VIETNAM NATIONAL DNIVERSITY, HANOGL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDLES 'LA THANH HINH THE IMPLEMENTATION GF CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING TECIINIQUE ON GRAMMAR TEACIIING TO A CLASS OF SECOND-YEAR NON-MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI NATIONAL UNVIERSITY OF EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY (Vận dụng thủ thuật xây dựng nhận thức ý nghĩa trong việc dạy ngữ phán cho một lớp sinh viên năm thú hai không chuyên ở Trưởng Đại Học Sư Phạm Hà Nội: Điển cứu) PROGRAMI M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 66 14 10 Tlanoi, 2010 VIETNAM NATIONAL DNIVERSITY, HANOGL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDLES 'LA THANH HINH THE IMPLEMENTATION GF CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING TECIINIQUE ON GRAMMAR TEACIIING TO A CLASS OF SECOND-YEAR NON-MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI NATIONAL UNVIERSITY OF EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY (Vận dụng thủ thuật xây dựng nhận thức ý nghĩa trong việc dạy ngữ phán cho một lớp sinh viên năm thú hai không chuyên ở Trưởng Đại Học Sư Phạm Hà Nội: Điễn cứu) PROGRAMI M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 6014 16 Supervisor: Phung [la Thanh, M.A Hanoi, 2010 iv TABLE OF CONTENT TNERODUCTION 1. Rationales of the study 1.
Rescarch problems and questions 2 1. Scope of the siuủy,.4, Methodology of the study Nos 1. Significance of the study 1. Organization of the thesis.
CILAPTER |: LITERATURE REVIEW in 1. Different pproachos to graunar tcaoling.cec sec ln L. Zero-grammar approach versus form-focused approachôs.2, Deduetive versus inductive approach wD 1.1, The concept of consciousness-1aising. Characteristics of consciousness-raising jc 1.
Consciousnx s-raising in relation lo differenL approaches to grammar teaching.4, Conseiousness-raising versus practice 1. The role af practice in second language teaching 1. The role of consciousness-raising in sceond language Icaming. Studies on learners’ preferences to inductive consciousness-raising tasks.
Studies on effectiveness of induclive consciousness-raising tasks. The context and subjects. The suibjeefs of the study. The researcher role.1, Pre-treatment questionnaire 2.
5) To what extent did students succeed in discovering the target miles? 6) To what extend, did they remember the rules that they had discovered by themselves? 3. Scope of the study Consciousness-raising is a broad idea which can be applied to various fields of teaching and consciousness-raising itself can be either inductive or deductive. The consciousness-raising implemented in this study is grammatical consciousucss-raising, which is conducted inductively through six hypothesis making and testing steps ‘The implementation of consciousness-raising lasks, takes place wilhin [hrc Jessons of grammar, The first two lessons involve the rules of meaning regarding present continuous tense and modal verb “would”. ‘Lhe third lesson deals with formal rules of indirect question.
‘The study primarily focuses on studying grammatical conscious-raising fom learners' perspectives. It also investigates how effective grammatical conseiousness- Taising is. The two aspects of ffectivencss investigated arc learners’ ability lo discover the target grammar rules and their retention of explicit knowledge after the implementation. ‘The subjects irr foous are undergraduate students having the pre-inlcrrnedisle evel of proficiency in English.
They are English non-major students at Hanoi National University of Education. 4, Methodology of the study "This is a study on grammatical consoiousness-Taising from leamers’ perspective The subjects were a graup of lwenly-ning Engtish nonemajor undergraduate studenks whose levels of English were pre-intermediate or below. The implementation of three grammar lessons with consciousness-taising tasks was conducted in three consecutive weeks, Data were collceted before and after the implementation from pre-trcatment and post-treatment questionnaires, An additional data collection tool was a collection of 2. Collection of worksheets.
20 CHAPTER3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. Which lypes of learning (ihe inductive consciousness-raising or the deductive approach) did the students prefer bafore and after the implementation?. What are the possible reasons for their preferences? - wd 3. Reasons for the preference of deductive learning.
Reasons for the preference of induetive consciousness-raising. How different were students’ evaluations on inductive consciousness-raising and deductive learning? - - ae) 3. In tenns öFirlerestingness. In terms of difficulty.
In terms of usefulness - oe BS 3. What wore students’ opinions about learning grammar mules without practiec? 25 3. To what extent did students succeed in discovering the target miles? .1, Success rales from the analysis of worksheets a) 3.2, Success rates from the analysis of students’ self-reflection 28 3.3, Faihure rates in coitparison. Reasons for failure.
Success rales amd the difficully degrees in comparison. To what extend, did they remember the rules that they had discovered by themselves? - - 31 3. Test results and success rates in COMpaTSOR. sen cneenenneesneenaeereSd CONCLUSION AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS a BF A.
Summary of main findings - coud B, Implications C. Limitations and suggestions for further research.36 REFERENCES - - 38 APPENDICES students’ worksheets. The type of data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics. Significance of the study Tn the Grst place, the research is expected ta inlensify the rescarcher’s ‘understanding of grammatical consciousness-maising, thus improving her own teaching quality.
Secondly, it is hoped to inspire other teachers of English to carry out further investigations into consciousness-raising, so that it can be cmployed cffectively and widely in English language teaching. Organization af the thesis “Phe first part, Introduction, briefly introduce the rationales, research questions, methodology. scope and significance of the study. ‘The main patt of this paper is designed with throe chapters as follows: Chapter 1, the Literature Review, offers the theoretical background to this study by reviewing different approaches lo grammar teaching and discussing a umber of studies on leamers” prefzrences and effectiveness of grammatical consciousness-raising.
