Luận văn thạc sĩ về di cư nông thôn - đô thị và vấn đề thất nghiệp đô thị tại TP.HCM

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu ueh rural urban micration and urban unemployment the case of ho chi minh city, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất giải pháp cải thiện

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2008

85
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

ABSTRACT

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS

1.2. MAIN HYPOTHESIS TO BE TESTED

1.3. THE SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE THESIS

1.4. METHODOLOGY

1.5. DATA SOURCE

1.6. RESEARCH STRUCTURE

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. MIGRATION AND FACTORS AFFECT ON MIGRATION

3. CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT IN VIET NAM THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY

5. CHAPTER 5: ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

6. CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

LIST OF TABLES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

-~·----- UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM- THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A in DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RURAL- URBAN MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT, THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY r----------·- 80 GIAO DVC DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE TP.HCM THU~VIEN . By \ Ill 6 ~ Lt r BUI QUY THUAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Supervisor: PhD, Professor of Economics Nguyen Thi Canh HO CHI MINH CITY, JANUARY 2008 1 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CERTIFICATION "I certify that the substance of this dissertation has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge and h~lp received m prepanng this dissertation and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this dissertation." Signature Bui Quy Thuan Date: 20th December 2007 2 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank more than those respectable name that I will mention following. Without them, I can not get knowledge as today and this thesis may not even have existed. First, I would like to express my special thanks to all organizations and member those found this programme. All lectures and staff of the project help me having useful lessons, interesting seminars and new information. Next, I wish to express sincere appreciation to my academic supervisor PhD, Professor of economics Nguyen Thi Canh for his helpful guidance and assistance during the writing of this thesis. I also deeply thank to Nguyen Hoang Bao PhD for his valuable suggestion and ideals about earlier research design of this thesis, thank to Mr Danh class 13 in Master of Arts in Development Economic Programme for his valuable support in extracting database. Following, I send my thanks to Librarian, Mrs. Nguyen Kim Chi, who helps help me in finding necessary document and reference books. Thank to Le Thanh Loan PhD Statistic Office Department of Ho Chi Minh City who provides secondary data for this thesis. Many thanks go to my classmate, who shared with me joys and hardness during the time I study in this program. 3 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co ----- ---------------------------------- ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome FDI Foreign Direct Investment . HCMC Ho Chi Minh City GSO General Statistics Office GDP Gross Domestic Product MARD Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNDP United Nations Development Program STis Sexually Transmitted Infections UN United Nations SOEs State- Owned Enterprises VHLSS Vietnam Living Standards Survey VND Vietnam Dong (Vietnamese Currency) VLSS Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey 4 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co ABSTRACT This study explores the link between migration and wage level, which affect employment at destination area and the relationship between labor market performance and the probability of unemployment in Ho Chi Minh City. The paper base on standard economic theories to present that the difference migration and wage level at destination, while an effect unemployment differentials on migration. The empirical evidence present based on the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey, which conducted by GSO and UNFP A. Results find that relate between migration and urban unemployment in Ho Chi Minh City, recent migrants do well at finding formal employment, and are much less likely to be unemployed. i 5 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co TABLE OF CONTAIN CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. The research objective of the thesis . Main hypothesis to be tested . The scope and limitation of the thesis .1 The scope of the thesis.2 The limitation ofthe thesis . 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Migration and factors affect on migration . Factors effect on migration . The effects on origin and destination areas. Migration and urban unemployment in developing countries . Migration in developing countries. Urban unemployment in developing countries . Migration theories overview . Lee's migration theory . The dual economy development model . The Harris- Todaro model. Migration and economic development. The relationship between the wage differential and employment . 31 CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT IN VIET NAM THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY 3. An overview migration in Vietnam . 33 6 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. History and the trend of internal migration in Vietnam . Historical development of migration in Vietnam . The trend of internal migration in Vietnam . Internal migration in VietNam . Employment and migration in VietNam . Migration in Ho Chi Minh City . Overview migration in Ho Chi Minh City . Structure of migrants in Ho Chi Minh City . A profile of migrants Ho Chi Minh City . Working status and income . Migration and urban unemployment, the case of Ho Chi Minh City . Reasons for out- migration and motivation for migrating to HCM City . The migration and wage differential . Employment and unemployment in Ho Chi Minh City . The econometric design . Description of the data . Variables description in model . Individual characteristic variables. Migrant status variable . 63 CHAPTER 5: ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 5. 66 7 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Results of regression model . The wage model . Comment on results .2 Comment on results . 77 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 6. 