THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY TRUONG BACH PHUONG NAM ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS' PERSPECTIVES ON ORGANIC TEA CULTIVATION AT TAN LINH COMMUNE, DAI TU DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science And Management Faculty: International Program Office Batch: 2016 - 2020 Thai Nguyen, 27/11/2020 Luan van Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name TRUONG BACH PHUONG NAM Student ID DTN1654290013 Assessment of farmers' perspectives on organic tea Thesis title cultivation at Tan Linh Commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province Supervisors NGUYEN HUU THO, PhD. Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: This research has opened up a new direction in the selection of methods and the application of organic farming methods in agriculture, specifically the object of the direct application is tea plants to ensure quality. products and worker health. Organic farming is a production system that maintains the sustainability of the soil, ecosystem and human health.
Organic farming involves the ecological environment, biodiversity and processes that are adapted to local conditions rather than using inputs that have adverse effects. Organic agriculture includes traditional farming methods, innovating and applying science and technology to benefit the environment and promote interactive relationships and quality life. Good quality for all parties involved. Organic tea is the tea that has been cultivated according to the organic agricultural process.
This process does not use chemicals such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides. Farmers use natural wastes such as ii Luan van compost to color the soil and use natural methods to control pests and weeds. The highlight of organic farming is making the soil fertile and rich in protein, preserving minerals in the soil to protect water quality as well as the natural environment. The most important point is that this agricultural process is to balance the natural ecosystem.
Indirectly provides crop nutrition by using relatively insoluble sources of nutrients provided to plants by the action of microorganisms in the soil. Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and bio-nitrogen fixation as well as the organic recycling of organic materials including crop residues and animal manure. Control of weeds, diseases and pests is largely based on crop rotation, natural predators, diversity, organic, disease-resistant varieties and thermal interference. Keywords: Organic tea cultivation, Organic agriculture, Household Page numbers: 51 Date of submission 27/11/2020 iii Luan van ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The graduate internship is very important for students, to improve their capacity and knowledge after studying at the school.
After 4 months of practice and completion of the graduation thesis, although still facing many difficulties and many obstacles, with the support from family, teachers and friends helped me complete the thesis: During the graduation and completion of the topic, I have received a lot of help from my tutor and everyone in the organic team in Tan Linh commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province. I would like to thank the aunts in the working group who are always enthusiastic to help, instruct and create the opportunity for me to participate in the work to have all the facilities and information to complete the task well. I sincerely thank teacher Dr Nguyen Huu Tho enthusiastically guides and helps me throughout the time I am working on the topic. Thanks also to Teachers of Advanced Education Program who have devotedly taught me the knowledge and support me during the long learning.
Finally, I would like to wish you good health, happiness and success in your teaching path. During the practice period, although I tried my best, I lacked enough knowledge and experience, so it was unavoidable. I hope that the teachers and friends give additional comments to make my graduation thesis more complete. Thank you sincerely.
Thai Nguyen, 30 June 2018 Student Truong Bach Phuong Nam iv Luan van TABLES OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLES. 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Research questions and hypotheses.
Significance of the Study. Students: Research results can be used for secondary data for research and students' level of understanding. Local people: Research results can be used as information to encourage people to naturally change their behavior by applying the organic method in tea productivity. General Concept of Organic Agriculture.
The role of organic agriculture in the environment. For the environment. General requirements in organic agriculture production. Irrigation water sources and irrigation systems.
Type of tree. Prevent pests and diseases. Planting and care. Principles of organic farming.
Overview of Organic Agriculture. Overview of Organic Agriculture in the world. Overview of Organic Agriculture in Viet Nam. The situation of tea production in the world and Vietnam.
The situation of tea production in the world. The situation of tea production in Vietnam. Trends in organic tea production in Vietnam. Organic Tea Farming Knowledge, Views, and Agency.
Factors affecting people's perception of organic tea conversion service 26 2. 27 PART III: METHODOLOGY. Socio-economic situation. 31 vi Luan van 3.
34 PART IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Characteristics of surveyed households. Tea cultivated areas and varieties of tea-producing households in the study area. Tea production situation of producing households in the study area.
Tea collection method of households in the study area. Regarding tea consumption markets of researched households. The input production costs of tea producers of research households. Analysis of tea production efficiency of research households.
Evaluate producers' perspectives on organic tea. Advantages, disadvantages and some solutions to develop organic tea in the research area. Advantages and disadvantages. 55 vii Luan van LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Map of Dai Tu district.
A land area for industrial processing of Vietnam from 2007 to 2014. 19 Figure 3: Location maps research area. 29 1 Luan van LIST OF TABLES Table 1: A land area for industrial processing of Vietnam from 2007 to 2014. 18 Table 2: General characteristics of the group of surveyed households.
