MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS Title CONSERVATION ON THREATENED PLANT SPECIES IN XUAN NHA NATURE RESERVE, SON LA PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Pham Thi Thao Student ID: 1153090353 Class: K56 Natural Resources Management Course: 2011 - 2015 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc.Prof Hoang Van Sam Ha Noi, October/2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my very great appreciation to Assoc Prof. Hoang Van Sam from Vietnam Forestry University and Prof. Lee MacDonald from Colorado State University, my research supervisors, for their enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques of this research work. Without their thoughtful, patient guidance through every step of my research, their knowledge on how to correct and analyze the data I collected, this thesis could not have been realized.
Thank to Vietnam Forestry University and Colorado State University cooperation together especially faculty of Forest Resource and Environmental Management and all professors I would like to extend my thanks to Mr. Nguyen Hung Chien, the Vice Director of Xuan Nha Nature Reserve for accepting the responsibility of my research in his nature reserve as well as for his useful and constructive recommendations on this project. Many other people have contributed to the success of this thesis but I would like to particularly thank Mr. Nam, and my partners Tung Anh, Duc and Hai for their support during the entire process of doing research.
Investigate the threatened plants species in Xuan Nha Nature reserve, Son La province. Investigate conservation status of some threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve. Study silviculture characteristics of three high value threatened plant species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.Lam and Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte. Propose solutions for conservation of threatened plant species and plant resources in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve.
Field Investigation methods. Investigate the distribution characteristics of threatened plant species in 10 transects of Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Interview local people. Statistic, analysis natural resources status, economic conditions, social population in research area.
Method of map, diagrams. Location and boundaries. Geology and Soils. Climate and hydrology.
General situation of the flora. Population, ethnic, labor, population distribution, population growth rate. The economic situation. The economic activities.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSSION. Composition of threatened plants species and distribution of some threatened plant species in Xuan Nha Nature reserve. Composition of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha reserve. Distribution of threatened plant species by elevation in Xuan Nha reserve.
Conservation status of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve. Conservation status of each species is determined by the Vietnam Red List (2007) and International Council of conservation organization IUCN after assessing the status of species. Exploitation status, uses and management status of some threatened plant species. Morphological characteristics, distribution, ecological and natural regeneration of three high value threatened plant species: Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.Lam, Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How and Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte.
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte. Propose conservation solution for threatened plant species in Xuan Nha Nature reserve. Social- economic solutions.
Solutions of mechanisms and policies to attract investment. Completing the institution, policy and law. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 42 REFERENCES LIST OF ACRONYMS IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature UNEP United Nations Environment Programme WWF World Wildlife Fund VU Vulnerable EN Endangered CR Critically Endangered NT Near Threatened LC Least Concern IA Prohibiting exploitation and use for commercial purposes IIA Restricting exploitation and use for commercial purposes LIST OF TABLE No Name of table Page 1 Table 5.
Composition of threatned plant species in Xuan Nha reserve. Conservation status of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha 2 24 nature reserve. Natural regeneration of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et 3 30 How by survey transects Table 5. Natural regeneration of Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.Lam by 4 33 survey transects Id Name of figure Page 1 Figure 5.
Distribution of threatened plant species by elevation 21 Figure 5. Map of distrbution of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature 2 reserve 22 Figure 5. Map of Burretiodendron hsienmu chun et how distribution in Xuan 3 Nha nature reserve 31 Figure 5. Map of Madhuca pasquieri (dubard) h.lam distribution in Xuan Nha 4 nature reserve.
Map of Aquilaria crassna pierre ex lecomte distribution in Xuan Nha 5 nature reserve. 36 ABSTRACT This paper provided information regarding the threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve, Son La province. This study aimed to determine the composition, conservation status and propose solutions to protect threatened plant species in the research site. Based on observations and measurements of the general characters, results indicated that there were 23 threatened plant species distributed in Xuan Nha nature reserve, belonging to 18 families.
Of them 16 species are listed in the IUCN(2014), 19 species listed inViet Nam Red book (2007), 9 species are listed in Decree 32/2006 / ND CP. The research also provide distribution map of threatened plant species in study areas.This research also identified three morphology characteristics as well as regenerated capacity of total 23 threatened plant species. They are Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte and Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H. Last but not least, some solutions were proposed to preserve and develop threatened plants genetic resources in the study site.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the number of individuals of the species, especially threatened species with high values in Viet Nam is decreasing. Development of socio-economic, along with the use of unreasonable and the poor management of forest resources, degradation, loss of biodiversity is now worrying issue. And most of those activities are mainly due to human exploitation that leads many species at risk of being destroyed or disappeared. Xuan Nha Nature reserves is one of 166 protected areas in Vietnam has been approved in 1986 in Moc Chau District, Son La province.
