Nghiên cứu về các yếu tố quyết định cấu trúc vốn tại các công ty niêm yết trên sàn HOSE

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích determinants of capital structure evidence from listed companies on hochiminh stock exchange, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả

Chuyên ngành

Banking and Finance

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Master Thesis

2011

104
2
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. The structure of the research

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical and Empirical Findings

2.2. Potential determinants of capital structure

2.3. Non-debt tax shield (NDTS)

2.4. Measures of capital structure/financial leverage

2.5. Financial leverage of firms

2.6. Decomposition of total debt into short-term and long-term debt ratios

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research sample description

3.2. Empirical model specifications

4. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1. Correlation matrix of explanatory variables

4.2. Results of Model 1

4.3. Results of Model 2

4.4. Results of Model 3

Appendix A – Regression results of 3 models

Appendix B – Research data set (2006 – 2010)

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HOCHIMINH CITY ----------o0o--------- VĂNG NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG THẢO DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE EVIDENCE FROM LISTED COMPANIES ON HOCHIMINH STOCK EXCHANGE MASTER THESIS Ho Chi Minh City - 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HOCHIMINH CITY ----------o0o--------- VĂNG NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG THẢO DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE EVIDENCE FROM LISTED COMPANIES ON HOCHIMINH STOCK EXCHANGE MAJOR: BANKING AND FINANCE MAJOR CODE : 60.12 MASTER THESIS INSTRUCTOR : ASSOC. PHẠM VĂN NĂNG Ho Chi Minh City - 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my research Instructor, Associate Professor – Doctor Pham Van Nang for his intensive support, valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement during the course of my study. My sincere gratitude are also due to Doctor Vo Xuan Vinh for his valuable feedback on the problems of the study. I would like to express my thanks to all of my lecturers at Banking and Finance Faculty, University of Economics Hochiminh City for their teaching and guidance during my Master of Banking and Finance course. Moreover, I would like to specially express my thanks to all of my classmates, my friends for their support and encouragement. My final and greatest thanks are sent to my family including my parents, my brothers, my husband and my baby who are the greatest encouragement for me to overcome all difficulties in my life. i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT This thesis research the explanatory power of some of the literary theories that have been propounded to explain variations in capital structures across firms. In specific, this thesis investigates capital structure determinants of firms listed on Hochiminh Stock Exchange based on a panel data set from 2006 to 2010 comprising 77 companies. Main characteristic of Vietnamese firms, including firms listed on Hochiminh Stock Exchange, is short-term debt comprises a considerable part of firms’ total debt. An analysis of determinants of leverage based on total debt ratios may hide significant differences in the determinants of long and short-term forms of debt. Therefore, this thesis studies determinants of total debt ratios as well as determinants of short-term and long-term debt ratios. The thesis consider the impact of those ratios on capital structure during period 2006-2010 to consider whether there was any different from before, in and after the financial crisis. The thesis also tests the different choice of capital structure of eleven groups of industries. And the last answer should be find out is the difference of capital structure of firms with different size. Keywords: Capital structure, Vietnam, HOSE. ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS Acknowledgement .iii List of Tables . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . The structure of the research . 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Theoretical and Empirical Findings . Potential determinants of capital structure. Non-debt tax shield (NDTS) . 11 iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Measures of capital structure/financial leverage . Financial leverage of firms. Decomposition of total debt into short-term and long-term debt ratios . 19 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .1 Research sample description . Empirical model specifications . 24 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS . 26 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 Correlation matrix of explanatory variables .4 Results of Model 1.5 Results of Model 2.6 Results of Model 3. 47 Appendix A – Regression results of 3 models . 52 Appendix B – Research data set (2006 – 2010) . 76 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Short-term vs. long-term debt . Short-term debt ratios and firm sizes . Long-term debt ratios and firm sizes . Potential determinants of capital structure, corresponding measures, and expected effect on financial leverage . Summary of the industry structure . Descriptive statistics of the variables used in the study for the non- financial firms listed on HOSE for the period 2006 to 2010 . Comparative means for different size of firms . Correlation coefficients among the explanatory variables . The reported results of Model 1 . The reported results of Model 2 . The reported results of Model 3 . Results of Model 1 : Fixed Effects versus Random Effects . Results of Model 3 : Fixed Effects versus Random Effects . 41 vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABBREVIATIONS HOSE Hochiminh Stock Exchange PROF Profitability SIZE Firm size TANG Asset tangibility GRO Growth opportunities NDTS Non-debt tax shield INVAR Income variability TDTA Total debt to total assets SDTA Short-term debt to total assets LDTA Long-term debt to total assets vii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction One of the tough challenges that firms face is the choice of capital structure. Capital structure decision is important because it affects the financial performance of the firm. The capital structure of a firm is defined by Abor J.438-45) as specific mix of debt and equity that a firm uses to finance its operations. The modern theory of capital structure was firstly established by Modigliani and Miller (1958). Thirty-seven years later, Rajan and Zingales (1995, p. 1421) stated: “Theory has clearly made some progress on the subject. We now understand the most important departures from the Modigliani and Miller assumptions that make capital structure relevant to a firm’s value. However, very little is known about the empirical relevance of the