FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FALCUTY OF BANKING AND FINANCE ------oOo------ ECONOMETRICS REPORT Topic: FACTORS AFFECTING THE MARKET PRICE OF STOCKS OF JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE Table of Contents ABSTRACT. 6 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC .1 Introduction of commercial banks.1 Market value of shares .2 Random Walk Theory of Stock Prices .3 The efficient market hypothesis .4 Par-value of common stocks .5 Book value of common stocks .6 Relationship between Risk & Return – Quantification – SML line .1 Research on the impact of GDP .2 Research on the effect of return on equity (ROE) .3 Research on the effect of return on total assets (ROA).4 Research on the effect of profitability (EPS) .5 Research on the effect of Net Profit Margin (NIM) .6 Research on the effect of profit growth rate .7 Research on the effect of credit growth .8 Research on the effect of non- performing loan ratio (NPL).9 Research on the effect of stock market price/book value ratio (P/B). 20 CHAPTER 2: MODEL SPECIFICATION .2 Regression model building. 28 CHAPTER 3: ESTIMATED MODEL AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE 31 3.1 The result and interpretation of the estimation .2 Testing statistical significance of the regression coefficients .3 Diagnosing problems of the model .5 Result after fixing model errors.
40 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 51 2 Table of Figures Figure 1. Variables & Method of Measurement. Variables & Expected Results.
Result of OLS method. 41 4 ABSTRACT Banks play a very crucial role in the economic life of every nation. The banking sector is an industry and a section of the economy devoted to the holding of financial assets for others and investing those financial assets as a leveraged way to create more wealth. Due to the relationship between banking growth and economic development, the banking stock attracts lots of interest from both investors domestically and internationally.
However, the unpredictable fluctuations of stock prices cause significant obstacles for businesses in policy making, and for investors in making investment decisions. Therefore, understanding about stocks and factors affecting share prices helps businesses and investors to be more proactive in realizing these goals. With the goal of identifying and evaluating the impact of factors affecting banking stock prices, through the theory of stock prices and factors affecting banking stock prices, we have built a regression model to evaluate the impact of a number of factors on the banking stock prices of companies listed in Ho Chi Minh city stock exchange (HoSE) and Hanoi stock exchange (HNX) These factors include: GDP growth, ROE, ROA, EPS, Profit growth, NIM, Credit growth, non-performing loans, P/B. On the basis of the regression results, we perform the analysis and give an explanatory view on the influence of the factors, the unaffected factors, the factors excluded from the model.
Finally, we would like to make some comments and suggestions on the policy making of enterprises (or the government) in the coming time. We sincerely thank our instructor – PhD. Vu Thi Phuong Mai who was guiding us with this report. In the process of working on this report, due to the time restriction and limitations in the database, as well as our fundamental knowledge of understanding and collecting data, errors and omissions are inevitable in our report.
Thus, we are eager to receive your comments and recommendations so that our group can improve and complete this report. Your feedback is an honor for us to ameliorate our skills and complete this report properly. Reasons for choosing the topic In recent years, the contributions of the Vietnamese commercial banking system to the process of innovating, accelerating the economy, developing industrialization and modernization have become enormous. Commercial banks are not only an important source of capital for the economy but also maintain a stable purchasing power of the currency.
Along with the development of reform and innovation, the growth in quantity and quality of Vietnam's commercial banking system is very dramatical. That is reflected in the increase in equity, total assets, diversification of provided services and the contribution of this industry to the annual GDP. Following the growth of the number of commercial banks is fierce competition as banks with 100% foreign investment have huge capital resources, professional staff, while domestic commercial banks only have little authorized capital, staff qualifications and leadership are very weak, so it faces many problems when competing with foreign banks. Therefore, commercial banks are always looking for ways to attract capital to meet the State Bank's demand for legal capital and increase competitiveness.
Issuing shares on the stock exchange is the fastest and cheapest way to attract capital, so it quickly becomes a popular activity of commercial banks. Moreover, Stock is also one of the factors that reflect the efficiency of the banking system. It can be seen that the stock price of commercial banks on the stock market changes constantly. Therefore, joint-stock commercial banks need to pay attention and identify the influencing factors as well as their impact on the stock price from which they can develop strategies to find out opportunities and minimize risks.
There are numerous factors such as economic and financial news that will affect the stock returns that investors are holding. In recent years, the factors affecting stock prices have become a prominent topic for financial researchers. Only small fluctuations in stock prices can create profitable or risky opportunities for commercial banks and investors. Realizing the importance as well as the urgency of carefully studying the factors affecting the stock prices of commercial banks, my team decided to choose the topic “Research on factors affecting the market price of shares of joint stock commercial banks listed on the stock exchange”.
