VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* NGUYỄN THỊ VÂN “CODE MIXING USED ON FACEBOOK SOCIAL NETWORK BY EFL STUDENTS AT HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIFTED STUDENTS, HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION” Hiện tượng trộn mã tiếng Anh trên mạng xã hội Facebook của học sinh chuyên Anh ở trường chuyên Sư Phạm Hà Nội M.A THESIS FIELD : ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE : 8220201.01 Hanoi, 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****** ****** NGUYỄN THỊ VÂN “CODE MIXING USED ON FACEBOOK SOCIAL NETWORK BY EFL STUDENTS AT HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIFTED STUDENTS, HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION” Hiện tượng trộn mã tiếng Anh trên mạng xã hội Facebook của học sinh chuyên Anh ở trường chuyên Sư Phạm Hà Nội M.A THESIS FIELD : ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE : 8220201. Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Hanoi, 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I hereby certify that the minor thesis entitled “Code mixing used on Facebook social network by EFL students at High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi National University of Education” is the result of my own work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English Linguistics at Faculty of Post-graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. The research has not been submitted to any other university or institution wholly and partially. Hanoi, 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the help and support from a number of people.
First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Thi Minh Tam, my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher. A special word of thanks goes to my students, without whom it would never have been possible for me to have this thesis accomplished. Last by not least, I am greatly indebted to my family for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work.
LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT English have been nationwide taught in all Vietnamese schools for the past ten years; consequently, Vietnamese youngsters nowadays could be exposed to English at the early age, and consequently, English turns out to be familiar with them. Under the boom of entertainment industry and Western influence, English, more or less, become preferable in social network; so the mixing of English into Vietnamese has emerged as a quite visible case in social network communication. Code-mixing, according to Poplack (1980), Holmes (1992) and Liu (2008), refers to both inter- sentential and intra-sentential code-altemation occurring when a bilingual speaker uses more than one language in a single utterance above the clause level to appropriately convey his/her intents. That is, code mixing is the process of mixing the various language units below clause level within a sentence.
Code-mixing has become such a topic of good interest that quite a number of researchers have studied it in both spoken and written data, such as H. In this study, attempts were made to investigate the patterns and levels of code-mixing of English by EFL students in High School for Gifted students, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) on a social network Facebook. The data of this study was collected from 35 Facebook users, randomly chosen from the 35 high school students in HNUE, during five weeks. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the code-mixing patterns and levels used by students in their Facebook status and reasons for code-mixing phenomenon.
LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 1: A parsing tree for insertion ( Muysken, 2000:7) Figure 2: A parsing tree for alternation ( Muysken, 2000:7) Figure 3: A parsing tree for congruent lexicalization ( Muysken, 2000:7) Figure 4: A triangle of code-switching types ( Muysken, 2000:9) Figure 5: Reasons for code-mixing English on the social network Facebook by young students at High school for Gifted students, HNUE Table 1: Analytical framework ( Muysken, 2000) Table 2: Distribution of code-mixing patterns ( Muysken, 2000) Table 3: Levels of code-mixing Table 4: Most frequent code-mixing phenomenon Abbreviations HNUE: Hanoi National University of Education L2: second language L1: Vietnamese ML: the matrix language EL: the embedded language LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. Rationale for the Study. Research questions and research objectives. Scope of the Research.
Significance of the study. Structural Organization of the Thesis. 3 CHAPTER 1:THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Code mixing and code switching.
Code-mixing and borrowing. Patterns of code mixing. Constraints on code mixing. Linguistic constraints on code mixing.
Extra-linguistic factors related to code-mixing. Review of previous studies. 16 CHAPTER 2:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Data Collection Instruments.
Data Collection Procedure. DATA FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Patterns of code-mixing. 25 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
Levels of code-mixing. Findings of the quantification of mixed word class. Overview description and discussion of mixed word classes. Vietnamization of English vocabulary.
Englishisation of Vietnamese. New word coinage. New clipping pattern. Students‟ explanation for their use of code-mixing.
Summary of the findings. ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS. Answer to Research question 1. Answer to Research question 2 .2 Limitations of the Research.
