VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN HUU HOE EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) SOLUTIONS IN REPAIRING/STRENGTHENING OF STEEL BRIDGES IN VIETNAM MAJOR: INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING CODE: RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: Associate Prof. LUONG XUAN BINH Hanoi, 2019 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the very beginning, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Vietnam National University - Vietnam Japan University (VJU) that gave me the chance to learning and studying. VJU gives me a modern international and professional environment. The studying opportunity which I had at Vietnam Japan University was a great chance for learning and professional development.
Therefore, I consider myself a very lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals who led me through this studying and researching period. The studying time at VJU is a really valuable time for me. I express my deepest thanks and gratefulness to Assoc.
Luong Xuan Binh for his careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for my study both theoretically and practically. I choose this moment to acknowledge his contribution gratefully. I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to Prof. Miyajima in Kanazawa University who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing me to carry out my research at his lab and extending during the internship.
It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of gratitude to Prof. Nguyen Dinh Duc, Prof. Hironori Kato, Prof. Dao Nhu Mai, Dr.
Phan Le Binh, Dr. Nguyen Tien Dung, and all professors, lecturers from the program of Infrastructures Engineering for their useful orientations and their willing advices to help me complete this thesis. Sincerely yours, Nguyen Huu Hoe LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES. iv LIST OF CHARTS .v LIST OF TABLES.
vi LIST OF NOMENCLATURES AND ABBREVIATIONS. vii UNIT OF SI SYSTEM. The necessary of the study. The objective of the study.
The object and scope of the study. The layout of the thesis .3 Chapter 1 : LITERATURE REVIEW .4 Chapter 2 : OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL ISSUES OF REPAIRING AND STRENGTHENING STEEL BRIDGE STRUCTURE IN VIETNAM. Typical forms of damages of steel bridge structure in Vietnam. Traditional solutions to repair and reinforce steel bridges.
Some methods of reinforcing the steel span structure. Technical requirements of steel bridge repair and reinforcement. Develop criteria for selecting FRP materials for the repair and reinforcement of steel bridges .14 Chapter 3 : SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES USING FRP MATERIALS IN REPAIRING, STRENGTHENING STEEL STRUCTURE AND ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SOLUTIONS. Experiment 1: Experiment on glue resistance of TYFO WS.
Processing experimental data. Comment and conclusion on experimental results. Experiment 2: Bending test of steel samples reinforced with FRP materials .28 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Processing experimental data.
Comment and conclusion on experimental results. Conclusion of technical efficiency .42 Chapter 4 : EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLUTIONS USING FRP MATERIALS ON REPAIRING STEEL BRIDGE STRUCTURE IN VIETNAM, CASE STUDY LONG BIEN BRIDGE. Causes and deterioration of Long Bien Bridge. Overview of history, operation of Long Bien Bridge.
Damaged condition of the Long Bien bridge. Protection and reinforcement measures have been used. Use U-shaped steel plate to cover the collar beam. Use steel plates to compensate for corrosion, puncture with welding or rivets for bonding.
Then use special paint to paint on. Replace collar beam by new one. Develop solutions for repairing and strengthening Long Bien Bridge. The advantages of repair and reinforcement with FRP materials.
Select FRP materials following the criteria and technical requirements:. Calculation and design of reinforcement solutions for Long Bien bridge collar beams using FRP-Tyfo materials. Estimate the unit price for methods of repairing and reinforcement collar beams of Long Bien bridge. Bases for calculation of repair and reinforcement prices.
