THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DAM THI HOA TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT IN NUOC HAI TOWN - HOA AN DISTRICT CAO BANG PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2010 - 2015 Thai Nguyen, 23/01/2015 i n Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name DAM THI HOA Student ID DTN1053040049 Thesis Title Assessment of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town, Hoa An district, Cao Bang province. Tran Van Dien Abstract Nowadays, domestic waste is an urgent problem that we are facing. There are many reasons of domestic waste but the main cause is due to the production activities and human consciousness. Especially, in daily life, the huge amount of domestic waste that people discharge which is not treated promptly will cause adverse effects.
Residential, hospitals, schools, markets… are considered as main sources of domestic waste, particularly the area town where the need of daily garbage consumption of people is very large. The large demand for using garbage means that high amount of solid waste will be discharge. Untreated or not thoroughly treated garbage which is released from landfill has a bad smell for the people living nearby the landfill. Likewise, domestic waste can have negative impacts such as: affect the water environment, soil, air and urban landscape in the town, affecting the health of people and the surrounding environment.
Besides the management of domestic waste is still loose, the environment awareness of people is not high, the status of litter occurs still frequently. The town is populated place, therefore the amount of garbage of people's daily to discharge environment is increasing. Garbage treatment method mainly uses simple methods such as bury and burning. In addition, methods of biological composting manure also used quite common in our country.
Key words: Domestic waste, solid waste, domestic waste management, treatment, collected, transported. Number of pages: 71 Date of submission: 23/01/ 2015 ii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the process of implementing the research topics: "Assessment of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town -Hoa An district, Cao Bang province-" I got the guide and help, encouragement of the teachers and the students. I would like to express sincere gratitude to: First and foremost, I wish to express sincere thanks to the Director Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, board of managers of International Training and Development Center and all the teachers have dedicated teaching, the scientific knowledge and the valuable experience for me during the training period, learning in school. In particular, I take this opportunity to express profound gratitude and deep regards to the supervisor Dr.
Tran Van Dien who guided wholeheartedly, to advise, imparted knowledge and valuable experience to help me during the study and completed thesis. Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to her uncle, elder brother and elder sister officers in Division of Natural Resources and Environment - Hoa An district during the implementing the research topic at the agency and to thanks to the officers of the People's Committee of Nuoc Hai town and the whole households have helped me during the investigation, interviewing, collecting data on Nuoc Hai area towns. Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship. Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes.
I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis more perfectly. Thank you very much! Thai Nguyen, 23/01/ 2015 Student Dam Thi Hoa iii n TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.1 LIST OF TABLES.2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. The general objective. The specific objective.
Research questions and hypotheses. Scientific basis of topics. Concepts related to waste. Generations sources and domestic waste classification.
Classification of domestic waste. Effect of domestic waste on the environment and human. The effect of domestic waste on the environment. The effect of domestic waste on public health.
Domestic waste reduces the urban landscape. The legal basis. Factual basis of the topics. Status of domestic waste in the world.
The management and treatment of garbage in the world. Status of domestic waste in Vietnam. The situation of management and treatment in Vietnam. Some of the methods and the garbage treatment technology in Vietnam.
Waste management situation in some provinces in the country. Status of domestic waste in Hoa An District - Cao Bang Province. Study secondary data. Collecting primary data.
Determining the volume and composition of waste. Data analysis and processing. Natural and socio-economic conditions in Nuoc Hai town- Hoa An disttict - Cao Bang province. The socio-economic characteristics of the Nuoc Hai town.
Population and population distribution. Security order problems. The collection system and waste disposal. Assessment the status of domestic waste collection in Nuoc Hai town.
Source of domestic waste generated in Nuoc Hai town. The amount of waste generated and the components of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town. The amount of waste generated. The components of waste in town.
Status of the management, collection and transportation of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town. Assessment of domestic waste management issues and treatment in Nuoc Hai town. The process of landfill and treatment. Assessment of community awareness about the management of domestic waste.
Proposed solutions improve the efficiency of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town.63 PART V: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .70 vi n LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Chart source of waste generated. Diagram of waste treatment technology of U. Technology of domestic waste disposal in China.
Diagram of technology of domestic waste processing, Plant of organic fertilizer Cau Dien - Hanoi. Diagram of garbage collection system is being applied. The components of garbage in the town. Diagram organizations structure of urban environment branch Hoa An district.