Suggestions for Future Research. 63 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the problem and the rationale for the study, together with the objectives and the scope of the whole paper are clearly stated and explained. Above all, this chapter also builds the research questions to work as clear guidelines for the whole research. Rationale for the Study Recently, the interest of learning and using foreign languages has increased.
English is one of the foreign languages frequently used besides the mother tongue. With the growing influence of globalization, English is now considered as a lingua franca that is widely learned. Therefore, many countries have become multilingual with the frequent use of English in their daily life. It is observable that many English words used as substitutes appear in the newspapers, magazines or social network of other languages, which has aroused interest of various linguistic and sociological researchers.
Sharing the same desire, it is also wished to get the holistic view on the process of producing such a mixture of English language into the researcher‟s mother tongue,Vietnamese. English have been nationwide taught in all Vietnamese schools for the past ten years; consequently, they could be exposed to English at the early age. As a result, English turns out to be familiar with them. Furthermore, under the boom of entertainment industry and Western influence, English, more or less, become preferable in media.
It was also proved by Leung (2010) that young people preferred code mixing. For those reasons, Vietnamese young people are chosen as the subject of the study. For half a century, quite a number of research have been done on code-mixing both in spoken and written languages performed by a number of researchers.Tuc also had a close view on spoken code-mixing of English into Vietnamese community. In 2012, a research on code-mixing in written language was conducted by T.
Though valuable results have been found, they still leave the gaps for code-mixing for Vietnamese teenagers. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Such issues, as described above, have given me a desire to investigate this phenomenon of code-mixing. Additionally, the researcher conducts the research about code mixing because the researcher is interested in continuing the study of the previous researchers in sociolinguistics especially in the linguistic realization of code mixing and the reasons for using code mixing by high school students at High school for Gifted students (HNUE). The previous researchers discussed about code mixing which are used in magazines, manual user, and a community.
This research is expanding the form of code mixing on social media networking especially Facebook. Then, it also classified various kinds of reasons provided by the correspondences to show their reasons for using code-mixing. For all of the reasons listed above, this research was carried out to focus on the patterns and levels of code-mixing of English on Facebook, a social network by EFL students at High school for Gifted students, HNUE using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research, once finished, is expected to shed some light on code-mixing patterns and levels high school students used on Facebook in general, raise sociolinguistics‟ awareness about related issues and lay a foundation for further studies.
Research questions and research objectives The specific objectives are raised as follows: a. Examine the frequency of using code mixing between English and Vietnamese on Facebook among EFL students at High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) b. To find out the types of code mixing of English that high school students in HNUE often utilize on Facebook social network c. To determine the main reasons for high school students in HNUE code mix on Facebook social network Particularly, the study attempts to answer these following research questions: a.
What is the realization of code-mixing on Facebook of EFL high school students in HNUE? 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. What are reasons for the code-mixing in online postings on Facebook by EFL high school students in HNUE? 3. Scope of the Research This study only focused on the actual situations and some major issues related to code-mixing of English on the social network Facebook by 35 high school students in HNUE 4. Significance of the study This study aimed to to illustrate the patterns and levels of code-mixing of English by high school students in HNUE on the social network Facebook and the reasons why students code-mix.
Firstly, the research itself, partly helped the readers have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of code mixing used on the social network Facebook by EFL students at High School for Gifted Students, HNUE. Secondly, in the light of the obtained results, it will aslo be helpful for the upcoming researchers to get into new direction for their own study. In other words, academically, this research can be used as an additional reference for discussion of sociolinguistics study, especially about code-mixing phenomenon. Structural Organization of the Thesis Finally, to guidance for either the researcher in writing the research paper or readers in reading the whole contents of research paper, the researcher set up the order of the research paper as follows: Part A - Introduction – provides the rationale of the study, aims and objectives and the significance of the study as well as raises research questions.
Part B - Development - consists of three chapters: Chapter One – Literature review – presents an overview of relevant literature on the issues of code-mixing. Chapter Two – Research methodology – provides a description of research methods, selection of the participants, data collection instruments, and data collection procedures. Chapter Three, Four – Findings and discussions - presents the results of the study and the discussion of the results. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter Five– Conclusion - summarises the main points of the study, draw some conclusions, points out the limitations of the study and make some suggestions for further research.