VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ----------------------------------------------------- TRAN DIEU THUY EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE MASTER THESIS MAJOR: VIETNAMESE STUDIES Hanoi, 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ----------------------------------------------------- TRAN DIEU THUY EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE MASTER THESIS MAJOR: VIETNAMESE STUDIES Code: 60220113 Supervisor: PhD. Tran Thanh Ha Hanoi, 2014 i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Commitment I declare this thesis is my own research with the guidance of PhD. Tran Thanh Ha. The figures given in the thesis are honest and clear origin.
I bear full responsibility in front of the scientific council for the content of this thesis. Hanoi, August 19, 2014 Tran Dieu Thuy. ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Contents List of Photos. v List of Tables.
Rationale of the study. Object, scope and aims of the study. Sources of information and methods of the study. Contributions of the study.
Outline of the study. 9 Chapter 1: Foundation of exploitation of cultural historic relics in service of sustainable development. Tourism and sustainable tourism development. Sustainable tourism development.
Principle of sustainable tourism development. Cultural historical relic. Classification of historic and cultural relics. The role of historic and cultural relics in tourism activities.
27 Chapter 2: The cultural and historic site system in Quang Tri province and the current situation of site exploitation for tourism. An overview of Quang Tri and its cultural and historic site system. Typical cultural and historical relics and sites in Quang Tri Province 37 2. The cultural historical on the list of special rankings.
The cultural historical relics on the list of National ranking. The cultural historical relics on the list of provincial ranking. The status of tourism development and exploitation of cultural historical relics to serve tourism development in Quang Tri Province. 49 iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.1 The number of tourists and the revenue.
The conservations and renovations of historical relics to serve tourism development. The organization and management to exploit relics for tourism development. The contributions of local people. General assessment of the extraction activities of cultural historical relics in Quang Tri Province for the tourism development.
Some achieved results. 60 Chapter 3: The appropriate exploitation and utilization of cultural historical monuments for the tourism development in Quang Tri Province. Assessment of cultural historical relics for the purpose of sustainable tourism development .1 The evaluation steps .2 Criteria of evaluation .3 Common evaluation of criteria (weight specification). Orientations of exploiting cultural historical relics in Quang Tri Province in tourism development.
Challenges for sustainable tourism development of Quang Tri Province. Solutions to raise sustainability in using historical relic for tourism in Quang Tri Province. 98 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com List of Photos Photo 2.1: Diagram of historical cultural monuments in Quang Trị Province.2: Lighting the candle to show gratefulness to partiotic martyr .3: Hien Luong River was rebuilt in 2014 .4: Tourists visit and incense at Quang Tri Ancient Citadel.5: Long Hung Church at website: langvang.6: The gate of Vinh Moc Tunnel .7: The American plane is put in Ta Con airport .8: The number of tourist arrivals and tourism revenue of Quang Tri Province from 2007 - 2013 .9: The number of tourist and revenue of Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue from 2007 to 2013 .10: The stores serviced tourist in front of Quang Tri Ancident Citadel.1: Diagram of evaluation of historic cultural relics for sustainable tourism development .2: Diagram of orientations of destinations in Quang Tri Province3. 86 List of Tables Table 3.1: Evaluation score of criteria .2: Weight of criteria .3: General assessment of cultural historical relics .4 : Advantage levels classification of relics for tourism development.
80 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Rationale of the study With the society’s development, people tend to search for historical values. It is said that history is our future. Historical values not only reveal the past but also orient the development in the present and future.
Remained historical vestiges, despite being the smallest, illustrate the strong cultural vitality and touch the bottom of heart. Acknowledging this point, Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam focused on the purpose:” preserve, prove values of revolutionary traditional inheritances” when stating cultural development’s tasks in the 11th national congress. It can be said that it is an important advance in the progress of establishing and developing Vietnamese culture in the current period. It is also a message recommending and encouraging the whole society to pay attention to revolutionary traditional inheritances during the nation’s development and integration.
Cultural and historical monuments’ preservation and services’ development are difficult problems. How to develop without changing or spoiling monuments, how to prove cultural and historical values and make the economic development become an investment into preserving and advertising are proposed questions, which need answers. In the other word, this is a sustainable approach to tourism development based on inheritances’ values. The research on cultural and historical monuments for the purpose of developing tourism can be seen as an effective task which “partly preserves and proves cultural values” and establishes the premise for sustainable tourism development and great economic values.
At the present, tourism is known as a smokeless industry bringing several economic profits to countries in the world. Tourism is defined as the leading economic branch in Vietnam, a developing country. However, tourism has reciprocal relationships with 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com other branches; therefore, tourism development needs suitable and specific development policies and projects so that the development has no negative effects on the nature, culture, society and so on. In terms of cultural and historical monuments, they possess great values of the age.
