VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** PHẠM THỊ THU TRANG TEACHING VOCABULARY TO PRIMARY CHILDREN BY USING STORY TELLING METHOD (DẠY TỪ VỰNG CHO HỌC SINH TIỂU HỌC THÔNG QUA PHƯƠNG PHÁP KỂ CHUYỆN) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 HANOI, 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** PHẠM THỊ THU TRANG TEACHING VOCABULARY TO PRIMARY CHILDREN BY USING STORY TELLING METHOD (DẠY TỪ VỰNG CHO HỌC SINH TIỂU HỌC THÔNG QUA PHƯƠNG PHÁP KỂ CHUYỆN) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Supervisor: Dr. LÊ VĂN CANH HANOI, 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION .iii TABLE OFCONTENT………………………………………………….iv Part I: Introduction 1. Rationale of the study. Aims of the study.
Method of the study. Design of the study. 4 Part II: Development Chapter I: Literature review 1.1 Vocabulary in language teaching and learning .1 Definition of vocabulary .2 The role of vocabulary in English teaching and learning .1 The value of teaching vocabulary to primary children through stories .2 The characteristics of teaching vocabulary to primary children through stories. 11 Chapter II: The study 2.1 Description of the study.
17 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 Description of the data instruments .4 Results and analysis from questionnaires .1 Preliminary results and analysis .2 Result and analysis after application stage. 33 Part III: Conclusion * References. viii v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Part I: Introduction 1. Rationale of the study 1.1 Theoretical background If a language was a house, vocabulary would be construction material to build up that house.
Therefore, needless to say, vocabulary is an essential constituent of the language acquisition. In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. It is one element that links the four skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing all together. In order to communicate well in a foreign language, learners should acquire an adequate number of words and should know how to use them accurately.
At the point of linguistics, vocabulary is all the word known and used by person. It means if someone had no vocabulary of a language, he or she could not use that language for reading, writing, speaking and listening. It‟s known that vocabulary is an important part of language learning, without which no communication can be successful, so knowing vocabulary of a language is a minimum self-requirement for those who want to learn a foreign language.2 Practical background Vietnam is the country with the population more than eighty seven million people. It is considered one of the dynamic, metropolitan countries heading for regional and international integration.
As the result, the need for future generations who can use English to communicate is urgent because English has become an international language. Nowadays, most educated people will expect to learn English and to use it well. Thanks to English, the international relations among the countries all over the world 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com can be maintained and developed. Consequently, the teaching of English as a second and foreign language becomes a major international enterprise.
So, it is very important to teach English to children as early as possible in order to prepare them facing the new era. In reality, the parents' growing need for their children to learn English when they are young, many primary schools cooperated with English centres to teach English for young learners. Consequently, teaching and learning quality was been controlled. That lead to very poor performance in English since there had been no curriculum, no training course for the teachers and no guidelines on the way the centres had been operating Teaching English, especially for young learners, at primary schools had become a messy picture so it is important to design a suitable program that meet the needs of the society.
The purpose of the programme must provide "standard English" to a large number of the students even the poorest, most remote areas. The question needs answering how to transfer parents' needs into children needs for the programme. It had been customary that teaching English through stories was used to reward the students for good behaviour as learning was believed to be about formal tests and formalized learning and teaching. For the level at primary schools, teaching method is required with the very special techniques as the result when games, songs and stories are used to create an English learning environment, the problem of changing the teacher's awareness is challenging.
We have to design training workshops to shift teachers from traditional methods to more student - centred approaches to make them aware that they can use stories to build up English for the children in a very natural way. However, organizing training workshops has not solved the root of the problem of the lack of professional teachers for primary students. With 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com the growing need for children to learn English, we cannot answer this need at present because the whole country does not have any university which can train teachers to teach English for primary students. And so the challenge continues.
Since young children are able to learn foreign language more naturally and to some extent more easily than older learners, children can start learning a foreign language as soon as they are old enough to accept the social requirements demanded by group teaching. Children can learn English from the earliest age since they have got knowledge or ability to learn foreign language. In this case, the teachers only need to develop, support, motivate and dig up their basic ability in improving it. It is in line with Halliwel opinion (1998:3) that young children do not come to the language classroom empty handed but they bring with them on already well established set of instinct, skills and characteristic which will help them to learn another language.
