Nghiên cứu tác động của debt tax shield đến giá trị công ty: Bằng chứng từ các công ty niêm yết ...

Nghiên cứu tác động của thuế nợ đến giá trị doanh nghiệp niêm yết tại Việt Nam, cung cấp bằng chứng thực nghiệm và phân tích sâu sắc.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

thesis

2017

85
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research objective

1.3. Scope of study

1.4. Thesis structure

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical literature review

2.1.1. Modigliani and Miller and capital structure theory (MM Model)

2.1.2. Trade-off theory

2.1.3. Financial distress

2.2. The optimal capital structure and the value of the firm

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEBT TAX SHIELD AND FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LISTED COMPANIES IN VIETNAM BY NGUYEN THI HONG HOA MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, OCTOBER 2017 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEBT TAX SHIELD AND FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LISTED COMPANIES IN VIETNAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYEN THI HONG HOA Academic Supervisor: VU VIET QUANG HO CHI MINH CITY, OCTOBER 2017 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would first like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Vu Viet Quang of the Vietnam – The Netherlands Programme (VNP) at Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics. He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever he thought I needed it. I would like to express my gratitude to the VNP officers who were involved in my thesis process by updating thesis schedule and providing good condition for my research process. Without their passionate participation, the thesis process could not have been successfully conducted. Finally, thanks are also due to my classmates for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Nguyen Thi Hong Hoa Ho Chi Minh City, October 2017 Page i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT In the present study, panel data in fiscal year from 2008 to 2015 has been collected to reveal the interaction between debt tax shield and firm value. The main purpose is to examine the value of debt tax shield and its effect on firm value toward taxation. The reverse approach is employed in which the future profitability is regressed on firm value and debt using non-linear least square. The advantage of reverse method is to shift measurement bias in future operating income to the regression residual and to enhance the usefulness of market factors to control for risk and expected growth. This way also includes nontax information in the market value variable. As a result, debt tax shield has negative effect on firm value. The predicted value for debt tax shield approximately gets 37 percent of debt or gets 9.5 percent of firm value. Page ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter Page Acknowledgement . ii Table of content . iii List of tables .v List of figures . Scope of study . Modigliani and Miller and capital structure theory (MM Model) . Trade-off theory . Theory of Agency costs . Variables and measures . Empirical result and discussions . The statistic descriptions of variables . 41 Page iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.xi Page iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Summary statistics from linear regression explaining the Value of firm (un-deflated intercept) . Summary statistics from linear regression explaining the Value of firm with deflated intercept . Valuation of debt tax shield (  ) from reverse regression, No Control for Capitalization Rates . Valuation of debt tax shield (  ) from quantile regression according to industry effect . Valuation of the debt tax shield (  ) from nonlinear Regression . Summary statistics from Nonlinear regression with interest expense . State ownership and firm performance from nonlinear Regression .51 Page v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. The optimal capital structure and the value of the firm . Distribution of future operating income .38 Page vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Problem statement In corporate finance’s perspective, one of the most important decisions of a particular firm is to determine the optimal level of its capital structure or financial leverage. However, the issue of firm’s capital structure has been controversially argued among researchers (Akhtar & Oliver, 2009). In addition, financial leverage has become more important since there are a large number of corporations using debt as a main instrument to raise its capital. The relationship between taxation and capital structure has been empirically examined from a large number of developed countries such as the U.S and European countries with many institutional similarities. It is necessary for a research about enterprise taxation influences to operating income in Asian countries. Vietnam context would be selected for analysis because Vietnam is an Asian developing country with a low income and fresh stock exchange compared to other economies in Asia. At the aim of maximizing benefit and minimizing risk, a firm will choose the suitable capital structure to balance the costs and the benefits. Therefore, the notion of deciding the ratio between debt and equity is always concerned at high level. It is believed that the tax policy affect the firm’s financing. Indeed tax is an essential component in firm’s activities and affects firm’s debt policy basing on deduction from interest expense. It seems like that the only channel for firms to obtain funds is through bank borrowing in Vietnam. Discovering how big magnitude tax affects firm profitability to find out the relationship between firm value, debt and corporate tax. By this investigation, it is hopeful that there is appropriate guidance for effective application of debt. Thus, above research context creates two research questions: (1) Does debt give impacts on performance of Vietnamese firms? (2) How big does the magnitude of net debt tax shield affect firm value? Page 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Research objective This first purpose aims to value the magnitude of debt tax shield, besides that there is another tendency to test the effect