Volume of repair and reinforcement methods. Unit price for methods of repairing and reinforcement collar beams of Long Bien bridge. Analysis, evaluation of economic efficiency .80 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1 Repair the crack in steel structures .2 Corrosion in steel structures.3 Flatting steel structures .1 Model of pulling test on compressed tractor multimeter HFM .2 Simulation image of Tyfo WS foundation adhesion structure .3 Creating test samples for pulling test .4 Sample after maintenance .5 Sample of test before pulling .6 Pull the sample on the machine .7 Experimental samples were split when pulled .8 Model of bending reinforced thick steel beams .9 Model of bending reinforced thin steel beams with two layers .10 Model of bending reinforced thin steel beams with three layers .11 Thick beams and thin beams after maintenance .12 Bending steel beams on compressors with .13 Model of bending steel beams .1 Picture of Long Bien Bridge .2 Rail way of Long Bien Bridge .3 Horizontal/collar beam of Long Bien Bridge .4 Damaged image of the upper flange .5 Describe damage on the upper flange .6 The damage of web of beam of Long Bien Bridge.7 Description of web’s damage.8 Description of lower flange’s damage .9 U-shape steel structure .10 Method of steel plate and protective coating .11 Construction method to replace collar beams .12 Original I section and force components .13 Cross section severely damaged by 20% and forces .14 Cross section damaged by 10% and forces .15 Cross section damaged by 5% and forces .16 The figure shows the size of the collar beam.17 The area reinforced by gluing stell plates method .18 The area reinforced by FRP material method .69 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v LIST OF CHARTS Page Chart 3.1 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 1 .2 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 2 .3 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 3 .4 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 4 .5 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 5 .6 Experiment to determine the pulling force -Sample 6 .7 Load and deformation relationship of bending test .8 Force and deflection relationship of thin beams .37 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Criteria of FRP material .1 Record the test results of pulling test samples without sand blasting .2 Record the test results of pulling test .3 Experimental data of thick steel beam bending test .4 Maximum stress sheet of steel and FRP sheets .5 Compare the load value of beams at the same deflection .6 Table of data for calculation of thin beams reinforced with FRP sheet .7 Calculate the maximum stress on thin steel beams .8 The maximum stress table on thin beams is reinforced with 2 layers .9 The maximum stress table on thin beams is reinforced with 3 layers .1 Parameters of Tyfo SCH - 41.2 Parameters of Epoxy Tyfo S .3 Calculation for number of FRP layer (Group I-20%) .4 Calculation for number of FRP layer (Group II-10%) .5 Calculation for number of FRP layer (Group III-5%) .6 Price of materials, labours, equipments .7 Calculate the weigh of horizontal/collar beam .8 Volume of steel plate use for a reinforced collar beam .9 Volume of FRP materials use for a reinforced collar beam .10 Unit price for production and manufacturing collar beams .11 Unit price for dismantling, removing horizontal/collar beam .12 Unit price for install horizontal/collar beam .13 Unit price of paint steel by normal paint .14 Unit price for replace horizontal/collar beam and painting .15 Unit price for attach/glue steel plates.16 Unit price for reinforced collar beam by gluing steel plate method .17 Unit price for cleaning steel surface before attachment .18 Unit price for sticking glass fiber on the steel .19 Unit price for sticking carbon fiber .20 Unit price for painting surface of FRP layer with Tyfo U Coating .21 Unit Price for reinforcement using FRP (for one collar beam) .22 The cost of methods within 50 years .77 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii LIST OF NOMENCLATURES AND ABBREVIATIONS A cross-sectional area b width of rectangle d diameter section E Young module of elasticity FRP fiber reinforcement Polymer J moment of inertia h height L length M bending moment P load effect S static moment Y coordinates of the point of stress versus the neutral axis ε deformation σ stress σch the yield stress of steel σgh the yield stress of FRP n number of FRP layer. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com viii UNIT OF SI SYSTEM Intensity of force mega pascal MPa Length millimeter mm Area squared millimeter mm2 Density gram to cubed centimeter g/cm3 Force newton N Moment of mass cubed millimeter mm3 Moment of inertia millimeter to the power of four mm4 o Temperature Celsius C Stress newton to millimeter square N/mm LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT Through the experience results, the thesis has useful comments on the quality of the processing of steel structure surface to the adhesion effect between epoxy glue and reinforced structure.
This is an important basis to build instructions on construction technology steps to apply FRP materials on steel structures. Experimental research has also evaluated the effect of reinforcing the bearing capacity of FRP materials for steel structures. Through a survey of the deterioration and degradation of Long Bien Bridge, the thesis has proposed a solution to apply FRP materials to repair, reinforce collar beams within the range of train operation of Long Bien bridge. Find out some advantages and disadvantages of using the FRP material method and other traditional methods have been used.
The thesis has proposed a set of criteria to select FRP materials suitable for repairing and strengthening requirements of steel structures in Long Bien Bridge project in particular and steel bridges in Vietnam in general. Research proposed a method of calculation to determine the number of layers of FRP material to reinforce bending capacity for the collar beam’s section of Long Bien Bridge (corresponding to the level of damages 20%, 10%, and 5%). Based on norms, documents, announcements of Vietnam, research has estimated the unit price for three methods of reinforcement, repair for a horizontal/collar beam (replacing collar beams, gluing steel plates and using FRP material). Thereby, comparing the effectiveness of the method of using FRP with the other methods.
Through the calculation of unit prices and comparative analysis, research point out the economic efficiency of the solution using FRP materials, especially if considering the more effective aspects, and other advantages of FRP such as: do not have to stop operation, protecting human health and protect the environment. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. The necessary of the study In Vietnam, hundreds of steel bridges are being degraded and damaged due to many different reasons. It does not ensure conditions for operation and using.
They need to be repaired, upgraded and even replaced the structure. The new replacement method requires huge financial resources that are difficult to meet. Therefore, the repair and reinforcement solution is often considered the most optimal solution. There have been many methods of reinforcement and repair that are proposed, including methods of using FRP materials (carbon fiber, glass fiber and aramid fiber combined with Epoxy glue).
For Vietnam, this is still a new technology solution applied in the last 10 years and is mainly used for repairing and reinforcing reinforced concrete structures. This technology solution has good economic and technical efficiency for reinforced concrete structures.