different theories”. Similarly, Harris and Raviv (1991, p. 299) in their survey of capital structure theories claimed: “The models surveyed have identified a large number of potential determinants of capital structure. The empirical work so far has not, however, sorted out which of these are important in various contexts.” Thus, several conditional theories of capital structure exist (none is universal), but very little is known about their empirical relevance. Moreover, the existing empirical evidence is based mainly on data from developed countries (G7 countries). Findings based on data from developing countries have not appeared until recently – for example Booth et al. So far, no study has been published based on data from Vietnam (especially the Hochiminh Stock Exchange (HOSE)), at least to the extent of this author’s knowledge. The main goal of this thesis is to fill this gap, exploring the case of the listed firms in HOSE. The remainder of this chapter provides general introduction about the research objectives, research methodology and the structure of the research. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure 1. Research objectives The research is planned in the context of firms listed on Hochiminh Stock exchange of Vietnam. The purpose of this thesis is to empirically examine the link between a number of potential capital structure determinants and debt measures for non-financial Vietnamese firms listed on HOSE for the period of 2006-2010. The purpose of this research is looking for answers to the following questions: Q1.: How is financial leverage (total debt ratio, long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio) of listed firms in Hochiminh Stock Exchange impacted by determinants of capital structure (profitability, size, firm tangibility (asset structure), growth opportunities, non-debt tax shield, and income variability)? Are these impacts shifted over years? Q2.: What are the effects of industry dummies on those impacts? Q3.: Are the determinants different in firms of different size (small, medium and large size)? 1. Research methodology The research uses a firm-level panel data set of 77 publicly traded non-financial firms on Hochiminh Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2010. The empirical steps to examine the above mentioned research objectives proceed as follows :  Descriptive statistics  Correlation matrix  Using random effects logistic regression model to test the determinants of capital structure 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure Stata software version 11 is used as an data analysis tool to implement this research. The structure of the research The structure of the study consist five chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter presents introduction of the thesis, as well as research objectives and research methodology. Chapter 2: Literature Review A summary of the literature review is provided, including the potential determinants of capital structure as well as some variables to explain the reasons for firms to choose debt measures. Chapter 3: Research Methodology Based on the research objectives, research methodology concerned in chapter 1, and literature review presented in chapter 2, this chapter particularly presents the data and empirical model specifications. Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings Chapter 4 presents the analysis of results from the study. We use descriptive statistics to explore the features of explanatory variables and correlation matrix to present the relationship between explanatory variables. Furthermore, we use regression analysis to explore the impacts of debt measures on the determinants of the capital structure of listed firms on Hochiminh Stock Exchange. Chapter 5: Conclusions 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure Chapter 5 presents main conclusions and the limitations of this thesis. From the results of the previous chapters as well as those limitations, some recommendations are suggested by the author. 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Introduction In this chapter, a summary of the literature review is provided, including the potential determinants of capital structure as well as some variables to explain the reasons for firms to choose debt measures. The purpose of this review is to provide the background for the research hypotheses. Theoretical and Empirical Findings According to Myers (2001, p. 81), “there is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one”. However, there are several useful conditional theories, each of which helps to understand the debt-to-equity structure that firms choose. These theories can be divided into two groups – either they predict the existence of the optimal debt-equity ratio for each firm (so-called static trade-off models) or they declare that there is no well-defined target capital structure (pecking-order hypothesis). Static trade-off models understand the optimal capital structure as an optimal solution of a trade-off, for example the trade-off between a tax shield and the costs of financial distress in the case of trade-off theory. According to this theory the optimal capital structure is achieved when the marginal present value of the tax shield on additional debt is equal to the marginal present value of the costs of financial distress on additional debt. The trade-off between the benefits of signaling and the costs of financial distress in the case of signaling theory implies that a company chooses debt ratio as a signal about its type. Therefore, in the case of a good company, the debt must be large enough to act as an incentive compatible signal, i., it does not pay off for a bad company to mimic it. In the case of agency theory the trade-off between agency costs stipulates that the optimal capital structure is achieved when agency costs are minimized. Finally, the trade-off 5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Determinants of Capital Structure between costs of financial distress and increase of efficiency in the case of free cash-flow theory, which is designed mainly for firms with extra-high free cash- flows, suggests that the high debt ratio disciplines managers to pay out cash instead of investing it below the cost of capital or wasting it on organisational inefficiencies. On the other hand, the pecking-order theory suggests that there is no optimal capital structure. Firms are supposed to prefer internal financing (retained earnings) to external funds. When internal cash-flow is not sufficient to finance capital expenditures, firms will borrow, rather than issue equity. Therefore there is no well-defined optimal leverage, because there are two kinds of equity, internal and external, one at the top of the pecking order and one at the bottom. Existing empirical evidence is based mainly on data from developed countries. For example Bradley et al.

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