net http://www.net LIBROS UNIVERISTARIOS Y SOLUCIONARIOS DE MUCHOS DE ESTOS LIBROS LOS SOLUCIONARIOS CONTIENEN TODOS LOS EJERCICIOS DEL LIBRO RESUELTOS Y EXPLICADOS DE FORMA CLARA VISITANOS PARA DESARGALOS GRATIS.net http://www.com LIBROS UNIVERISTARIOS Y SOLUCIONARIOS DE MUCHOS DE ESTOS LIBROS LOS SOLUCIONARIOS CONTIENEN TODOS LOS EJERCICIOS DEL LIBRO RESUELTOS Y EXPLICADOS DE FORMA CLARA VISITANOS PARA DESARGALOS GRATIS.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 31/1/08 4:47 PM Page i THIRD EDITION Precalculus GRAPHS AND MODELS Raymond A. Barnett Merritt College Michael R. Ziegler Marquette University Karl E. Byleen Marquette University Dave Sobecki Miami University Hamilton www.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 31/1/08 6:26 PM Page ii PRECALCULUS: GRAPHS AND MODELS, THIRD EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Precalculus : graphs and models. of: Precalculus : graphs and models / Raymond A. ISBN 978–0–07–305196–3 — ISBN 0–07–305196–9 (hard copy : alk. Functions—Graphic methods—Textbooks.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 26/1/08 12:39 AM Page iii Pinnacle 110:MHIA065:SE:FM: About the Authors Raymond A.
Barnett, a native of and educated in California, received his B. in mathematical statistics from the University of California at Berkeley and his M. in mathematics from the University of Southern California. He has been a member of the Merritt College Mathematics Department and was chairman of the department for four years.
Associated with four different publishers, Raymond Barnett has authored or co-authored 18 textbooks in mathematics, most of which are still in use. In addi- tion to international English editions, a number of the books have been translated into Spanish. Co-authors include Michael Ziegler, Marquette University; Thomas Kearns, Northern Kentucky University; Charles Burke, City College of San Francisco; John Fujii, Merritt College; and Karl Byleen, Marquette University. Ziegler received his B.
from Shippensburg State College and his M. from the University of Delaware. After completing postdoctoral work at the University of Kentucky, he was appointed to the faculty of Marquette University where he currently holds the rank of Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science. Ziegler has published more than a dozen research articles in complex analysis and has co-authored more than a dozen undergraduate mathemat- ics textbooks with Raymond Barnett and Karl Byleen.
Byleen received his B. degrees in mathematics from the University of Nebraska. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science of Marquette University. He has pub- lished a dozen research articles on the algebraic theory of semigroups and co-authored more than a dozen undergraduate mathematics textbooks with Raymond Barnett and Michael Ziegler.
Dave Sobecki earned a B. in math education from Bowling Green State University, then went on to earn an M. in mathematics from Bowling Green. He is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Miami Uni- versity in Hamilton, Ohio.
He has written or co-authored five journal articles, eleven books, and five interactive CD-ROMs. Dave lives in Fairfield, Ohio, with his wife (Cat) and dogs (Large Coney and Macleod). His passions include Ohio State football, Cleveland Indians baseball, heavy metal music, travel, and home improvement projects.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 26/1/08 12:39 AM Page iv Pinnacle 110:MHIA065:SE:FM: Barnett, Ziegler, Byleen and Sobecki’s Precalculus Series College Algebra, Eighth Edition This book is the same as Precalculus without the three chapters on trigonometry. ISBN 0-07-286738-8, ISBN 978-0-07-286738-1 Precalculus, Sixth Edition This book is the same as College Algebra with three chapters of trigonometry added The trigonometry functions are introduced by a unit circle approach.
ISBN 0-07-286739-6, ISBN 978-0-07-286739-8 College Algebra with Trigonometry, Eighth Edition This book differs from Precalculus in that College Algebra with Trigonometry uses right triangle trigonometry to introduce the trigonometric functions. ISBN 0-07-331264-9, ISBN 978-0-07-331264-4 College Algebra: Graphs and Models, Third Edition This book is the same as Precalculus: Graphs and Models without the three chapters on trigonometry. This text assumes the use of a graphing calculator. ISBN 0-07-305195-0, ISBN 978-0-07-305195-6 Precalculus: Graphs and Models, Third Edition This book is the same as College Algebra: Graphs and Models with three additional chapters on trigonometry.
