BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ THÀNH PHỐ HÒ CHÍ MINH BÁO CÁO TÔNG KẾT ĐÈ TÀI NGHIÊN cứu KHOA HỌC THAM GIA GIẢI THƯỞNG “NHÀ NGHIÊN CỨU TRẺ UEH” NĂM 2024 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: DOES INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY HAVE AN IMPACT ON STABILITY IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: Kinh tê: Tài chính - Ngân hàng.HỒ Chí Minh, tháng 2/2024 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES. 3 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS. Research objectives and research questions. Research subject and scope.
10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. An overview of Information and Communication Technology. Component of ICT. Relationship between ICT development and bank's stability - “Efficiency and Cost theories”.
Empirical reviews of the reality of research. 14 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Variables data and description. Explainatory variable - ICT index.
Bank specific variables. ICT country- level control variables. Research model and variables description. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Regression.
Arellano - Bond ( AR) test. 27 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Arellano- bond lest. Two-step SysGMM regression results and discussion.
31 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.42 3 LIST OF TABLES Table I. Variable list, description and prediction. Descriptive statistics table of variables. Correlation matrix of variables.
First-orderArellano-Bond test, AR(1). Second-order Arellano-Bond test, AR(2). Hansen test result. Two-step SysGMM regression results.
31 4 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ATM Automated Teller Machines ETA Equity / total assets GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product GMM Generalized Method of Moments ICT _____ Information and Communication Technology_____ INF Inflation NIF National Institute for Finance ROA Return On Assets ROE Return On common Equity 5 ABSTRACT Information and Communication Technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness of customer services and improving overall business processes in the banking sector. The swift progression of digital and intelligent technologies is reshaping societies, production methods, and global economies. The banking industry in Vietnam has been at the forefront of embracing Information and Communication Technology in its operations, navigating both opportunities and challenges within the digital transformation landscape. However, the digital transformation of banks entails substantial upfront costs and generates relatively modest profits in the short term.
This research investigates the impact of ICT on the performance and stability of financial institutions, particularly banks in Vietnam, spanning the years 2009 to 2020. The results suggest that preparedness for IT development and implementation significantly influences the stability of banks. The study underscores the necessity for additional research on leveraging ICT to foster the growth of the banking system and underscores the crucial role of these technologies in financial institutions, given their potential to drive long-term operational stability and efficiency. Our research takes a fresh approach to analyzing sustainable development in Vietnam's banking industry.
Unlike previous studies, along with panel data collection, we employ a sophisticated regression method called GMM, offering new insights not previously gleaned from Vietnamese banking data. Furthermore, we move beyond individual banks' ICT capabilities by incorporating national ICT indicators as control variables. This unique approach ensures our assessments are objective and account for broader economic and technological contexts. We delving into the impact of banks' internal factors like governance and risk management practices, providing a more comprehensive examination of the bank's external and internal factors.
The last research gap we want to fill is that previous studies on ICT in Vietnam only mentioned profitability but ignored the important factor of risk. Therefore, in this research article we will include not only the bank's performance but also the bank's risk expressed through the ZScore variable to get a comprehensive picture of sustainable development of banking industry. Research rationale In today's era, Information and Communication Technology has become a determining factor in every aspect of life. With the explosion of the Internet, mobile devices and advancements in communication, ICT has opened new doors for global connectivity and has driven the comprehensive development of society and the economy.
ICT is not limited to merely transmitting information quickly; it is also a powerful driving force behind innovation and creativity. Countries worldwide focus on developing ICT infrastructure, from expanding internet networks to enhancing the use of technology in fields such as education, healthcare, manufacturing and management. One of the major current trends is the boom of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and Block chain. These technologies not only provide new possibilities for automation and process optimization but also create new opportunities for global connectivity and value creation for both individuals and businesses.
ICT is also a big part of our world now. It plays a role in not just one of humanity's most fundamental behavior communication but also in many of our more complex endeavors, like space travel and scientific research. The financial industry as a whole and banking in particular are not an exception to the widespread effects of ICT. Any nation's foundation is its banking and financial sector, which is also essential to its economic expansion.
The primary cause of nations' sluggish social, economic, and even cultural advancement is their incapacity to identify or create useful technology and apply it to worthwhile endeavors. The accessibility of ICT within households is a crucial factor in shaping financial inclusion, especially in West Africa (Karakara, A. It plays a significant role in determining how households interact with financial services, and its dynamics are influenced by various socioeconomic characteristics. Policymakers are urged to develop strategies that enhance ICT accessibility and raise awareness about the significance of banking services.
The considerable disparities in ICT adoption observed between countries such as Burkina Faso and Ghana emphasize the necessity for tailored approaches in promoting financial inclusion. The banking sector has undergone a revolutionary transformation due to the influence of ICT, impacting various aspects of financial services such as accessibility, inclusion. 7 efficiency, and profitability. The impact of ICT on banks' performance and customer service delivery in the banking industry has been widely studied.
