Phân tích tiếp cận tín dụng chính thức của hộ gia đình nông thôn tại Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu an analysis of access to formal credit of the households in rural areas, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện pháp hoàn thiện trong lĩnh

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2012

84
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Households and households in rural areas

2.2. Formal credit versus Informal credit

2.3. Micro finance and Access to credit

2.4. Theoretical framework related to determinants that affecting to the formal credit by rural households

2.4.1. Traditional approach - the dominant paradigm in the 1950s-1970s

2.4.2. Financial repression approach

2.4.3. New institutional economics approach

2.4.4. Conclusions of three approaches

2.5. Credit market model

2.5.1. Households' borrowing behavior and the Demand for Credit

2.5.2. Credit supply and behavior of formal lenders

2.6. Empirical studies related to the determinants that affecting to the formal credit by rural households

2.6.1. The household characteristics

2.6.2. The lender characteristics

2.6.3. The location characteristics or the availability of the formal funds

2.6.4. The local market characteristics

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4. CHAPTER 4: FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT BY HOUSEHOLDS IN MEKONG RIVER DELTA

4.1. Rural financial system in Vietnam

4.1.1. Overview of rural financial supplier

4.1.2. The formal sector

4.1.3. The semi-formal sector

4.1.4. The informal sector

4.1.5. Some weakness and challenges of the rural financial system

4.1.5.1. Weakness of the financial system
4.1.5.2. Rural finance challenges

4.2. Households in the Mekong River Delta

4.2.1. General picture of the Mekong River Delta

4.2.2. Rural financial system in the Mekong River Delta

4.2.3. Aim of borrowing and uses of loan

4.2.4. Lending procedures and collateral requirement

4.2.5. Information problem of banks with respect to households

4.3. Determinants of credit accessibility of households in Mekong River Delta

5. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM-NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AN ANALYSIS OF ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT OF THE HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL AREAS The case of the Mekong River Delta BY TRAN THI THU HONG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS ' VIETNAM-NETHERLANDS • PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AN ANALYSIS OF ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT OF THE HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL AREAS The case of the Mekong River Delta A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRAN THI THU HONG ) ' Academmic Supervisor DR. TRAN TIEN KHAI 't HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CERTIFICATION "I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree or examination. I certify that to the best of my knowledge, help received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis." Signature TRAN THI THU HONG Date: 31112/2012 ' Pagei TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank for my teacher, Dr. Tran Tien Khai who has taught me methodically conduct research, for his encouragement, and guidance during the completion of this thesis. I would like to express my appreciation towards the teachers and staffs of V~etnam-Netherlands Program, for the knowledge that I received throughout the years. This knowledge helped me to complete thesis. Finally I would like to thank my family, my husband who have encouraged and hctlped me very much in my study. Page ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT: This study attempts to find out what are the main determinants that affect the access to the formal credit sector of the households live in the Mekong River Delta with the data extracted from VHLSS 2006 and 2008. To fulfill the research objective, this study relies on the function of credit given to a household of M. With the helpings of Stata- 9 and Stata -11 software, the logistic model and Ordinary Least Squared method are employed to explore the main factors that can be used to measure households' access to formal credit sector by the possibility of getting credit or not and the loan amount that households got from the formal credit sector. The results of regression indicates that some variables such as poor household, real per capita expenditure, purpose of loan, house own, household head's education, farm size and interest rate have significant effects on households access to formal credit. Therefore, in order to broaden the access to formal credit of the households in the Mekong River Delta as well as Vietnam, the banking system and ' the government should concentrate on solving problems that related to variables m~ntioned above. I I I I KEYWORDS: access to formal credit, households, Mekong Delta River Page iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. I TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . ············································································································ iii Tables of contents .iv List of abbreviations . Vl· List oftables and figures. Data sources and methodology . Scope and limitation of the research . I Structure of the thesis . 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW I 2.1 Households and households in rural areas .l2 Formal credit versus Informal credit .3 Micro finance and Access to credit .2 Theoretical framework related to determinants that affecting to the formal credit by rural households .1 Traditional approach - the dominant paradigm in the 1950s- 1970s .2 Financial repression approach .3 New institutional economics approach .4 Conclusions ofthree approaches .3 Credit market model .1 Households' borrowing behavior and the Demand for Credit .2 Credit supply and behavior of formal lenders .4 Empirical studies related to the determinants that affecting to the formal credit by rural households .1 The household charact~ristics . 20 Page iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 The lender characteristics .3 The location characteristics or the availability of the formal funds .4 The local market characteristics . 24 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY26 3 . 26 CHAPTER 4: FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT BY HOUSEHOLDS IN ME~ONG RIVER DELTA 4.1 Rural financial system in Vietnam .1 Overview of rural financial supplier . The formal sector . The semi-formal sector . The informal sector .2 Some weakness and challenges ofthe rural financial system . Weakness of the financial system . Rural finance challenges .2 Households in the Mekorig River Delta .1 General picture of the Mekong River Delta .2 Rural financial system in the Mekong River Delta . Aim ofborrowing and uses of loan . Lending procedures and collateral requirement . Information problem of banks with respect to households . 54 Pagev TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.4 Determinants of credit accessibility of households in Mekong River Delta . 