The trigonometric functions are introduced by a unit circle approach. This text assumes the use of a graphing calculator. ISBN 0-07-305196-9, ISBN 978-0-07-305-196-3 College Algebra with Trigonometry: Graphs and Models This book is the same as Precalculus: Graphs and Models except that the trigono- metric functions are introduced by right triangle trigonometry. This text assumes the use of a graphing calculator.
ISBN 0-07-291699-0, ISBN 978-0-07-291699-7 www.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 26/1/08 12:39 AM Page v Pinnacle 110:MHIA065:SE:FM: Contents Preface vii CHAPTER 4 Modeling with Exponential and Application Index xvi Logarithmic Functions 381 4-1 Exponential Functions 382 CHAPTER 1 Functions, Graphs, 4-2 Exponential Models 399 and Models 1 4-3 Logarithmic Functions 416 1-1 Using Graphing Calculators 2 4-4 Logarithmic Models 430 1-2 Functions 21 4-5 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 440 1-3 Functions: Graphs and Properties 46 Chapter 4 Review 462 1-4 Functions: Graphs and Transformations 67 Chapter 4 Group Activity: Comparing 1-5 Operations on Functions; Composition 84 Regression Models 456 1-6 Inverse Functions 99 Cumulative Review Exercises Chapter 1 Review 119 Chapters 3–4 457 Chapter 1 Group Activity: Mathematical Modeling: Choosing a Cell Phone Provider 126 CHAPTER 5 Trigonometric Functions 463 5-1 Angles and Their Measure 464 CHAPTER 2 Modeling with Linear and 5-2 Trigonometric Functions: A Unit Circle Quadratic Functions 127 Approach 478 2-1 Linear Functions 128 5-3 Solving Right Triangles 493 2-2 Linear Equations and Models 151 5-4 Properties of Trigonometric Functions 501 2-3 Quadratic Functions 172 5-5 More General Trigonometric Functions and 2-4 Complex Numbers 190 Models 518 2-5 Quadratic Equations and Models 206 5-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 535 2-6 Additional Equation-Solving Techniques 226 Chapter 5 Review 550 2-7 Solving Inequalities 241 Chapter 5 Group Activity: A Predator–Prey Chapter 2 Review 258 Analysis Involving Mountain Lions and Deer 558 Chapter 2 Group Activity: Mathematical Modeling in Population Studies 265 CHAPTER 6 Trigonometric Identities and Cumulative Review Exercises Conditional Equations 561 Chapters 1–2 267 6-1 Basic Identities and Their Use 562 6-2 Sum, Difference, and Cofunction Identities 572 CHAPTER 3 Polynomial and Rational 6-3 Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities 584 Functions 273 6-4 Product-Sum and Sum-Product Identities 596 3-1 Polynomial Functions and Models 274 6-5 Trigonometric Equations 604 3-2 Polynomial Division 291 Chapter 6 Review 618 3-3 Real Zeros and Polynomial Inequalities 303 Chapter 6 Group Activity: From M sin Bt N 3-4 Complex Zeros and Rational Zeros of cos Bt to A sin (Bt C)—A Harmonic Analysis Polynomials 320 Tool 622 3-5 Rational Functions and Inequalities 336 3-6 Variation and Modeling 361 Chapter 3 Review 371 CHAPTER 7 Additional Topics in Trigonometry 625 Chapter 3 Group Activity: Interpolating 7-1 Law of Sines 626 Polynomials 378 7-2 Law of Cosines 639 7-3 Vectors in the Plane 650 V www.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 26/1/08 12:39 AM Page vi Pinnacle 110:MHIA065:SE:FM: 7-4 Polar Coordinates and Graphs 667 10-6 The Binomial Formula 946 7-5 Complex Numbers in Rectangular and Chapter 10 Review 954 De Moivre’s Theorem 683 Chapter 10 Group Activity: Sequences Specified Chapter 7 Review 696 by Recursion Formulas 959 Chapter 7 Group Activity: Conic Sections and Planetary Orbits 704 CHAPTER 11 Additional Topics in Analytic Cumulative Review Exercises Geometry 961 Chapters 5–7 707 11-1 Conic Sections; Parabola 962 11-2 Ellipse 973 11-3 Hyperbola 985 CHAPTER 8 Modeling with Systems of 11-4 Translation and Rotation of Axes 1001 Equations and Inequalities 713 11-5 Systems of Nonlinear Equations 1020 8-1 Systems of Linear Equations Chapter 11 Review 1031 in Two Variables 714 Chapter 11 Group Activity: Focal Chords 1036 8-2 Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables 732 Cumulative Review Exercises 8-3 Systems of Linear Inequalities 745 Chapters 10–11 1037 8-4 Linear Programming 760 Chapter 8 Review 772 APPENDIX A Basic Algebra Review A-1 Chapter 8 Group Activity: Heat Conduction 776 A-1 Algebra and Real Numbers A-2 A-2 Exponents A-13 A-3 Radicals A-27 CHAPTER 9 Matrices and Determinants 777 A-4 Polynomials: Basic Operations A-36 9-1 Systems of Linear Equations: Gauss–Jordan A-5 Polynomials: Factoring A-47 Elimination 778 A-6 Rational Expressions: Basic Operations A-58 9-2 Matrix Operations 797 Appendix A Review * 9-3 Inverse of a Square Matrix 815 Appendix A Group Activity: Rational and 9-4 Matrix Equations and Systems of Linear Irrational Numbers * Equations 828 *Available online at www.com/barnett 9-5 Determinants 838 9-6 Properties of Determinants 847 APPENDIX B Review of Equations and 9-7 Determinants and Cramer’s Rule 854 Graphing A-69 Chapter 9 Review 860 B-1 Linear Equations and Inequalities A-70 Chapter 9 Group Activity: Using Matrices B-2 Cartesian Coordinate System A-82 to Find Cost, Revenue, and Profit 866 B-3 Basic Formulas in Analytic Geometry A-91 Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters 8–9 868 APPENDIX C Special Topics A-105 C-1 Significant Digits A-106 C-2 Partial Fractions A-109 CHAPTER 10 Sequences, Induction, C-3 Descartes’ Rule of Signs A-118 and Probability 871 C-4 Parametric Equations * 10-1 Sequences and Series 872 *Available online at www.com/barnett 10-2 Mathematical Induction 883 10-3 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences 894 APPENDIX D Geometric Formulas A-123 10-4 The Multiplication Principle, Permutations, and Combinations 909 Student Answers SA-1 10-5 Sample Spaces and Probability 926 Index I-1 VI www.net bar51969_fm_i-xviii.qxd 26/1/08 12:39 AM Page vii Pinnacle 110:MHIA065:SE:FM: Preface Enhancing a Tradition of Success We take great satisfaction from the fact that more than 100,000 students have learned college algebra or precalculus from a Barnett Series textbook. Ray Barnett is one of the masters of college textbook writing. His central approach is proven and remains effective for today’s students. The third edition of Precalculus: Graphs and Models has benefited greatly from the numerous contributions of new coauthor Dave Sobecki of Miami University Hamil- ton.
Dave brings a fresh approach to the material and many good suggestions for improving student accessibility. Every aspect of the revision focuses on making the text more relevant to students, while retaining the precise presentation of the mathe- matics for which the Barnett name is renowned. Specifically we concentrated on the areas of writing, worked examples, exercises, technology, and design. Based on numerous reviews, advice from expert consultants, and direct correspondence with many users of previous editions, we feel that this edi- tion is more relevant than ever before.
We hope you will agree. Writing Without sacrificing breadth or depth or coverage, we have rewritten expla- nations to make them clearer and more direct. As in previous editions, the text empha- sizes computational skills, real-world data analysis and modeling, and problem solv- ing rather than theory.