BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------------------------------- GRADUATION THESIS CHALLENGES IN USING ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN BANKING AND FINANCE SECTOR Supervisor: Tran Thi Thanh Giang Student: Nguyen Le Thao Ngan Class: K20ATCB Academic Year: 2017 - 2021 Student ID: 20A7510125 Hanoi, May 2021 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I declare that the graduation thesis “Challenges in using English language in written communication in the banking and finance sector” is done by me under the guidance of Ms. Tran Thi Thanh Giang. Signature Name: Nguyen Le Thao Ngan Date: May 23th, 2021 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I am really grateful to Ms. Tran Thi Thanh Giang for the dedicated guidance and support during the course of this research for over the past two months.
The frequent meetings and review sessions were very much appreciated and provided a number of useful insights which aided in the completion of this research. I would also like to thank all of the participants taking part in the interviews - the specialists, the analysts, the supporters, and the interns who are working for MSB Bank, TNEX bank and Ernst & Young Vietnam Ltd - helping me in implementing the interviews, getting valued information and discovering new findings for the research. Finally, I would like to thank my family for all of the cheering and encouraging me, giving me strength to complete this research. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
vi LIST OF TABLES. vii LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF APPENDIXES.2 Background of the study .3 Objectives of the study .4 Significance of the study .5 Scope and limitations of the study .6 Definition of terms .4 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .3 Common communication barriers .4 Written communication in the workplace .1 Common forms of written communication in the workplace .2 Characteristics of effective written communication the workplace .3 Challenges to written communication in English the workplace .4 Strategies to deal with the challenges to English written communication in the workplace .17 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .1 Locale of the study .3 Population and Sample description .5 Data collection procedure .7 Reliability and validity .28 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .1 Use of English for written communication in the workplace .1 Common forms of written communication in English .2 Level of use .3 Solutions for the challenges.1 Summary of findings .1 Recommendations to workplace challenges in written communication in English .2 Room for improvement .54 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BELF - Business English as Lingua Franca HR – Human Resouces IT – Information Technology JD – Job Description vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Differences between internal communication and external communication .10 Table 2: Interview participants’ profiles .22 Table 4: Forms of written communication in English used by participants .31 Table 5: The frequency of using English for written communication .35 Table 6: Target audiences in English written communication .37 Table 7: Summary of challenges .46 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Communication Process Model .5 Figure 2: Media richness levels.7 Figure 3: Detail components of communicative competences .18 Figure 4: Steps for the thematic analysis .27 viii LIST OF APPENDIXES APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS .59 APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEWS TRANSCRIPT (VIETNAMESE).63 APPENDIX 3: CONSENT FORM .77 ix Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 ABSTRACT English is the worldwide language, used to interact and comprehend by people from all over the world, regardless of their native speech. It has become a norm for communicating in the professional working environment, not only in daily conversational interactions but also in formal written communication, as a result of global economic integration and the rapid expansion of multinational corporations.
The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges in using English language for written communication in the banking and financial sector. Specifically, three main areas of the research are explored: the use of English for written communication in the workplace, the challenges in using English for written communication in the working environment and the solutions adopted to deal with the challenges. To achieve these objectives, semi-structured interviews were implemented online with 10 participants working in the banking and financial sector. Each of the interviews lasted about 6 to 15 minutes with 9 to 10 main questions.
After analyzing data from interviews, a number of major challenges are discovered including challenges related to advanced knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, writing style, expressing ideas, the length of working and the fright of embarrassment from mistakes. Using translation tools and asking help from mentors are solutions adopted to deal with the challenges. The study somehow helps banking and financial organizations with understanding the benefits and drawbacks of the working environment in order to encourage employees to improve not only their ability to use English language in writing activities but also their productivity. In addition, the study serves as a warning for students majoring in the banking and finance sector to be aware of difficulties when using English for written communication in the workplace.
From that, they can focus on studying, training themselves better in order not to panic when facing challenges in the workplace. This research can be a reference for other research discussing the problem relating to the difficulties in using English written communication in the working environment in the future. x Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction English is the most popular international language which people from different countries use to communicate and understand each other regardless of their mother tongue. According to “What is the most spoken language?” (Ethnologue, 2021), the number of English native speakers reportedly ranks third in the world, (after Mandarin and Spanish) but English's non-native speakers dominate the world with nearly one billion people and this language is widely used in more than 140 countries.