61 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION 5. 74 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Table of independent variables .1a: Household's size, householder's age and real expenditure per capital (with VHLSS 2006) .lb: Household's size, householder's age and real expenditure per capital (with VHLSS 2008) .2a: Education level of household head (with VHLSS 2006) .2b: Education level of household head (with VHLSS 2008) .3a - Typology of credit sectors and lending characteristics in MD (wi th VHLSS 2006) .3b - Typology of Credit sectors and lending characteristics in MD (with VHLSS 2008) .4 a- Source of the rural credit in classifying poor or not poor (with VHLSS 2006) .4 b- Source of the rural credit in classifying poor or not poor (with VHLSS 2008) ······························································································································· 46 Table 4.5a- Sources of the rural credit in interest rates (with VHLSS 2006) .5b- Source of the rural credit in interest rates (with VHLSS 2008) .6a- The average loan amount of the poor households (with VHLSS 2006) .6b- The average loan amount of the poor households (with VHLSS 2008) .7a- Loan uses by wealth categories (with VHLSS 2006) .7b- Loan uses by wealth categories (with VHLSS 2008) .8a: Collaterals require)llent in two sectors (with VHLSS 2006) . 54 Page vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.8b: Collaterals requirement in two sectors (with VHLSS 2008) .10a: S~multaneous equat~on models w~th VHLSS 2006 .10b: Simultaneous equatiOn models w1th VHLSS 2008 . 60 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The vicious circle of capital formation . 10 Figure 2: The commercial banks' lending procedure . 52 ABBREVIATIONS MFis: micro-finance institutions NGOs: non-governmental organizations LUCs: Land Use Certificates VBARD: Vietnam Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development. VBP: Social policy Bank GDP: Gross Domestic Product MD: Mekong River Delta RD: Red River Delta Page vii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Problem statement Vietnam is regarded as the rapid growing economy in the world. The average growth rate of GDP in the period 2000-2008 is about 7.4%/year, in 2009 is 5.32% and in 2010 is 6. With 75% of the population live in the rural area, agricultural production accounts for 22% of GDP, 30% of exports and 60% of employment. The Mekong River Delta (MD) is one of the two main agricultural production regions in Vietnam. In the early 8 months of the year 2011, MD has export 4.1 million tons of rice, account for 90% of rice export of all the country, value export of rice is above 2 billion USD. However, the rate of the poor ofthis region in 2010 is very high, accounts 18.85% the poor households of the country, the income is about 975 USD/person/year, very low in compared to income 1,160 USD/person/year of the country. It is found that "limited access to available resource. including financial capital, is among the main underlining causes of poverty in Vietnam. Microfinance is a key part of such resources from which the poor can choose and develop better livelihood" (UNDP, 1996). Morduch and Haley (2002) also found that when the poor get access to credit, they can "improve their productivity and management skills; create jobs, smooth income flows and consumption costs; enlarge and diversify their businesses; and hence, their income can be increased and they have a better conditions on taking health care and education ". Since in 1997, the Vietnamese government has launched the Hunger eradication and Poverty Reduction concentrated on improving the poor's access to credit, especially in the rural areas. The major institutions do that mission are Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD), Vietnam Bank for the Poor (VBP) and People's Credit Funds (PCFs). Through credit programs, they provide loans to poor households at subsidized interest rates. However, they have failed to provide sustainable and large extent access to credit to the poor and be sustainable credit institutions. According to Stijn Claessens (2005, page 2), the main reason of this 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. problem is that "the financial system does not cater to the demand of all customers . Banking systems and capital markets are often skewed towards those already better off, catering mainly to large enterprises and wealthier individuals while many segments of the enterprise and household sector suffer from lack of access to finance, hindering their growth and welfare". Quach Manh Hao, A. Murinde (2004) found that "providing credit in particular and financial services in general to the poor has a consistent impact on household poverty reduction", and "in order to help rural households gaining more access to credit, the credit network must be extended to the village lever. Despite the growth and mcrease of formal credit sector, there are still a large number of the poor being excluded from access to formal credit. They have to depend on informal credit sector consists of relatives, friends and professional moneylenders with very high lending rates. In 2001, 40% of households in Vietnam could not get credit from the formal credit sector. In 2011, the interest rates in black credit market is from 18%- 20% per month, it means that if you want to borrow one million Vietnam dong in black market, you have to pay from five to six thousands interest per day. Access to formal credit sector has become an important matter of the overall development in most of countries, especially in developing countries. There are so many researches examining the factors that affect the rural poor's accessibility to credit market. According toLe Nhat Hanh (2002), there are four main determinants affect to the rural households' access to formal credit: The first determinant that constrains the access of the households to the formal credit is lack of collateral while collateral is the prerequisite for borrowing money from the bank. The second determinant is the land area and the land certification status, when the households have the large farms and its titles, the access to formal credit will be extensive and smooth to them. 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. The third determinant is .the educational level of the household, when the households have the high certificates, they have ability to make profit investments and dealing with complex borrowing procedures easier. The forth determinant is the production scale and cycle, with larger production, the households have the higher probability and scale to get formal credit and the households will choose the short-term credits or long-term credits that suitable for their production cycle to borrow. With the boom of the financial market in 2008 last to now, the banking system of Vietnam has showed its weakness. The most of credit is supplied to the stock market, gold market and land market, while the material production area is lacked of capital. That is because of this area does not have the high rate of returns in the short investment time.

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