In teaching English to children the teacher should pay attention not only to how the right implementation of the techniques used but also on how these techniques are suited to the elementary students‟ characteristics. It is the target to create the teaching learning process becoming interesting and understanding to the children in order to reach the learning goal. To meet the goal, many teaching techniques can be implemented, one of them is using story. By listening to the story, some important skills can be developed such as prediction, guessing, message decoding and assimilate new vocabulary.
Story can allow students to be creative and imaginative and also give students a sense of achievement. Story can be applied through telling and reading. Story telling activities are a great way to allow students to express themselves freely and creatively in an authentic and real way. According to Taylor 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (2000:16), story telling is relating to tale one or more listener through voice and gestures.
Oral telling terms use to get much simpler language; in addition, the sentences are generally shorter. With oral telling, we usually repeat things more redundancy, especially if the students are having difficulty to follow the story. Telling story needs much time and energy, but different with story book reading, it is very simple and very efficient technique because the teacher only reads the text on that book. From the above explanation, the writer is interested in conducting the research in titled “Teaching vocabulary to primary school children through stories.” 2 Aims of the study This research is conducted to: 1.
Find primary school students‟ perceived difficulties in learning English vocabulary. Investigate primary school students‟ attitudes toward teaching vocabulary through telling stories. The investigation was carried out in three classes of 5th grade at Dinh Tien Hoang primary school. 3 Research questions Base on the aims of the study, we need to answer the following questions: 1.
What are the 5th grade students‟ self – reported difficulties in learning English vocabulary? 2. What are students‟ attitudes toward teaching vocabulary through telling story? 4 Method of study In order to achieve the aims mentioned above, both qualitative and 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com quantitative methods are used. 5 Design of the study The study has 3 parts. Each part deals with different aspects of the study: Part I deals with the introduction of the study.
Part II consists of 2 chapters and in chapter I, the writer focuses on some main points: the role of vocabulary in learning and teaching English, the importance and the characteristics of teaching vocabulary to primary children through stories. Chapter II is related to the investigation into the quality of teaching vocabulary through stories. In part III, there are some recommendations for effective use of stories in teaching methods. Moreover, the conclusion in which the writer summaries all the main points studied and then some suggestions for further study are presented.
5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Part II: Development Chapter 1: Literature review 1.1 Vocabulary in language teaching and learning 1.1 Definition of vocabulary There have been many different definitions of vocabulary. Wilkins (1972:11) gave his ideas about vocabulary: „Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed‟. In other words, vocabulary is an important part of language learning and the human existence, without which no communication can be successful. According to the Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary (2000:1011), vocabulary is defined as „words known to a person or used by a particular language book, subject‟ and „total number words that make up a language‟.
The precious value of vocabulary is mainly for the students in that they reinforce key concepts. Moreover, Nation (2001: 103) also pointed out that: „Knowing a word means knowing at least its form, its meaning and its basic usages‟. Thus, learning English vocabulary is not quite simple to learn a word. It means students have to learn many things concerning with that word such as its forms, its meanings, and its usages.
Even if we learn a word, it takes a lot of practice and context connections for us to learn it well. However, the writer completely agrees with the definitions of Nation because it gives us an overview about vocabulary. There are many different opinions about this and in fact, vocabulary represents a major component of language learning, teaching and help students can understand lesson. Vocabulary plays an important role in teaching process 6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com and it is similar the first key to open the door of learning a second language for the learners.2 The role of vocabulary in English teaching and learning.
Vocabulary‟s place among language learning goals has general goals and specific goals. According to Nation the goals of language learning can be summarized as shown in the Figure 1. General Goals Specific Goals Language items Pronunciation Vocabulary Grammatical construction Ideas (content) Subject matter knowledge Cultural knowledge Skills Accuracy Fluency Strategies Process skills Text (discourse) Conservational discourse rules Text schemata Figure 1: General and specific goals for language learning from Nation’s ideas. From the table above, vocabulary represents a major component of language learning and teaching.
Learning vocabulary is one of the first steps of learning a second language, yet one never reaches the last step of vocabulary acquisition. According to Webster‟s Third New International Dictionary which is the largest non-historical dictionary of English, and Nation (1990:176): „English contains 114,000 word families‟. This is too 7 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com large a number to be a goal for even a very hardworking leaner. Thus the question is what to learn and how to learn a manageable and usable amount of vocabulary.
Moreover, vocabulary is an essential constituent of second language acquisition. An extensive vocabulary aids expressions and communication. Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary.