(al, 2011) MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS ASSESSMENT OF THE DIVERSITY OF REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK, HAI PHONG, VIETNAM Major: Natural Resources Management (Advanced Curriculum) Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Student: Le Viet Student ID: 1253060857 Class: K57-Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Supervisor: Dr. Dong Thanh Hai Hanoi, October 2016 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis cannot become a reality without kind support and helps of many individuals, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to: The heads of Vietnam National University of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management provided opportunity, essential conditions for me to finish this research. I am grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Dong Thanh Hai, whose expertise, understanding, generous guidance and continuous support made it possible for me to work on a topic that I chose.
It was my pleasure being his student. I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Lee MacDonald for spending the time to check and give advises to my proposal. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to the heads, officers of Cat Ba National park, local people there for providing me useful information and kind consideration and help.
Despite spending the best efforts in the thesis conducting process, this research still has many shortcomings due to the limitations of time, finance and my ability. I am looking forward to receiving comments from teachers, friends to a better thesis completion. Thank you! Hanoi, September 2016 2 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to provide the checklist of species of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park, Haiphong, Vietnam as well as the distribution, the diversity of them in such habitats as artificial forest, natural forest, Mixed area of artificial forest and natural forest, shrub grassland. A total of 80 species of reptile and amphibian was recoreded within survey during July 2016 in study site: 55 species of reptile and 25 species of amphibian.
Three main methods that were used for collecting data are interview, line transect survey, pitfall-trap. The basic data analysis indicated that reptiles and amphibians, an important part of wildlife in Cat Ba National Park, are bringing up a lot of values to people like food, medical values.Therefore, they have been hunted for different personal purposes in many various ways, especially hunting. Furthermore, the living habitat of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park also have been threatened by 3 main threats: Pet trade and overexploitation; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Environment pollution. Thence, it is very necessary to find the solutions out in order to solve these problems.
The study have recommended solutions in terms of minimizing the threats, managing, protecting and developing the sources of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park more effectively and sustainability. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATION CHAPTER 1. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES. Climate and hydrology.
Geology and geomorphology. Fauna and Flora. Population and employ. Collecting data methods.
Line transect survey. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The composition of reptile and amphibian in Cat Ba National Park. The results of investigation.
Assessment of taxon diversity. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians by habitats. Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians. Threats to reptiles and amphibians at Cat Ba National Park.
Pet trade and overexploitation. Habitat loss and fragmentation. Proposing solutions for protection and sustainable development of reptile and amphibian resources in Cat Ba NP. Solution to minimize threats to reptile and amphibian.
Solutions for technique. Solutions for socio-economic. CONCLUSION, CONSTRANTS AND RECOMMENDATION. Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park.
Threats to reptiles and amphibians. Proposing solutions for protection and sustainable development of reptile and amphibian resources in Cat Ba NP. 30 REFERENCES 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 5. Species diversity of reptile and amphibian in Cat Ba National Park.
The diversity of reptiles and amphibians species by habitats. Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians. Rank of threats to reptile and amphibian resource in Cat Ba NP. 26 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.
Line transects for collecting data in Cat Ba National Park. Reptile and amphibian species recorded from sources of information in Cat Ba National Park. The diversity of reptiles in Cat Ba National Park. The diversity of amphibians in Cat Ba National Park.
The number of species detected in each habitat. Hunter with equipments they use for hunting reptile and amphibian (Source: Le Viet, 2016). Wastes the tourist put into forest (Source: Le Viet, 2016). 25 8 ABBREVIATION NP: National Park IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species NTFP: Non-timber Forest Product 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Vietnam has an abundant of animal resources with high endemism.
This is a big advantage in strategies of protecting and developing biodiversity in our country. This resource brought us benefit in many aspects of live. Previously, rainforest wildlife are one supply of food and rare pharmaceuticals. Besides, many products from wildlife animal were used to produce craft items which are very popular.
Another important role of wildlife is in science and medicine. Some animals are extremely rare resources in understanding the principles, biomechanics, physiology to serve the prevention and medical care for people. Wildlife animal resources, especially gene bank is very precious, is the origin of current domestic animals, along with the balancing factor of current ecosystem. Reptile and amphibian are other valuable resources beside birds, mammals and fishes.
In natural ecosystem as well as humanity ecosystem of our nation, reptile and amphibian play an important role in social. A serious problem now is the wildlife animal sources in general and the reptiles, resources in particular are endangered of decreasing sharply. A lot of species are becoming rarely, or special rarely, some species are threatened of becoming extincted. The main reason that leads to this situation is the over-exploited that made the area of forest soil decrease and some species are lost their habitat.
The illegal hunting with the inefficient management of functional agencies also need to be cared and adjusted. Red data list is the inventory of the global conservation status of all biological species, which is abbreviated to IUCN ( International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). The levels of extinction risk in Vietnam red data book are similar to those in IUCN Red list. Up to now, the list has evaluated over 79,800 species that may come to extinction according to categories.
1 The latest released list in 2007 shows that there are 418 endangered species of animals according to risks of extinction. The number consists of 40 of reptiles and 13 of amphibians (Vietnam Data Red Book, 2007). CITES is The Convention on International Trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora is a multilateral treaty to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. CITES contains 5,000 animal species and 25,000 plant species, and is divided into 3 appendices I, II, III with different levels of being threatened to existence species.
The decree No. 32/2006/ND-CP dated 30/03/2006 is a government decree on Management of endangered, precious, and rare species of wild plants and animals. It has classified wild, precious and rare animals into 2 groups according to the risk of extinction and the protection of law towards these species. The two groups are: Group IB (Prohibiting exploitation and use for commercial purposes, including wild plants, animals, for which populations are very small in the wild or are in high risk of extinction) and Group IIB (Restricting exploitation and use for commercial purposes, including wild plants and animals, for which populations are small in the wild or are in risk of extinction).
Group IB includes 62 species. Of them, there are 11 species belong to class of reptilia such as Desert Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah.Group IIB includes 89 species and of which are such reptile species as Indian Rock Python, Radiated Ratsnakes, etc. In the past two decades, several herpetological surveys have been carried out on Cat Ba Island. In his zoological analysis, Bobrov (1993) recorded 18 lizard species from islands in the Gulf of Tonkin including Cat Ba Island.
Darevsky (1990) studied the herpetofauna of some Vietnamese offshore islands and listed seven species of reptiles for Cat Ba. This number was distinctly increased by the eight-day survey conducted by Nguyen & Shim (1997), who reported of 20 species of reptiles including two species of marine turtles. In view of this 2 increasing number of new species records on the one hand, and a still low species number compared with northern mainland Vietnam on the other, we decided to conduct additional herpetological field studies on Cat Ba Island. These led to the discovery of new species of Goniurosaurus (Ziegler et al.
2008) and Sphenomorphus (Nguyen et al. To protect and develop this valuable natural resources, the Government in recently have had many optimistic policy and solutions. Beside the legislations, we also have special use forest system are managed by local to center and have got positive results. To make basis , materials for natural resources preservation , contribute to protection and development of wildlife animals in general and reptiles, amphibians resources in particular, I am proceeding to research the topic " The Diversity of Reptiles and Amphibians in Cat Ba National Park, Haiphong, Vietnam".
Results collected from this study will be used for planning and preparing technical measures to manage, protect and develop the biodiversity effectively. 3 CHAPTER 2 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 2. Goal - The goal of this study is to investigate the diversity of Reptile and Amphibian. The results gathered will be used for developing Reptile and Amphibian database and contributing to biodiversity conservation in general in Cat Ba National Park 2.
Objectives - To study species composition diversity of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park. -To study the distribution of reptiles and amphibians by habitat in Cat Ba NP. - To assess the conservation value of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba NP. -To assess threats to reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba NP.
-To give solutions for management, conservations and sustainable development of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba NP. 4 CHAPTER 3 STUDY SITE 3. Geo-location - Cat Ba National Park was founded in 1986 and located in Cat Ba island, Cat Hai district - The geographical coordinates: From 20043 '50" to 20051' 29" north latitude From 106058 '20" to 107010' 05" east longitude - Area: 16,196.8 ha of which mountain is 10,931.7 ha and island is 5,265.1 ha - Cat Ba National Park is first park that have subzones of forest and marine ecosystem - Cat Ba National Park is divided into three functional areas: the subdivision of strict protection zone (4,914.6ha), the subdivision of ecological rehabilitation area (11,094ha), service administrative subdivision (91. Climate and hydrology Cat Ba National Park is located in the tropical monsoon area, influenced many of the coastal line climate - Average annual temperature: 20oC; Average annual precipitation is: 1700 - 1800mm.
Rainy season from April to November and dry season from December to March next year; Average annual humidity is 85%; April is wettest and January is driest; Average annual evaporation is 700mm per year; monsoon northeast wind from September to March next year, the southeast wind from April to August; an average of 2-3 storm a year. Topography All of Cat Ba island are mountainous areas with elevations between 50-200m, the average slope is 30-40 degrees; the lowest place is Ang Tom, 10-30m below sea-level; the highest place is Cao Vong peak located in the north of the island, about 331m high.