Research questions & objectives The main objective of our study is to assess the impact of crucial factors on stock prices of joint-stock commercial banks listed on Vietnam's stock market in order to evaluate the influence of these factors on stock prices. From there, based on the obtained analysis and testing results, we make some recommendations for joint-stock commercial banks listed on Vietnam's stock market to minimize risks. In building this research, we want to answer these following questions: - What are the factors that affect the price of joint-stock commercial banks listed on the Vietnamese stock market? - To what extent do those factors affect the stocks’ price? - What are the recommendations for joint-stock commercial banks listed on the Vietnamese stock market? Research subject and scope of research: - Research subject: Common stock prices and factors affecting stock prices of joint- stock commercial banks listed on Vietnam's stock market - Scope of the research: Joint-stock commercial banks listed on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2020. Research methodology Quantitative method: We use the descriptive statistics method to show the basic characteristics of the collected data.
Then, the regression analysis method is applied to help build a model of the factors affecting the stock price market. From the above data, we continue to test the research hypotheses. In this thesis, the software used is STATA. The data source used for the study is the audited annual report data, General Statistics Office of Vietnam and Vietstock database in 2013-2020 of 6 joint-stock commercial banks listed on the Vietnam’s stock market.
The structure of report Apart from Table of Contents Table of Figures, Abstract, Introduction; our report includes the following contents: Chapter 1: Overview of the topic 7 Chapter 2: Model specification Chapter 3: Estimated model and statistical inference Chapter 4: Recommendations References Appendix Individual assessment 8 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC 1.1 Introduction of commercial banks A commercial bank is a bank that deals in money for profit. Commercial banks mainly and regularly receive deposits from customers to provide credit and perform discount operations and as a means of payment. As a business organization, commercial banks' operations are based on the economic accounting regime with the aim of making profits. Commercial banks are permitted by law to conduct a wide range of banking business operations, such as: receiving term and demand deposits; performing discount operations; payment services; raising capital by issuing debt certificates… In short, a commercial bank is a type of intermediary financial institution doing business in the field of money and banking services.
This is the most important intermediary financial institution in the market economy, contributing to the creation and supply of capital for the economy, facilitating and promoting socio-economic development.1 Market value of shares The market value of a stock is the price the stock is at a given time traded on the stock market. Depending on the supply-demand relationship, the market price may be higher, lower or equal to its actual value at the time of transaction. The supply-demand relationship of stocks is affected by many economic, political and social factors, the most important of which is the company's market price and its profitability. In addition, investors' expectations about the performance of business operations, the profitability of a company in the future will be reflected in the market value of shares.
The market price of shares is determined and measured by the share price obtained from the result of trading orders. The market value of shares is affected by many factors both internal and external to the business. The volatility of the market value of shares is the change in the trading price on the stock market of listed companies. Volatility in the market value of a stock is understood as the uncertainty of changes in a stock's price around the average value of the stock itself.
A stock is said to be highly volatile when the share price 9 during that period deviates greatly from the average value of the stock itself; conversely, a stock is said to be volatile. volatility is low when a stock's price during that period does not deviate significantly from its average value.2 Random Walk Theory of Stock Prices The results of the study of economist Maurice Kendall (1953) on stock prices in the market confirm that stock prices change randomly and unpredictably. This is the essence of the argument that stock prices should follow a random walk, meaning that price changes should be random and unpredictable. In addition to evidence of market irrationality, randomly fluctuating stock prices would be a necessary result of smart investors competing for information to buy or sell a security before the rest of the market.
The market is aware of that information. In other words, the change in the stock price in the market is a "random walk". According to Kendall, if stock prices are predictable and he uses his method to predict stock prices in the near term, then investors will immediately look for ways to achieve consistent returns. tend to buy stocks when they can predict that the share price will trend up and conversely sell stocks when they predict it will trend down.
If this happens, it can disappear immediately because the prediction of a future uptrend in the security's price will immediately increase the demand for the security at present which leads to the current price of the security setting up. On the contrary, any judgment about the possibility of a decrease in stock prices in the future will immediately cause the demand for securities to decrease, leading to a decrease in stock prices. Thus, it can be asserted that stock prices will immediately react to any new information that is thought to be implicit in the prediction of the "random walk" model. Don’t confuse randomness in price changes with irrationality in the level of prices.
If prices are determined rationally, then only new information will cause them to change. Therefore, a random walk would be the natural result of prices that always reflect all current knowledge. Indeed, if stock price movements were predictable, that would be damning evidence of stock market inefficiency, because the ability to predict prices would indicate that all available information was not already reflected in stock prices.