Chapter 2, the Methodology. reports the design of the study, the subjects, the data collection insiruments used for this study and the statistical method to analyze the data, Chapter 3, the Findings and Discussion, provides an analysis of the data, the interpretation of the rosulis end discus: ne prominent arising from the study results "The last part, Conelusion, draws pedagogical implications including a mmber of Teconmondations for university tcachsrs of English lo use consciousness-raising tasks in teaching grammar rules, It also points cut some limitations of the study and suggestions for further investigations themselves then they are making significant steps towards being self-relrant and independent. Furthermore, inductive consciousness-raising involves problem-solving activities, which are believed to be stimulating and motivating to the majority of leamers In terms of effectiveness, inductive learning involves great mental effort, and learners arc actively engaged in the memning-making process, consequently they are more attentive and attain greater retention of the knowledge acquired. ‘Though grammatical consciousness-raising tasks have a firm base in second Janguage acquisition rescarch and have become popular among theorists, they have not been widely used by practitioners.
There are several reasons accounting for this fact Some tcachers arc afraid that carers may nol profer the idca of discovering rules by themselves for they nommally expect to get knowledge trom their teachers. Some project that learners may feel frustrated when learning without practice. Others are concemed if inductive consciousness-raising is effective for learners with low levels of English ‘because it is suggested by some rescarchers that learners nocd cnough proficiency to perform consciousness-raising tasks. ‘'his paper describes a study to investigate whether this expectation has any basis.
Research problems and questions ‘The study purposes lo invastigaic leamers? preferenees between the inductive conscious-raising and the tracitional deductive approach to grammar teaching, reasons for their liking, their evalnations on two types of leaming, their opinions regarding Joarning without practice, and the offecti s pf inductive consciousness-raising lasks Specifically, the study aims to address the following questions: 1) Which types of learning (the inductive consciousness-raising or the deductive approach) did the students prefor before andl after the implementation? 2 What are the possible reasons for their preferences? Tow different were students’ evaluations on inductive consciousness-raising 2 and deductive Icarning? 4 What were students’ opinions about leaming grammar rules without practice? students’ worksheets. The type of data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics. Significance of the study Tn the Grst place, the research is expected ta inlensify the rescarcher’s ‘understanding of grammatical consciousness-maising, thus improving her own teaching quality. Secondly, it is hoped to inspire other teachers of English to carry out further investigations into consciousness-raising, so that it can be cmployed cffectively and widely in English language teaching.
Organization af the thesis “Phe first part, Introduction, briefly introduce the rationales, research questions, methodology. scope and significance of the study. ‘The main patt of this paper is designed with throe chapters as follows: Chapter 1, the Literature Review, offers the theoretical background to this study by reviewing different approaches lo grammar teaching and discussing a umber of studies on leamers” prefzrences and effectiveness of grammatical consciousness-raising. Chapter 2, the Methodology.
reports the design of the study, the subjects, the data collection insiruments used for this study and the statistical method to analyze the data, Chapter 3, the Findings and Discussion, provides an analysis of the data, the interpretation of the rosulis end discus: ne prominent arising from the study results "The last part, Conelusion, draws pedagogical implications including a mmber of Teconmondations for university tcachsrs of English lo use consciousness-raising tasks in teaching grammar rules, It also points cut some limitations of the study and suggestions for further investigations students’ worksheets. The type of data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics. Significance of the study Tn the Grst place, the research is expected ta inlensify the rescarcher’s ‘understanding of grammatical consciousness-maising, thus improving her own teaching quality. Secondly, it is hoped to inspire other teachers of English to carry out further investigations into consciousness-raising, so that it can be cmployed cffectively and widely in English language teaching.
Organization af the thesis “Phe first part, Introduction, briefly introduce the rationales, research questions, methodology. scope and significance of the study. ‘The main patt of this paper is designed with throe chapters as follows: Chapter 1, the Literature Review, offers the theoretical background to this study by reviewing different approaches lo grammar teaching and discussing a umber of studies on leamers” prefzrences and effectiveness of grammatical consciousness-raising. Chapter 2, the Methodology.
reports the design of the study, the subjects, the data collection insiruments used for this study and the statistical method to analyze the data, Chapter 3, the Findings and Discussion, provides an analysis of the data, the interpretation of the rosulis end discus: ne prominent arising from the study results "The last part, Conelusion, draws pedagogical implications including a mmber of Teconmondations for university tcachsrs of English lo use consciousness-raising tasks in teaching grammar rules, It also points cut some limitations of the study and suggestions for further investigations 5) To what extent did students succeed in discovering the target miles? 6) To what extend, did they remember the rules that they had discovered by themselves? 3. Scope of the study Consciousness-raising is a broad idea which can be applied to various fields of teaching and consciousness-raising itself can be either inductive or deductive. The consciousness-raising implemented in this study is grammatical consciousucss-raising, which is conducted inductively through six hypothesis making and testing steps ‘The implementation of consciousness-raising lasks, takes place wilhin [hrc Jessons of grammar, The first two lessons involve the rules of meaning regarding present continuous tense and modal verb “would”. ‘Lhe third lesson deals with formal rules of indirect question.
‘The study primarily focuses on studying grammatical conscious-raising fom learners' perspectives. It also investigates how effective grammatical conseiousness- Taising is. The two aspects of ffectivencss investigated arc learners’ ability lo discover the target grammar rules and their retention of explicit knowledge after the implementation. ‘The subjects irr foous are undergraduate students having the pre-inlcrrnedisle evel of proficiency in English.
They are English non-major students at Hanoi National University of Education. 4, Methodology of the study "This is a study on grammatical consoiousness-Taising from leamers’ perspective The subjects were a graup of lwenly-ning Engtish nonemajor undergraduate studenks whose levels of English were pre-intermediate or below.