The process of collection and transportation of garbage in Nuoc Hai town. Landfill in Nuoc Hai town. Some illustrations of dust-hole.65 1 n LIST OF TABLES Table 2. The definition components of domestic solid waste (DSW).
The amount of solid waste generated in some countries. The amount of solid waste generated in urban areas in Vietnam. The situation of solid waste generated in our country (by geographic region). The situation of waste collection in Nuoc Hai district in the recent years (tons/year).
Land use status in Nuoc Hai town. The volume of domestic waste generated from the sources. The volume of waste generated in Nuoc Hai town. The average volume of garbage generated from households.
The components of garbage in the town. The human resources serve for the collection, managing and disposal of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town. The level of fees environmental sanitation collected in Nuoc Hai area towns. Assessment of population community about management system of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town (%) .61 2 n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning DW Domestic waste DSW Domestic solid waste EM Effective Microorganism JICA The Japan International Cooperation Agency MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 3 n PART I.
Research rationale In recent years, the economic and social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, many lives have been improved. Our country is in the process of industrialization, development and modernization and has made great achievements in many fields. Along with the rapid progress of the country, the goal of conserving the environment always has been the one of the main interest of different Parties and the entire State. Environmental protection is both objective and one of the basic content for sustainable development concerns.
However, the population and socio-economic growth rate are both growing, people must adopt and their lives should be improved as well in response to the changes, advancements and progress. On the other hand, the demands and or daily consumption of everybody are getting bigger; hence, the volume of domestic waste is increasing which indeed causes many serious problems concerning environment protection. In Vietnam, in recent years environmental pollution situation has become serious and most commonly lead to degradation of land, water, air, especially in the large places like urban areas. The amount of waste is increasing that greatly affect the environmental landscape - changes resulting to negative tendencies and direct impact on the lives of many people.
Currently, environmental pollution is an urgent matter in almost every country around the world. Nowadays, there are many methods to deal with, to mitigate the consequences of this matter. In particular, the handling and garbage collection meet many difficulties regarding both means and methods. Domestic waste is currently one of the major problems of environmental pollution.
Domestic waste management is one of the top issues in our community which contributes a lot to many challenges of today’s environment. Nowadays, the 4 n issue of environmental protection and waste management activities are becoming more urgent, and this must be a concern of the entire society and community. However, if management is done sustainably and reasonable reuse of domestic waste will be a source of cheap raw materials; this will bring economic benefits to many individuals and contribute greatly to environmental protection and save the earth’s natural resources. Nuoc Hai town are the center political culture of Hoa An district, Nuoc Hai towns are sector which has shown strong economic growth.
However, the current status of general waste and domestic waste in particular, have not been fully evaluated and audited, Provided that this leads to difficulty in collection and waste management, no appropriate measures on proper disposal which in return still protecting the environment at the same time. So in the assessment of the current status of the management and treatment of household waste is one of the vital problems of Nuoc Hai town. Therefore the research topic: “Assessment of Domestic Waste Management and Treatment in Nuoc Hai town - Hoa An district - Cao Bang province” was conducted in Nuoc Hai town under the guidance of Dr. Tran Van Dien - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry.
General objective The general objectives of this project is to assess the current of domestic waste management and treatment in the Nuoc Hai town area, and then proposes a number of measures in accordance with the conditions of the town to mitigate environmental pollution caused by the domestic waste. Specific objective + To evaluate of domestic waste management status and treatment in the Nuoc Hai town area. 5 n + To assess the awareness of the communities and people about domestic waste management. + To propose some solutions to manage the domestic waste in a sustainable way.
Research questions and hypotheses 1. What is the current status of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town? 2. How to manage and treat domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town? 3. What are solutions to manage domestic waste in study area? 1.
Significance + The meaning of learning and scientific research - Application of the knowledge gained from the school into reality. - Enhance practical skills. - Accumulation of work experience after graduation. - Advanced knowledge on research and find reference material to gain efficiency.
+ Practical implication -Assessing the amount of waste generated; collection situation, management and disposal of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town area. + Proposed management measures, domestic waste disposal in accordance with the actual conditions of the town. + Raising awareness of the local people on the issues of environmental protection. Limitations The study cannot include all the management issues and treatment of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town area.
Because the short time study, the thesis was restricted by many factors in the survey and investigation process about the garbage in the study area. Scientific basis of topics 2.