ACKNOWLEGDEMENT First of all, I am grateful to teachers of Vietnam Forestry University for etablishing me to complete this thesis. I would like to acknowledgement all the member of Xuan Nha Forest Protection Department for support nessessary things and provide me documents. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to officers of my university for providing me with all the nessessary facilities. I take this opportunity to record our sincere thanks to all the falcuty members of the Falcuty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement.
I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Assoc. Hoang Van Sam whose stimulating motivation and valuable ideas helped me to complete this thesis. I also acknowlegdement Xuan Nha local government and local people for helping me during my researching time in Xuan Nha. Sincerely! Hanoi, October, 2015 Trinh Van Duc i ABSTRACT Plant of Pinophyta in Xuan Nha nature reserve is quite diversity with 13 species, belong to 6 families.
Of them 10 species listed in The World Red Book IUCN 2014, 6 species listed in Viet Nam Red Book 2007, 6 species listed in Decree 32/2006/NĐ-CP of the Vietnamese government. The results of the research show that Pinophyta species distribute at all elevation levels. Most of them distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m with 8 species ( Fokienia hodginsii, Podocarpus neriifolius, Podocarpus neriifolius , Cunninghamia knonishii , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Nageia fleuryi ,Amentotaxus argotaenia ,Dacrydium elatum ) take 61,54 %. The elevation from 1000-1500 m have 3 species ( Fokieniea hodginsii, Pinus kwangtungensis , Calocedrus macrolepis ) take 23,1%.
The elevation from 500-1000 m have 4 species (Keteleeria evelyniana , Gnetum latifolium , Pinus kwang tungensis, Pinus cernua ) take 30,77 %. Some solutions have been proposed to conserve and develop of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha natural reserve. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH.
METHODS OF RESEARCH. Field Investigation Method. Transect line method. Non-Field Investigation Method.
Data processing and analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Composition and distribution of pynophyta species by elevation in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Determine the distribution of Pinophyta species by altitude.
Characteristics distribution, ecology, capacity of regeneration of species belonging to Pinophyta at Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub.
Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz. Dacrydium elatum (Roxb. Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger. Cunninghamia knonishii Hayata.
Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang. Phan ex Aver. Ex- situ conservation. In-situ conservation.
Solution of mechanism, policy and attraction of investment:. Completing the institutional, policy and law. Economic and social Solutions. Challenges and Opportunity.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEMDATION. 56 REFERENCES iv TABLE OF TABLE Table 3. Investigation of species in transect line. Investigation of reproduction trees in transect line.
The composition of Pinophyta species in 9 transect lne. Status of conservation species of Pinophyta branches in Xuan Nha natural conservation. Nature regeneration of Po mu acorrding to line:. Regeneration of Po mu around stool mother:.
Regeneration of Du sam according to the line:. Regeneration around the stool mather of Du sam nui dat. Natural regeneration of Thong nang. Rregeneration of Thong nang around stool mother.
Natural regeneration in lines Green Technology. Regeneration of species around the mother Calocedrus trees. Regeneration of Amentotaxus argotaenia under parent tree. The status of Pinus kwangtungensis.
The status of Pinus cernua. INTRODUCTION Botany is rich and diverse with approximately 250,000 species of high plants, including Pinophyta accounted for only 600 species, a modest figure.In Vietnam, most of natural conifers are under threat in certain levels because of natural disaster and human impact. Pinophyta diversity has seriously threatened, many gymnosperm species have economic value, some species are using in comestics and paper industry, some are using in cancer treatment. Profits from the sale of products from pinophyta for human service leads to over exploitation allow severely affected forest to pinophyta diversity.
The development of the national economy exchanged by many hectares of forest were cleared, land for construction of industrial areas and residential areas, new city.Further more, Human activities affect many aspects to environment of forest. Ecosystem change cause pinophyta cannot survive anymore, pollutant also cause bad effect of pinophyta. Global warming destroy habitat and living conditions of pinophyta. Vietnam have about 29 species of Pinophyta living in natural conditions.
Many species of pinophyta is under threatened and endangered level such as Taxus wallichiana, Podocarpus neriifolius, Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Recognizing the value of gymnosperm species, Vietnam government have more concern and protection policy of Pinophyta. Xuan Nha Natural Reserve etablished under Decision No.3440/QD-UBND November 11, 2002 of People’s committee of Son La Province with 60. Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in Moc Chau district, in the south west of Son La Province, The East and the South of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve abut on Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa Province.
In 1991, Goverment released investment project for Xuan Nha Natural Reserve proposed 38.489 ha conservation area, including 15.489 ha protected zones, 22.172 ha ecological restoration zones, 66.436 ha buffer zones. Xuan Nha Nature Reserve have the peak of Pha Luong with 1868m, the highest peak of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in mountainous of Viet-Lao border. Xuan Nha 1 Natural Reserve have two widely and flat valleys cross to the east of Viet-Lao border. The north of valley is Nha River, the south is Nam Can River.