Given the global economic integration and the rapid expansion of multinational enterprises, English has become a standard for communicating in the professional working environment, not only in daily oral conversations but also in formal written communication. Despite the popularity of English, using it efficiently in the workplace in developing countries like Vietnam is still a huge challenge. While English teaching activities have rapidly developed in recent years with a plethora of new English centers opened, statistical numbers show the significant complaints of many companies about employees' capability of using English in the working environment. This problem motivated the researcher - a student from the Faculty of Foreign Languages - to do research on the difficulties in using English language in written communication in the banking and financial sector.
The study collected and analyzed primary data on what challenges the professionals working in the banking and financial environment have faced.2 Background of the study There have been a number of studies on using English in the workplace before. In particular, Cheng et al. (2020) did research on identifying English language use and communication challenges on Canadian immigrants. Besides, the research on investigating different views on writing in the workplace among employees with English as a Second Language was conducted by Hu & Gonzales (2020).
1 Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 Furthermore, Takino (2016) illustrated BELF users' stories in negotiating the challenges of using English in business communication. Schachtebeck & Diniso (2017) found out the barriers to career progression: perception of Black African middle managers in the South African Banking sector. In Vietnam, there is a study of Tram (2020) that provided an insight into English oral communication competencies among business administration graduates from workplace perspectives. Although a wide range of research papers have addressed challenges in using English in the workplace, little has been done in Vietnam, especially in written communication and in the banking and financial industry.
The differences between using English at school and that in the working environment may not receive undergraduate students’ due attention. Meanwhile, there are certain complaints of fresh graduates using English in their businesses. In addition, Mr. Le Khac Hiep, General Director of ADT International Joint Stock Company stated that fresh graduates lack a lot of soft skills such as communication, presentation and foreign languages.
There have been many foreign language learning movements in Vietnam, but this cannot turn foreign languages into a "weapon" in the workplace. Many students can communicate in English in simple ways, but when working in the import and export sector, they cannot deal with a contract. These important factors inspired the researcher to conduct this research.3 Objectives of the study The study aims at examining the challenges of using English language for written communication in the banking and financial sector. Accordingly, the following research objectives are set to achieve: Identifying the use of English for written communication in the banking and financial sector regarding common forms, levels of use and target audience; Finding out challenges to written communication in English in the banking and financial sector; Examining ways adopted to deal with the challenges.
2 Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 1.4 Significance of the study To all the stakeholders concerned, the study analyzes the current situation of using English language in the banking and finance industry, defining difficulties and ways to improve the situation. In addition, the study serves as one of the reference sources for the banking and financial companies to know the advantages and disadvantages of the working environment in encouraging staff to use the English language. Then, companies can adjust their training and workload distribution to help the staff improve themselves and optimize their human resources. With the students majoring in English for banking and finance or English for commerce, the study helps them to be aware of the difficulties when using English in the workplace.
From that, they can train themselves to learn English better to succeed in a working environment. Moreover, this study will add a contextualized topic to the research area in banking and finance.5 Scope and limitations of the study 1.1 Scope The focus of the study is challenges to written communication in English in the banking and financial field of Vietnam. The research locale was banking and financial institutions in Hanoi, Vietnam, both local and foreign owned. The participants are working in both foreign businesses and local businesses.
Hanoi is the center of economic, commercial and banking, finance activities. Therefore, the demand of using English in the working environment in Hanoi is at high level in comparison with other areas. The data from interviews was collected from 28th April 2021 to 05th May 2021.2 Research limitations A number of limitations came on the way of the study: Limited access to the research population, i. banking and financial professionals may restrict the wider coverage of the data.
3 Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 A small sample size of ten professionals involved in the study was a constraint on the generalization of the results to a wider or more varied population in the banking and finance sector. Time constraints also limited the researcher’s deeper insight into empirical research papers on the topic and professional skills needed for conducting a successful interview and analyzing the data The analysis of the data gathered from the interview was based on the interpretation of the researcher with little relevant professional experience, which may not avoid subjectivity and certain bias.6 Definition of terms Written communication in the workplace involves writing for work-related purposes or business writing and conveying messages which can be expressed in a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph or multiple paragraphs. Challenge is “(the situation of being faced with) something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability”. Lingua francas are “languages used for communication between individuals for whom they are not the first”.
(Knapp & Meierkord, 2002) 4 Nguyen Le Thao Ngan - K20ATCB – 20A7510125 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Communication process Figure 1 presents the communication process put forward by McShane & Glinow (2010).