The relationship between innovation and banking performance has been studied by some scholars (Scott et al., 2017) ICT has been found to improve customer services, facilitate accurate records, provide convenient banking services, enhance faster services, and improve the competitive edge of the economy. ICT has emerged as the core of the banking sector, playing a pivotal role in the overall economic landscape. The banking industry serves as the heartbeat of any robust economy, and any disruption within this sector can have profound repercussions on the entire economic system. This is notably evident in the recent recession and crises faced by European banks, highlighting the interconnectedness of the banking industry and the broader economy (Alhaji Abubakar Aliyu, Rosmaini Bin HJ Tasmin, 2012).
The necessity for a comprehensive understanding of how different aspects of consumer behavior influence innovation and shape responses to customer service delivery is heightened by the impact of globalization, intense competition and continual innovation within the banking industry. The incorporation of ICT into banking operations has not merely transformed the delivery of financial services but has also emerged as a crucial driver behind the industry's evolution. Assessing the digital transformation of commercial banks can improve overall bank performance (Xuanli Xie, Shihui Wang, 2023). An index system that covers strategy, business, and management transformations proves to be a valuable instrument for conducting quantitative research on the digital economy.
Pol icy makers should underscore the significance of digital transformation for banks to secure a competitive advantage in the digital era. Subsequent research endeavors should delve further into the economic ramifications of digital transformation, encompassing factors such as bank competition, credit supply, inclusive finance and the impact on regional economies. Thanks to the influence of ICT, the banking sector in Vietnam has successfully accomplished notable milestones. One of the earliest accomplishments is attributed to Vietcombank, formerly recognized as the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, which introduced Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) for public use in the early 2000s (NIF, 2004).
Following Vietcombank’s pioneering initiative, 8 numerous other banks in Vietnam have embraced the trend, resulting in the widespread availability of ATMs across the country, offering customers 24/7 access to banking services. Another significant achievement is the introduction of online banking, which has become indispensable in contemporary times. Techcombank, Vietnam's first bank to provide online banking services, launched its online banking platform in 2007, taking the lead in introducing internet banking services nationwide (VIDI, 2007). Since then, several other banks in Vietnam have adopted online banking services, making digital banking easily accessible to the public.
Despite a surge in research on ICT's influence in banking, its overall impact remains a tangled enigma. While technology empowers banks with efficient borrower analysis (Berger & Mester, 2003), it also spawns new risks: disruptive fintech competition, for instance. This intricate dance of progress and peril necessitates further exploration to guide policymakers and regulators in navigating the evolving banking landscape. In addition, with the development of ICT in the operations of banks in Vietnam today, we recognize the need to develop research on the impact of ICT on the stability of the banking industry.
This complex interplay is precisely why we delve into this research, seeking to untangle the multifaceted web of ICT's influence on the banking industry. We examined the role of the ICT index in the banking system in this study. More precisely, we aim to determine whether ICT enhances information distribution or is linked to bank stability. We also consider how ICT development at national scale is represented by some control variables that impact on a bank's stability.
Research objectives and research questions The objective of our research is to understand the impact of ICT on the banking industry in Viet Nam. Firstly, in our comprehensive paper, we delve into a multifaceted exploration of the intricate relationship between ICT and the sustainable development of banks. We scrutinize the nuanced ways in which technological advancements in the realm of ICT can shape and redefine the operational landscape of banks, thereby contributing to their long-term viability and resilience in a dynamic financial environment. Secondly, our research extends its scope to investigate the broader impact of ICT development at the national level on the stability of banks.
This segment of our study 9 seeks to provide a holistic perspective on how advancements in ICT, when integrated into a national context, can either bolster or challenge the stability of banks, thereby influencing broader economic dynamics. Finally, our inquiry extends to explore the internal dynamics of individual banks and their consequential impact on overall stability. This facet of our study serves to elucidate the micro-level determinants that play a pivotal role in shaping the overall resilience and sustainability of banks in the face of evolving technological landscapes. In essence, our research unfolds a comprehensive narrative that traverses from the strategic development in ICT at the organizational level, delving into the broader national implications, and ultimately zooming in on the internal intricacies of individual banks.
Through this multifaceted approach, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the intricate web of factors that collectively contribute to the sustainable development and stability of banks in an era characterized by rapid technological evolution. Based on the research objective just mentioned, the research questions in the study include: I. What impact will the level of banks' development in ICT have on the bank's stability? 2. How does ICT development at the national level affect the bank industry stability in Viet Nam? 3.
How do the internal characteristics of each bank impact the bank's stability? From there, we make the following hypotheses to prove our objectives: Hi: Development in ICT (represented by the ICT Index variable with data assessed by Vietnam’s Ministry of Information and Communications) has a positive impact on the stability of banks. H?: The internal characteristics of each bank has a positive impact on the stability of the banking industry. H3: ICT development at the national level which is measured by domestic credit variable has a negative impact on the stability of banks.