However, they are easily affected and damaged if they are accessed in an inappropriate way. How to make tourism become a tool for information exchanges and culture access so that people can study and explore the world and how to preserve and develop cultural and historical monuments with their own positions are really difficult and challenging to the current tourism in particular and the whole society in general. Besides plentiful natural resources such as Cua Tung, Cua Viet seaside, the tourist attraction of DaKrong, the green tourism area of Tra Loc and so on, Quang Tri has cultural and historical depth. It is known as “War Museum of Vietnam” [52].
Experiencing two resistance wars against French colonialism and American empire, Quang Tri has a large – scaled and statured system of revolutionary monuments. They can be named the ancient rampart of Quang Tri, the tunnels of Vinh Moc, banks of Hien Luong, Ta Con airport, Lao Bao prison and so on. Additionally, the archaeological evidence reveals that Mon Kho Me tribes on the West – East of Truong Son and Ma Lai – Da Dao ones on the coastal plains settled early in this place. During its historical process, Quang Tri witnessed a long period of nearly one thousand years belonging to the Kingdom of Champa before joining in Dai Viet Champa residents’ establishment and struggles for existence in Quang Tri can be said to create the premise for Quang Tri’s development and also leave vestiges of a plentiful and typical culture.
They now exist under many different forms such as temples – towers, ramparts, water exploitation systems and graves. It can be stated that thanks to its typical historical process and geographical location, 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Quang Tri is a place where different cultures met, received and combined. On the background culture consisting of Son Vi, Hoa Binh and Dong Son’s cultural vestiges, there was an approach to the culture of Han,Champa from the West of Dai Viet and the following West[50]. Currently, Quang Tri is a place where many ethnic minority people such as Van Kieu, Pako lives and develops.
Their residence areas were closely connected to historical monuments in the revolutions against French colonialism and American Empire. All creates the historical sediment associated with Quang Tri’s cultural flow and makes them become more plentiful and attractive from their deep cultural sources. Up to June, February 2014, there were 516 approved cultural and historical monuments and tourist attractions in Quang Tri province. Among them, there were 474 provincial leveled, 33 national leveled and specially national leveled ones (including 42 revolutionary historical monuments).
There were 415 historical monuments, mainly revolutionary historical ones (making up 87%) [24]. Quang Tri not only has the exceeding number of tourist spots but also is located on many important arterial roads. It is the point of junction among three big tourism lines, including Trans – Vietnam route, East - West economic corridor and the central inheritance way. It can be said that they are advantages for Quang Tri’s tourism development.
However, it can be seen from the fact that the current tourism development in Quang Tri is inadequate to its real potential. Due to specific characteristics of revolutionary historical monuments, natural conditions’ strong effects and appropriate authorities’ undisciplined management, the majority of Quang Tri’s monuments are damaged, degraded and even some are abandoned. Additionally, the research and utilization of monuments’ values are still unilateral, mainly emphasize their material values and ignore the immaterial 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Residents’ unawareness of their responsibilities also leads to many difficulties in cultural and historical monuments’ preservation and sustainable development.
The preservation and development of historical monuments’ values is not only to preserve and respect ancestors’ intellectual contributions through historical generations but also current generations’ sacred responsibilities and duties to be grateful to our benefactors. From the above fact and gathered knowledge during the Master course of Vietnamese studies, the author chose the topic:” Assessment on cultural and historical monuments for sustainable tourism development in Quang Tri province”. Literature review In the world, tourism is considered as one of the biggest economic branches with great potential[25]. Thus, tourism has been paid attention and studied by several specialists, scientists and managers.
However, the concept of sustainable tourism was mentioned for the first time in the 1990s when tourism explosion from 1960’s negative impacts on the environment became more and more obvious. Studies on sustainable tourism reveal that the tourism development not only protects the environment and preserves the ecological system but also pays attention to the possibilities of maintaining long – term economic profits and social justice. Academic research works deal with the concept of sustainable tourism such as “Tourism impacts, planning and management” by Peter Mason [47], “Global Tourism” by William F. Recently they have been quoted many times in the announcement related sustainable tourism.
Studies on Vietnamese tourism were mentioned in the 1990s when tourism became increasingly developing with the opened economy and the 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com market – oriented development. Some papers are concerned with different aspects of tourism such as “Organizing Vietnam tourism territory”, “Tourism and tourism business” and “Capacity building for developing tourism in Vietnam”. The concept of sustainable tourism is no longer new in Vietnam. There are many research works, reference books and research articles about the aspect of sustainable tourism such as “Resources and Vietnam tourism environment” and “Status and issues for sustainable tourism development” by Pham Trung Luong [30] [5] , “Sustainable tourism development” by Nguyen Dinh Hoe and Vu Van Hieu [29] and “Environment of social humanities and issue for sustainable tourism development” by Trinh Duc Anh [22].
A study by Pham Le Thao, namely “Natural environment and development issues of sustainable tourism in Vietnam”[7] deals with the issue of natural environment at the microscopic aspect.