ORE ae DEES Oe DEH EH OEE DDO E AEH OES EE HE EH ED EEE SORE EOE EERE ESTEE DEDEDE CHORES OH EE eee eeneseeD "“ eee emer meet e sree ees e east esses rasa eA eH ee eDe et ses aera EH ES OEEE AE HES OE DOSE EET OE ORS EE SETEEO SEES H HEE SEER EHO DE ENE ODED Eee EEE eEae. Increase your vocabulary: 1.
Look at the first paragraph and say which words correspond to these definitions. e a book which teaches you something Ñ e supply of goods, raw materials etc. Look at paragraph 2. Can you explain the words.
AT je buyers .LE ‘property BÀ 6 * TAKT. Look at paragraph 3 and say what these words refer to: e line2: they | e = jine 3: it e line 4: their e line §: they 4. Look at paragraph 3 and say what words have the same meaning as: ¢ commodity e wish se people who used goods or services e manufacture ® companies ®* cut down B. LANGUAGE FOCUS: THE PASSIVE VOICE I.
Form e Use the verb be as a help verb with the past participle of the verb. Use the correct tense of the verb be. Present Simple Property is owned by individuals. Present Continuous Seven hundred staff are being made redundant.
Past Simple _It was invented in 1938 by Chester Carlson. Present Perfect All the money in the safe has been stolen. Past Continuous ~ The factory was being built when I last came here. : Future with wi// A weak signal will be emitted.
| Future with going to A division is going to be sold. e With verbs like can, must, ought to, etc., use the modal verb + be + the past participle. The company should be taken to court and punished. That invoice ought to be checked carefully.
Uses e To describe action without saying who does them: The company was founded in 1928. The eggs are made of chocolate. e To describe process The data has to be collected, then it's analysed, and finally the results are published. , Notes e You canjuse the passive voice and still say who or what performed an action by using by! li decisions are made by the Board of Directors.
The results are collected by the computer. But in many sentences this is unnecessary. T he password has been changed (by the network manager) | PRACTICE Task 1: Read this information about DHL, a company that delivers parcels and documents, world-wide. Put the verb into the present simple passive.
DHL FROM START TO FINISH One phone call is all it takes to get your shipment moving. Quick of the mark As soon as you book all your shipment over the phone, your details (1) are programmed (program) into the DHL system. Within minutes, a courier receives a ` pick-up message. Rapid collection The data (2) (transfer) to a printer in the van.
so our driver will know where you are. Prepared for takeoff Your shipment (8) (check in) by DHL ground staff at the airport, and they make sure that it (9) (load) onto the right flight. | §* TAKT Satellite technology While the plane is in the air all the details of the shipment (10) (transmit) to the local DHL import agents. As soon as the plane lands, the information (11) (give) to customs.
Personal delivery As soon as your shipment-(12) (clear), it (13) (deliver) to its final destination. All the information about delivery (14) (hold) on computer, allowing you to check delivery with one quick phone call. Task 2: Read each of the following statements. Then say if it should be followed by sentence A or sentence B.
Underline the correct answer. Roche is one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical groups. It manufactures vitamins, perfumes, and antibiotics. Vitamins, perfumes, and antibiotics are manufactured by it.
Quantas is the second oldest international airline. The Australian government currently owns it. It is currently owned by the Australian government. Bass PLC is the largest global hotel operator.
It owns Holiday Inns and a number of other hotel chains. Holiday Inns and a number of other hotel chains are owned by it. Australian born Rupert Murdoch is chairman of News Corporation. He controls 39% of the company through Cruden Investments.
39% of the company is controlled by him through Cruden Investments. Task 3: Many of the following sentences sound unnatural because they are in the active. Re - write them in the passive, but do not mention the agent (e. by ‘ workers, by people).
Workers in China make these telephones. These telephones are made in China. Employers pay many manual workers weekly. Many manual workers.
They keep a large amount of gold at Fort Knox. 2u HT ng HH 0011 1011 1111111 0141111 14 TAKT*9 3. Workers build a lot of the world’s supertankers in South Korea. Hiên | 4, | They have turned the Sales and Marketing Department into three separate divisions.
‘The Sales and Marketing Department. The company is building a much larger Production plant at Ludwigshafen. Farmers grow a third of the world’s cocoa in the Ivory Coast | ` n=. kh Ha HH Hang ngang eerec C.
WRITING: The Passive voice — Describing charts and graphs I. The Passive Voice T ask 1: Write sentences from the prompt using one of the verbs from the box. build | discover elect | find _ invent open ‘1. The Berlin; Wall / 1961 The Berlin Wall was built in 1961.
The Channel Tunnel / 1994. Radium / Marie and Pierre Curie. The wirelesS /MATCON sssssesessssssececssessesassveceassesesrsseceessecsssssasecsnssvee S. President Clinton/]992 2222222222222 nnreereeereee Task 2: Write a short paragraph about AMS Ti rading using the prompts.
AMS Trading/ found / Alan Sugar ’/ 1968, and the company’s name / change / Amstrad/1972. The company / sell / electronic consumer goods /, and then / move / computers. Amstrad / float / the Stock Exchange / 1980. It / expand / rapid / until / 1988, when it / launch / the PC 2000 series / personal computers.
Describing charts and graphs: Frequently-used words and expressions in describing charts/graphs and changes of data. © Verb + adverb The number of something + verb + adverb + from. Subject Verb indicating Adverb Period of time changes Increased suddenly Jumped rapidly Rose dramatically went up sharply The number Climbed steeply from (June) to (December) of (cars) - Grew steadily Decreased consistently between _ (June) and Dropped gradually (December) .