36 Table 3: Structure of tea cultivated land and varieties of tea-producing households in the study area. 37 Table 4: Tea production situation of surveyed households. 39 Table 5: Tea collection and consumption method of producing households. 40 Table 6: Form of tea consumption by surveyed households.
41 Table 7: The average input cost of an organic tea rod /year for organic tea producing. 42 Table 8: Tea production efficiency of research households averagely per Rod /year. 43 Table 9: Producers' views on organic tea production. 44 Table 10: The reason for agreeing to convert to organic tea production of research households.
45 Table 11: The reason for not participating in the conversion to organic tea production of the research households. 46 2 Luan van LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IFOAM International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement FIBL FORCE net Implementation Baseline EU EUROPEAN UNION Viet Gap Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices K20 POTASIUM OXIDE P205 Phosphorus pentoxide Kg Kilogram Rod Equal: 360 square meters ADDA Agricultural Development Denmark Asia pH PONDUS HYDROGENII ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 3 Luan van PART I. Research rationale Population pressure is increasing, the land fund for agricultural production has been continuously narrowed. To meet the food and food demands of humans and livestock, the world has strongly developed new farming methods and modern technology in both livestock and farming, bringing productivity high, temporarily solve the food security problem.
However, the use of advanced and high-tech measures combined with the use of a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. for a long time has caused adverse effects. ecosystem, which limits the functions of the environment, especially the soil and water environment., 2017) At present, many models of cultivation in the direction of highly intensive farming have been developed in deltas or areas where the land has good productivity and initial efficiency has brought about success. However, the techniques of intensive farming, improper intercropping for a long time have gradually lost soil fertility, the nutrient content has been seriously reduced, trace elements are washed away or lost (Pretty, 2015).
When used up, the buffering capacity of the soil environment is broken and changes in soil pH increase, causing the soil flora and soil microorganisms to be destroyed, developing insects, weeds and resistant bacteria. pesticides; Erosion and leaching processes occurred strongly (Weibull, 2012) The current prevalence of highly intensive agriculture is an urgent issue and needs to be changed. Due to the environmental consequences of unreasonable farming models in the past, along with the development of science and technology, people realize 4 Luan van that a new direction, a new way to deal with is needed. the urgent problem above (Altieri, 2004).
A new farming model has been formed and applied directly, that is, organic agriculture. Organic agricultural production is produced according to the principles specified in the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), to ensure the ecosystem of plants and animals. creating quality products that are safe for users, economical, and maintain and improve soil fertility. This is the method of growing vegetables, fruits.
not to use harmful chemicals in plant protection to control pests, diseases, weeds, as well as chemical fertilizers, the production focuses on balancing the ecosystem in nature. According to IFOAM, the role of organic agriculture in farming, processing, distribution or consumption is aimed at maintaining the health of ecosystems and organisms including the smallest organisms living in the soil. Organic farming will improve and maintain the natural landscape and agricultural ecosystem, avoid overexploitation, pollute the environment in nature, and minimize the use of energy and non-renewable sources for production. produce non-toxic food, of high quality, while ensuring, maintaining and increasing soil fertility in the long term, reinforcing biological cycles in the farm, especially the cycle Nutrition, plant protection is based on prevention instead of a cure, to diversify crops and animals to suit local conditions.
Reganold, 2016) Thai Nguyen is a province in the Northeastern region, a major socio- economic center of the Northeast region, and also in the Northern Midlands and Mountains with favorable natural conditions, the especially natural preferential 5 Luan van course on climate and land. Thai Nguyen has a wide range of possibilities for agroforestry, industry, tourism and other types of services. The natural forest area of the province is 102,190 ha, plantation forest area is about 44,450 ha. This is a great advantage for the development of raw material forests for processing artificial wood, processing for making paper materials.
The area of agricultural land in the whole province accounts for 23% of the natural area. The annual crops are mainly tea trees. (TNDT, 2015) Figure 1: The Map of Dai Tu district (Source: daitu.vn) 6 Luan van Dai Tu is a mountainous district located in the northwest of Thai Nguyen province. According to statistics, by the end of 2015, Dai Tu's tea area being harvested is more than 7,000 hectares, accounting for 1/3 of the tea area.
of Thai Nguyen province, and is the second-largest tea area in comparison to other tea- growing districts in the country, only after Bao Loc district of Lam Dong province. Besides, Dai Tu district has mechanisms, policies, and constructions to promote the development of agricultural production in the direction of specialized farming, the formation of concentrated agricultural production areas, and regulations on farm management. especially about converting to high-quality farming. In which, Tan Linh commune is the pioneer in applying the organic farming model to tea tree.
But the application of organic agricultural production models still faces many difficulties, such as product branding, lead time and productivity. Along with that are the hot environmental issues here when applying the agricultural production model in Tan Linh commune, Dai Tu district. So, I decided to proceed with the topic: Assessment of farmers' perspectives on organic tea cultivation at Tan Linh Commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province.