VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVKRSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES TK STUDIES NGUYÊN THỊ PHƯƠNG THẢO Politeness strategics in requests in “The thorn birds” (Chiến lược lịch sự trong lời thỉnh cầu trong "Tiếng Chim Hót Trong Bụi Mận Gai”) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 HANOI - 2010 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY of OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYEN THỊ PHƯƠNG THẢO Politeness strategies in requests in “The thom birds” (Chiến lược lịch sự trong lời thỉnh cầu trong "Tiếng Chỉm Hót Trong Bụi Mận Gai”) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS. Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 Supervisor: Tran Ba Tién, M.
HANOI - 2010 Table of contents Declaration. Aims of the study. Scope of the study 4, Overview of the work S. Methods of the study ke eww k 6.
Design of the study. ¬ eeees we eerste Part b: Development. wea Chaptrr 1: Theoretical background.1 The Speech act.1 Speech act performmmes 1.2 Locutionary act, Locutionary act, Perlocutionary act.3 Spocch act classifications am 1.4 The speech act of request .2 Politer and indircelness in req “ 1. Theory oŸ politenass.2 The Bico-rnanagr il view on politenoss, 14 1.2 Face throaloning acts 15 1.2 Social factors affecting politeness.3 Scales of indirectness in requests.
"— He 19 Chapter 2: Politeness strategies in requests in. “Ihe Thorn Birds” 22 11 Chapter 2: ‘The study of politeness strategies manifested in requests in lions in “The Thorn Birds" This chapter finds out how characters in the novel cover politeness strategies in requests in their conversations. Part C: Conclusion This part summarize somewhat has discussed in the above two parts and give some suggestions for further study realize that so fir little research has focused on politeness strategies in requests in a literature work Literature is, as being judged, a reflection of society and culture, And the fact thal the more a literary work reflsels the pr nil life truthfully and vividly, the more successful it will gel, since it is said thal art is for human sakes, nol for atl sakes. Therefore language, especially daily language in the literary works will also be presented vividly.
And conversational language in a great novel, apparently, is Teliable for our observation For those reasons presented above, we decided to choose the topic: “Politeness strategies in requests in “The thorn buds” 2, Aims of the study - ‘To explore how politeness strategies are manifested in the requests in the English language appropriately. - To investigate the ways characters in a litcrary work operate their requests politely in their conversations. Scope of the study Among linguistic, paralinguistic and non-verbal aspects related to politeness, our sludy only deals with Ihe first one. TL focuses on positive and negative politeness strategies based on Brown é& Levinson’s (1987) theoretical framework.
And the data is based on all of the utterances containing the requests made by characters in “The Thom Birds”. 4, Overview of the work. “The Thorn Birds’- as the comment of Sweetic Pic in his “A Book Review of The Thorn Birds”: “Of all of Colleen McCullough's novels, The Thom Birds made the grealest impact on my ideas of whal a greal book should be. T was drawn into the story and could not put it down until | finished it a week later’- one of the great works of every time was written by an amateur writer- Collen McCullough in 1976.
Being different Gorn some previous works, all whose theme is also about the history of a family in Australia, but they almost reflect the development and the degeneration of the bourgeoisie class. “Ihe ‘Thom Birds” is the story of three generations in a labour family named Cleary. The next generations, instead of refusing the tradition values left by the previons, inherit and develop those Simultaneously, getting good characteristics of family such as hard-working, 2.4 Strangers 36 PART C: CONCLUSION.4 Strangers 36 PART C: CONCLUSION.1 Positive politeness strategies in requests in “The Thorn Birds” 2.1 Strategy1: Notice, attend to H (his interests, wants, needs, goods) 2.3 Strategy 3: Intensify interest to H.4 Strategy 4: Use in-group identity markers.5 Strategy 5: Seek agreement 2.6 Strategy 6: Avoid disagreement.7 Strategy 7: Presuppose / raise / assert common ground.9 Strategy9: Assert or presuppose S’s :kaodiblee.di of and concern for H’s wants 2.10 Strategy 10: Offer, promise 2.11 Strategy 11: Be optimistic.12 Strategy 12: Include both S and H im the activity.13 Strategy 13: Give (or ask for) reasons.14 Strategy 14: Assume or assert reciprocity.15 Strategy 15: Give gifts to H (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation) 2.2 Negative politeness strategies manifested in requests in “The Thorn Birds” 2.1 Strategy 1: Be conventionally indirect 2.2 Strategy 2: Question, hedge 2.3 Strategy 3: Be pessimistic 2.4 Strategy4: Minimize the imposition 2.5 Strategy 5: Give deference.7 Strategy 7: Impersonalise $ and H.8 Strategy 8: State the FTA as a general rule, 2.10 Strategy 10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting H 3 Politeness strategies in requests in “The Thom Birds” seen fiom S-H relationship. 10 independence, steady enough to pass hard life, they also make some positive changes to catch up with the development of the age.
If Fiona- the first generation is brave enough to suffer fiom every misfortune but give no struggle for the fate, her daughter Meggie- a modem girl tries to get her happiness from the land of God-having a baby with a priest who she loves, and Justine- Meggie’s daughter has a quietly different moral standards. There are many characters in the novel but the noble ones are Fiona (Pec), Meggic, a pricst tamed Ralph and most of the incidents are surrounded by the love story fulll of hindrance but romantic between Meggie and Ralph ‘The development of the novel is not only exposed via the meticulous description of the novelist but importantly, by the conversations among. the characters in which we try to find how the characters operate their request politely. Methods of the study Generally, the thesis employed the Quantitative Method, which is defined as a research method that relies less on interviews, observations, small numbers of questionnaires, focus groups, subjective reports and case studies but is much more focused on the collection and analysis of numerical data and slalistics.
Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods. The result of the research is a number, or a series of numbers. These are often presented in tables, graphs or other forms of statisties which is the science and practice of developing human knowledge through the use of empirical data. Design of the study The thesis comprises three main parts: Part A: Introduction ‘This part includes five sub- parts: the rationale, aims, scope, methods and design of the sludy.
Part B: Content ‘This is the nuclear part of the whole study containing three chapters. Chapter1, Theoretical background This chapter makes an overview of the theories on Speech Act, Speech Act of request and Politensss theory which are treated as the major grounds for the analysis, work, 2.4 Strangers 36 PART C: CONCLUSION. 38 RETEREN S Abbreviations Favs Threatening AcL learer/A.ddreasee Speaker/Addresser Speech act Distance Relative power Absolute ranking of imposition eg. For example That 1s to say et.4 Strangers 36 PART C: CONCLUSION.
38 RETEREN S Abbreviations Favs Threatening AcL learer/A.ddreasee Speaker/Addresser Speech act Distance Relative power Absolute ranking of imposition eg. For example That 1s to say et.1 Positive politeness strategies in requests in “The Thorn Birds” 2.1 Strategy1: Notice, attend to H (his interests, wants, needs, goods) 2.3 Strategy 3: Intensify interest to H.4 Strategy 4: Use in-group identity markers.5 Strategy 5: Seek agreement 2.6 Strategy 6: Avoid disagreement.7 Strategy 7: Presuppose / raise / assert common ground.9 Strategy9: Assert or presuppose S’s :kaodiblee.di of and concern for H’s wants 2.10 Strategy 10: Offer, promise 2.11 Strategy 11: Be optimistic.12 Strategy 12: Include both S and H im the activity.13 Strategy 13: Give (or ask for) reasons.14 Strategy 14: Assume or assert reciprocity.15 Strategy 15: Give gifts to H (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation) 2.2 Negative politeness strategies manifested in requests in “The Thorn Birds” 2.1 Strategy 1: Be conventionally indirect 2.2 Strategy 2: Question, hedge 2.3 Strategy 3: Be pessimistic 2.4 Strategy4: Minimize the imposition 2.5 Strategy 5: Give deference.7 Strategy 7: Impersonalise $ and H.8 Strategy 8: State the FTA as a general rule, 2.10 Strategy 10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting H 3 Politeness strategies in requests in “The Thom Birds” seen fiom S-H relationship. realize that so fir little research has focused on politeness strategies in requests in a literature work Literature is, as being judged, a reflection of society and culture, And the fact thal the more a literary work reflsels the pr nil life truthfully and vividly, the more successful it will gel, since it is said thal art is for human sakes, nol for atl sakes. Therefore language, especially daily language in the literary works will also be presented vividly.
And conversational language in a great novel, apparently, is Teliable for our observation For those reasons presented above, we decided to choose the topic: “Politeness strategies in requests in “The thorn buds” 2, Aims of the study - ‘To explore how politeness strategies are manifested in the requests in the English language appropriately. - To investigate the ways characters in a litcrary work operate their requests politely in their conversations. Scope of the study Among linguistic, paralinguistic and non-verbal aspects related to politeness, our sludy only deals with Ihe first one. TL focuses on positive and negative politeness strategies based on Brown é& Levinson’s (1987) theoretical framework.
And the data is based on all of the utterances containing the requests made by characters in “The Thom Birds”. 4, Overview of the work. “The Thorn Birds’- as the comment of Sweetic Pic in his “A Book Review of The Thorn Birds”: “Of all of Colleen McCullough's novels, The Thom Birds made the grealest impact on my ideas of whal a greal book should be. T was drawn into the story and could not put it down until | finished it a week later’- one of the great works of every time was written by an amateur writer- Collen McCullough in 1976.
Being different Gorn some previous works, all whose theme is also about the history of a family in Australia, but they almost reflect the development and the degeneration of the bourgeoisie class. “Ihe ‘Thom Birds” is the story of three generations in a labour family named Cleary. The next generations, instead of refusing the tradition values left by the previons, inherit and develop those Simultaneously, getting good characteristics of family such as hard-working, Part A: Introduction 1. Rationale The basic fiction of language is “very similar in different societies, though with different linguistic conventions, in all parts of the world, because all people have similar needs, similar relationships, and in general share the sarne world” Robin (1952:6).
This idea must be shared by the fact that language is creatsd as am sary demand of human life with the final aim, that is for conmuunication in which people cxchange information and express their opinions and allitudes. However, how people communicate successfully in certain contexts has inspired to the linguists whose research has contributed a lot to the development of communication among human beings Any beginning-level Vietnamese students of English easily form the following sentences correctly as firstly having a conversation with an Lnglish- speaking person: Are you married? Tow old are you? Rut it is rather difficult for that forcigner to accgpt such porsoral qusstions. Thal is the reason why Richards (1992-32) nukes a distinction belween [he Iwo notions Tinguistic compelence and conmmnestive cornpclenec, which reftrs lo “.the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules ofa language wn order io form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom.” This statement highly appreciates the important role of cultural knowledge in contributing to a successtil communication.