of tax to debt ratio in the scope of this research of Vietnamese enterprise in the stock market. Many researches build firm value as function of debt and unrecognized measures of future operating income, yet this study is based on an approach by regressing future operating income on firm value, debt and controlling for firm-level capitalization rates (Kemsley & Nissim, 2002). According to Kemsley and Nissim (2002) relying on reversed approach of future operating income, any unexpected result of profitability is collected to the regression residual without effecting on debt; simultaneously, the market value as independent variable hold nontax information from debt. In addition, considering the market value as market-based variable is useful to control for the risk and expected growth by Kemsley and Nissim (2002). We use interest expense to investigate the magnitude of debt. In case enterprises receive benefit from corporate tax of debt, it is expected that there will have useful measures from revealing this relationship. It is essential to find out the limitation sourcing from debt to restrict this limitation of debt. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are: (1) Examining the impact of debt on firm performance (2) Value the magnitude of net debt tax shield. Giving some implications for Vietnamese firms to improve their performance. (3) Revealing the role of state ownership on firm performance 1. Scope of study This study examines the effects of taxation on firm performance in the context of Vietnamese companies. The firm data is collected from 262 companies in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in fiscal year 2008 to 2015 on the following required variables: total assets, net operating assets, interest expense, debt, future operating income, total market value. The firm performance in this research only focuses on financial performance. The Page 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com panel dataset is collected from Orbit database and Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange database and data from Vietstock. This study attempts to follow quantitative analysis by applying nonlinear least square regression model on the panel data of Vietnamese firms, which are listed in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). The panel data would be employed to review the operation of firm performance when putting tax across years. At the aspect of econometric model, this study utilizes the nonlinear least square regression model to examine the value of debt tax shield relative to firm value. Thesis structure The remaining of this study includes four chapters. First, chapter 2 discusses the theoretical and empirical literature related to taxation and its relationship with firm performance. This section primarily introduces the definitions of key concepts in this study, main theories about taxation and debt and lists out main empirical findings of prominent studies on taxation relationship. This background would be the basis to form the conceptual framework utilized in this study. Second, chapter 3 reveals the research methodology including conceptual framework, estimation method and variable description to establish the econometric models based on the conceptual framework. Third, chapter 4 presents data and the descriptive statistics, regression results and discussions on the main findings of the study. Finally, chapter 5 expresses the conclusions, policy implementations based on the main findings. In addition, this part also discusses the research limitations and future development of the topic. Page 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter comprises the theoretical review and empirical review. First, literature review is the summary of common theories of capital structure analysis such as Modigliani and Miller theory, trade-off theory, and theory of agency costs. Then, on the ground of on those above theories, empirical review give an overview of the contribution of previous studies on the development of capital structure analysis. Theoretical literature review Overall, there are many theories about firm’s capital structure. This study mentions three theories: Modigliani and Miller theory, trade-off theory, and theory of agency costs. Furthermore, key determinants of leverage would also be analyzed and summarized to fortify the methodology and variables used in this paper. Modigliani and Miller and capital structure theory (MM Model) MM model is developed by Modigliani and Miller (1958) and is also named the modern capital structure theory. It is based on these suppositions: (1) asymmetric information, (2) no transaction costs, (3) there is no firm income tax, (4) without personal income tax, (5) lending interest rate and borrowing interest rate are in consistent, (6) ability to have funding of each individuals or firms is equal, (7) no bankruptcy costs and no financial distress costs, (8) the whole return is shared for owners, there is no share of return for investment. In reality, the market is not similar to the assumptions; yet, two discoveries have the significant impact from the consequence of Modigliani and Miller research. At first, hypothesis of without taxation, this is chief discovery and the introduction for the convenience of debt because of tax relief from interest expense. Next, Modigliani and Miller theory with the finding of variability of cash flow induce the risk. This helps to restrict the risk from mentioning cash flow in case of insolvency. In core, MM theory is stated in two main propositions: Page 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (1) MM proposition I: Firm’s capital structure is not effect to the value of the firm (2) MM proposition II: The cost of equity rises with leverage. Each proposition is considered in turn into the hypothesis of tax and no tax. In the view of no tax, the value of levered firm and value of unlevered firm are equivalent as the formula: VU  VL , where VU is value of firm without debt is, VL is value of firm using debt. Facing the different leverage level, the value of firms does not change. Thus, the change of capital structure does not make the gain to shareholders. It means that the capital structure is irrelevant.

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