THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAN NGOC QUYET TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSING THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROPOSE SOLUTIONS TO MANAGE DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE IN YEN BAI CITY, YEN BAI PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2011 - 2015 Thai Nguyen, 30/09/2015 e Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Phan Ngoc Quyet Student ID DTN 1153110137 Assessing the current situation and propose solutions to Thesis title manage domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City, Yen Bai Province Supervisor Assoc. Do ThiLan Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of waste management in the Yen Bai City, Yen BaiProvince, in order to offer appropriate solutions to improve management efficiency. This study analyzes the issues related to domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City such as the characteristics of solid waste, solid waste generation, status of collection, classify, transportation and treatment and reuse of domestic solid waste. Yen Bai City is the political and economic and cultural center of Yen Bai Province is the most densely populated place in the province.
The status of domestic waste management is still inefficient which leads to overlapping of management systems and lack of synchronous investment. In addition, the sense of environmental protection among people is still not good. Therefore, to effectively do the management of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City, appropriate solutions and management strategies should be planned and implemented immediately. Keywords Domestic waste, solid waste, domestic waste management, treatment, collected, transported Number of pages: 58 Date of submission: September 30th, 2015 i e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to express his gratitude to his supervisor, Assoc.
Do Thi Lan for her invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this study. He would also like to extendhis gratitude to the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on waste treatment during the University program to all class attendants. The author also appreciates the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their guidance and assistance. Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to officers in Yen Bai Environmental Protection Agency during the implementation of the research.
Special thanks also goes to the officers of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company. Also, the author would like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of data gathering and interview in Yen Bai city. Finally, the author would like to express his gratitude to his family, and friends who have helped him during the internship. Thank you all very much! i e TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .1 LIST OF TABLES .2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Rationale of the study. Objectives of the study. Significance of the study. Limitations of the study .6 PART II - LITERATURE REVIEW .11 PART III - METHODS.
Objectives and scope of the study. Location and time of study .20 PART IV - RESULTS. Natural and socio-economic conditions in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province. Situational assessment of domestic solid waste management in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province.
Solution proposed to increase efficiency of domestic solid waste management in Yen Bai city .40 PART V - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.49 Appendix 1: Sample survey.49 Appendix 2: Photos from field’s study.52 Appendix 3: Households survey results .55 iii e LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1- Central solid wastes management system diagram. 2- Diagram State management system about DSW in Yen Bai. 3- The methods of solid waste treatment.
1- Yen Bai city map. 2- The percentage of solid waste in generation sources. 3- The component percentage of domestic waste in Yen Bai city. 4- The organization structure of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company.
5- The percentage of garbage generated and collected in Yen Bai city. 6- Diagram the domestic waste collection and transportation process for in Yen Bai city. 7- The diagram of domestic waste treatment process. 8- Organizational diagram of environmental sanitation co-operative .43 1 e LIST OF TABLES Table 2.
1- Methods to treat domestic waste. 1- Volume of solid waste from various sources (2014). 2- Total volume of domestic waste in recent years. 3- Amount of domestic waste in households.
4- The Components of Domestic Waste in Yen Bai City (2014). 5- The percentage of garbage generated and collected. 6- Vehicles for collection and transportation of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company .35 2 e LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DSW Domestic Solid Waste EPA Environmental Protection Agency GDP Gross Domestic Product JSC Joint Stock Company MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ODA Official Develop Assistance TOC Total Organic Carbon 3 e PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study Yen Bai city is the political center of Yen Bai province.
It can be concluded that the province has reached its maximum economic growth in the past years through the development of various sectors. However, the current status of general waste and domestic waste in particular have not been fully evaluated and audited, provided that this leads to difficulty in collection and waste management. No appropriate measures on proper disposal has been done. Therefore, the assessment of the current status of the management and treatment of household waste is one of the vital problems of Yen Bai city.