Xuan Nha Natural Reserve where there is decent terrain, steep slopes, low temperature, high elevation above sea level. climatic characteristics suitable for the growth and development of many types of plants, especially the higher peaks of mountain have low temperature where the distribution of some species such as Fokienia hodginsii, Buretiodendron hsienmu, Keteleeria davidiana, Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Madhuca pasquieri.Xuan Nha Natural Reserve is home to 1001 species, 452 genera, 142 families, about 10,4% of total species, 22,5 % of total genera and 48,8% of total families of Viet Nam flora. With the aim to study the characteristics of Pinophyta diversity in the study area for the proposed conservation methods; so I conducted thesis "Conservation of pinophyta diversity in the Xuan Nha Natural Reserve , Son La Province" to contribute to the conservation of flora diversity of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH Objective Contribution for conservation of biodiversity in general and plant species of Pinophyta in particular in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Specific objectives Assess the conservation status of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province.
Assess the conservation status of regeneration trees of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province. Propose conservation solution to contribute in protect biodiversity of pinophyta in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve. Content of Research Assessment the status of plant species of pinophyta in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Study ecosystems characteristic, habitat and distribution of pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve. Research in challenge and oppotunity of pinophyta conservation in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve.
Subjects - scope of Research Subjects : Pinophyta in study area. Scope : The thesis focus on determine species composition, biological and ecological characteristics, the distribution of Pinophyta plants. Assessment of conservation and propose solutions to conserve pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province. METHODS OF RESEARCH 3.
Field Investigation Method 3. Transect line method The transect line are used to illustrate a particular gradient or linear pattern along the communities of pinophyta species. They provide a good way of being able to clearly visualise the changes taking place along the line. The transect line have design in the map depend on the discussion with local experts and rangers of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve.
Using GPS to determine the distribution of species in transect line in the map of flora of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve. Transect 1 : Khò Hồng hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 2 : Chiềng Hin hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 3 : Pha Luông hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 4 : Thín hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 5 : Chiềng Nưa hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 6 : Tây Tà Lào hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 7 : Ngà hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 8 : Cột Mộc hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect 9 : Mường An hamlet - An hamlet 3. Field investigation Investigate the distribution and density of pinophyta species. Using GPS to determine the high density areas, the high biodiversity areas, the good condition areas.
Investigate the harmful factors which destroy environment, ecosystem and habitat of plant. Investigation of high individuals species 4 This method use to evaluate the status of species and investigate the factors affected those species. Setting up sample plots to study some physiological characteristics of the species. Investigate and measure individuals species in selecting areas to find out growth rate.
Investigate, collect speciment, calculate all of the individuals species found in diameter at breast height (D1.3) greater than or equal to 6cm.3 measured by calipers glasses Measuring tree height (HVN) and the high under branch (Hdc) by Blummleiss measure. Measuring canopy diameter (Dt) by tape in two dimensions East - West and South. For the trees difficult to measure (due to difficult terrain) using empirical observation position from the tree was measured. Investigation of species in transect line Transect line.
Coordinates of transect line. Days of investigation : Researchers : No Areas Species D1.3(cm) Hvn(m) Dt(m) Height Status Note 1 b. investigation of reproduction species Investigation of natural reproduction species along the transect line. Observe the status of those species, specially the species near parent trees.
Investigation of reproduction trees in transect line Transect line. Coordinates of transect line. Days of investigation : Researchers : Source of No Species Hight of trees ( cm ) Growth rate reproduction 50- <50 >100 Seeds Buds A B C 100 Note : A : Good B : Normal C : Bad 6 Investigation of natural reproduction species near parent trees. Set up the sample plots with the size of 4m2 (2m x 2m) around the parent trees by four directions, 4 plots in canopy, 4 plots out of canopy.
Determine the density of reproduction trees : Density (N) is calculated using the formula: N = (N / S) × 10000 (trees / ha) We have : N: the number of counted trees in the area of S (tree) S: measurement area (m2) c / Determination of the distribution by elevation. Using GPS to determine the distribution by elevation of each individual species. Based on the results of the investigation of the distribution of species and topographic maps were digitized under different elevation to divide by the appropriate elevation and precise. d / Identifying competitive species.
Using the formula of Hegyi (1974) applied to calculate the competitiveness index of central plant : We have : Cj is a competitiveness index of tree species j for the center, the greater Cj compete means that greater compete with central plant. Dj is the diameter at breast height of competition plant j Dj is the diameter at breast height of central plant Lij is the distance from central plant to competition plant j Cell radius = diameter of the largest canopy of central plant 3. Non-Field Investigation Method 3. Interview 7 Interview local people and local officials to get information about what people affect to forest plant and forest product.
This method is used to assess about the awareness of local community and tourist about Pinophyta species. Interview is the best survey method,beccause this method can get information from large number of people in community about a specific subject in a short period of time. Data processing and analysis - Using computer to summary data, using excel make table and do the presentation. - Make a list of plant in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve.
Calculate the average value of the species: D1.