Xuan Nha forest is varying in terms of species and forest ecosystems. Xuan Nha Nature Reserve supports 22,172 ha of nature forest. In 2003, the research “Đặc điểm tài nguyên thực vật Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Xuân Nha” by Master. Nguyen Quang Huy, along with the rangers in Moc Chau, and staffs in forest development center of Forestry University reported 1101 plant species in this nature reserve, including globally endemic and threatened species listed in Viet Nam Red List as well as the World such as : Michelia mediocris Dandy, Keteleeria evelyniana, Madhuca pasquieri, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Chukrasia velutina, Parashorea chinensis.
This Nature reserve is a place with the rugged terrain, steep, low temperature, and high elevation. The characteristics of climate which is quite suitable for the growth and development of threatened plants, especially in the high mountains where there are adapted to low temperature such as Fokienia, Keteleeria evelyniana Dipterocarpus retusus, Madhuca pasquieri and Parashorea chinensis. Some species supply high value timber for handicraft for example, Fokienia hodginsii or for construction. Many species also can use as spice or drugs not only in traditional medicine for example, Nageia Fleuryi but also modern medicine( Taxus Wallichiana).
In recent years, although the departments and local people in the region have made great efforts to protect forests and protect biodiversity. The rules and laws outside and around the nature reserve is enforced to prevent from illegal exploiting. However, due to many different causes such as 1 illegal exploitation, overpopulation and cultivation, the solutions are not really efficient. Burning occurs frequently and especially exploit and trade of wildlife and valuable species illegally with large amounts still occur which reduces the number of species and those habitat.
Therefore, plant resources in general and threatened plant species in particular has been devastated. The threatened plant species are often at greater risk because of high economic value or special uses. In situ conservation should be complemented by ex situ conservation and silviculture programs overall. These programs should include education plan as well as collect and preserve seeds, plant recovery and enrichment in and around protected areas.
The introduced plant species can have a role in supporting in situ conservation. Researches on Xuan Nha nature reserve: • “Investigating biodiversity and ecosystems off Xuan Nha nature reserve and proposed conservation solutions” (2007) by Dr. Tran Huy Thai of Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources. The research reported about fauna, flora and insect diversity in Xuan Nha.
Updated one more rare plant species for Pinaceae family: Cunninghamia konishii, a rare species with a very narrow distribution in Vietnam. • In 2013, a researcher group belongs to the center of Man and Nature (Pan Nature) gave the report " Guidline for Pinaceae in Mai Chau- Moc Chau, Hoa Binh - Son La". The Pinaceae family here are recorded on a number of threatened species such as Taxus chinensis, Amentotaxus argotaenia, Podocarpus neriifolius, Dacrycarpus imbricatus. • With the aim of studying composition characteristics of threatened plants species in the study area and proposing some solutions for conservation, I conduct the thesis “Conservation of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La province”.
I hope to provide information in order to better management of plant resources and threatened plant species in particular in Xuan Nha Nature reserve. Investigate the threatened plants species in Xuan Nha Nature reserve, Son La province 2. Investigate conservation status of some threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve. Study silviculture characteristics of three high value threatened plant species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.Lam and Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte 2.
Propose solutions for conservation of threatened plant species and plant resources in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Field Investigation methods 3. Investigate the distribution characteristics of threatened plant species in 10 transects of Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Use Google Earth, satellite images (LANDSAT of SPOT) in combination with question and answer to determine the region of threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve.
To collect data about threatened plant species in Xuan Nha nature reserve, the survey transects have to be showed on the Xuan Nha Nature Reserve topography map to check the information discussing with the local experts such as distribution, management status, exploitation and uses of threatened plant species on the survey transects The survey transects have different length and make sure go through all the forest status. Survey transects were marked on the map and the field by paint or color nilon to easy seeing. In each transect, observe 2 sides, each side about 5meters. Using the methods below to assess.
Using the GPS to determine the distribution of threatened plant species along the survey transect and using the GPS software to make a map of the threatened plant species by elevation on vegetation map in Xuan Nha nature reserve. Using the camera to take a photo about of threatened plant species on the survey transects. • Transect 1: Nam Den Hamlet- Pha Luong Mountain • Transect 2: Kho Hong Hamlet- Pha Luong Mountain • Transect 3: Pha Luong Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain • Transect 4: Nga Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain • Transect 5: Chieng Hin Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain • Transect 6: Tay Ta Lao Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain 4 • Transect 7: Thin Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain • Transect 8: Muong An Hamlet- An Hamlet • Transect 9: Cot Moc Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain • Transect 10: Chieng Nua Hamlet- Pha luong Mountain The results are recorded in the table below Table 3. Investigation the topographic characteristics in Xuan Nha nature reserve Transect numer:…………………………………………………………………… Forest status:…………………………………………………………… Date:……………….……………… Life No Species Elevation Slope Status form 1 2 … 3.
Investigate to collect data about silvicultural characteristics of threatened plant species. • Investigate and measure all threatened plant species found in 10 transects, which has DBH ( D1.3 ) is greater than or equal to 6 cm • Measure D1.