The purpose of this research is to have an access to the situation of Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) management system in Yen Bai City. The study will mainly focus on the advantages and disadvantages in waste management in order to find the rational management solutions for domestic solid waste management system in Yen Bai City. From there, we can improve the effect in solid waste management and reduce the pollution because of the irrational collection, transport and treatment system. Objectives of the study - Evaluate the current situation of environmental pollution caused by domestic solid waste in Yen Bai city.
o Collect and analyze information, synthesize the materials related to arising of domestic solid waste from residential areas, offices, schools and trade areas in Yen Bai City. 4 e o Execute fieldworks to assess the current status of domestic solid waste arising as well as other environmental problems: Identify sources of solid waste and amountsof solid waste components Method of solid waste collection and treatment - Propose solutions to reduce the pollution caused by domestic solid waste from residential areas, offices, schools and trade areas o Propose solutions to strengthen the DSW management capacity of state managing agencies. o Propose management measures, domestic waste disposal in accordance with the actual conditions of the city o Raise awareness of the local people on the current environmentalissues. Research questions - What is current situation of the solid waste collection, transport and treatment in Yen Bai city? - What are the solutions to manage domestic waste in study area? 1.
Significance of the study 1. Practical significance The study of domestic solid waste situation of the Yen Bai will be vital to know the strengths, weaknesses, challenges and shortcomings in the wastewater management and treatment in order to find solutions for environmental protection in accordance with the conditions of the city which will allow better environmental management. Learning significance - Help students apply theory into reality in order to practice the data synthesis and skills analysis. - Propose a favorable condition for acquiring and learning from practical experience.
At the same time, enhance practical knowledge; add more materials for learning and researching after the commencement of the study. - Serve as an actual basis to improve working methods scientifically and to help students in terms of synthesizing and arranging the schedule and timeline to produce practical results. Limitations of the study The study will not be able to cover all the management issues and treatment of domestic waste in Yen Bai city given the following reasons: Project timeline: The study will be conducted in a short period of time andwill then be restricted by many factors especially in the process of survey and investigation about the waste collected in the study area. 6 e PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.
Legal basis • Law on Environmental Protection 2014 • Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated August 09, 2006 of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on environmental protection • Decree No. 21/2008/ND-CP dated February 28, 2008 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated August 9, 2006, detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on environmental protection • Decree No.
179/2013/ND-CP dated November 14, 2013 of the Government on the sanction of administrative violations in the domain of environmental protection • Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Government prescribing environmental protection master plan, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan • Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 22, 2015 of the Government on the management of wastes and scraps • Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February, 2015 of the Government detailing a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection • Circular No.
12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated April 14, 2011 of the Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on provisions on hazardous waste management 7 e • Circulars No: 25/2009 / TT-BTNMT, dated November 16, 2009 -Regulations of the National Committee on Environment • Decision No. 322 / QĐ-BXD dated April 6, 2012 of the Ministry of Construction on Disclosure of interest on capital construction costs of domestic solid waste disposal • Decision No. 686 / QD-BXD dated 12/06/2015 of the Ministry of Construction certified suitable combustors for domestic solid waste • QCVN 07: 2009 / BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on hazardous waste threshold • QCVN 25: 2009 / BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on waste water of solid waste landfills 2. Related Definitions - Wastes means substances discharged from production, business, service, daily life or other activities.
- Solid waste means waste in solid or thick (also called sludge) form discharged from production, business, service, daily-life or other activities. - Domestic solid waste (also called household garbage) means the solid waste generated from daily-life activities of humans. Point and Non-point Sources of Solid Waste - Residential areas; - Commercial centers, offices, schools and public buildings; - Industrial activities such as agriculture and construction; 8 e - Medical facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Classification of Domestic Waste Organic solid waste.
Includes plants, dried leaves, spoiled vegetables, leftovers, egg shells, kitchen garbage, dead animals, livestock feces Inorganic solid waste. Includes non-biodegradable wastes such as: glass, porcelain, metal, paper, rubber, plastic, fabric, electronics, toys, sand, gravel, building materials, etc. Hazardous solid waste. Waste that has a negative impact to the environment and human such as batteries, motor oil, pesticides bottles, etc.
Domestic Waste Features The typical characteristics of domestic waste are as follows: - Components have high organic origin (56% - 65%). Their composition is mainly organic compounds, especially cellulose and lignin, about 40 - 50%, many cases make up 70-80% - High humidity - Mixed sand, gravel rubble, broken bricks, pieces of porcelain (Nhue, 2001). Effects of Domestic Waste 2. Effect of solid waste on the land environment The organic waste is decomposed by microorganisms in the soil environment in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
When the humidity is suitable, it will create a series of intermediate products, finally take form the simple minerals, water, CO2, CH4 … (Khoa, 2010). With a moderate volume of waste, the self-cleaning ability of the soil will 9 e decompose these substances to have less pollution or no pollution at all.