82 8 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Rural-urban migration as a percentage of urban population growth, selected developing countries .2: Rates of urban and rural unemployment as a percentage ofthe active population in Africa, by country and year .3: Percentage of open urban unemployment in four African countries .1: Decrease and increase population by internal migration region, VietNam: 1994 - 1999 .2: The structure of the labor force .3: Population and migration increase rate by period .4: Percentage of distribution age structure of Ho Chi Minh City population and that of migrants .5: Percentage distribution of migrant sex ratio by some age group .6: Percentage distribution of place of previous origin of migrants by area of current residence.7: Percentage distribution ofresidence status of migrants in HCM City .8: Percentage of distribution of population rate in schooling by ages .9: The rate of population of dropout of school of children over the age 5 and educationallevel .10: Percentage distribution of employment of migrants in 2004 by economic sectors .11: Monthly average income (dong) in 2004 .12: Percent of migrants citing specified reason for move by area of current residence and sex .13: Monthly income of rural to urban migrants by working skill, education .14: Distribution of employment of migrants in 2004 by economic sectors .15: Unemployment rate of labor force of working ages in urban area .1: Description variables used in the model.1: Characteristics ofboth migrants and non-migrants affect to their wage .2: Percentage distribution of occupation of employed population by migration status .3: Regression result ofunrestricted model (14 variables) .4: Regression result ofunrestricted model (12 variables) .5: Probability of Unemployment: Logit regression for Migrants and Non- migrants . 75 9 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. PROBLEM STATEMENT In the past 20 years, Vietnam has been remarkably successful in ensuring high levels of economic growth and in reducing poverty. This goes hand in hand with important shifts in population distribution and mobility. The economic reforms carried out in 1986-affected migration in three main ways. In agriculture and the introduction of the household contract system have released farmers from the land. In cities, the household registration system continues, but no longer limits the acquisition of essential goods and access to employment. In the emerging industrial sector, Vietnam's incorporation into the global economy, it has resulted in flows of foreign direct investment attracting migrant workers where such industries, services. The migration from rural to urban areas has been an important part of the urbanization process and created structural changes population among regions, especially make labor market adjustment from agriculture to manufacturing and services sector in modernization and industrialization process in Vietnam. Todaro and Harris (1970), the migration of rural to urban areas is an important part of the problem urban unemployment and underemployment in almost every contemporary big city in developing countries. Rural to urban migration mainly caused the labor force in rural to become scarcely. Simultaneously created urban unemployment for unskilled and skill labor in formal and informal sector. Ho Chi Minh City is the largest economics central in Viet Nam. The city and its surroundings have lured more investors than any other area in Viet Nam. By at the end 2006, Ho Chi Minh City had toped about attracting FDI account to 26,9% of project, 24,1% total registered capital (reported by MPI, 10-2006) This thesis will to what find is relational migration and under what circumstance? In addition, how to it is relate to urban unemployment in Ho Chi Minh City? Should local government intervene and create conditions to attract high skill employment as migrants. Moreover, what should be their policy to reduce unemployment situation in 10 AN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co • urban area. The thesis tries to find the determinants of migration effects to unemployment. To do so, we use instrumental variables and cross - section data techniques which is used to this thesis 1. THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS The main objective of this thesis will be analyzing the feature of migrants that relate to urban employment, the case of Ho Chi Minh City. The finding mainly factors an economic behavioral of rural - urban migration and the determinants of urban unemployment. Additionally, fulfill these alternative policies design to alleviate urban unemployment. The thesis focuses on addressing the following issues: To analyze the personal characteristics effect on finding job in Ho Chi Minh City. To explore the link between migration and wage level which affect employment level at destination area What is the labor market performance of migrants in term of their wages and the probability of unemployment? 1. MAIN HYPOTHESIS TO BE TESTED In the context of significant migration that take opportunities and challenges for the country's development and urban area related to non - migrants and migrant's employment and unemployment, this study expect to find out the relationship between the migration and unemployment in urban sector. Individuals seek to maximize their incomes moving to places where the wages are higher. Therefore, the main engines of the decision are wages differentials, which result from geographical differences in demand and supply in urban labor markets. How does the relationship the migration and wages at destination? 2. How the link between migration and unemployment status at urban sector, in which based on human capital model, the key issue is whether being a migrant has a distinctive effect on the probability of being unemployed. THE SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE THESIS 1. The scope of the thesis The place to choose in research is Ho Chi Minh City because it is the biggest city in 11 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co • Viet Nam with high proportion of the population residing in urban area. Migration flow come from all part of country. Ho Chi Minh City where economic opportunities are often more favorable in the cities than in the other areas The main source data took from the 2004 VietNam Migration Survey. The survey carried out in interviews 4,998 migrants and 5,008 non-migrants of Vietnam. In Ho Chi Minh City, the survey is carried out at six districts, which included Tan Binh, Binh Tan, Binh Chanh, Go Vap, Thu Due and district 12; the survey includes in the following areas: Respondents' background Social - economic, demographic, and facilitating factors related migration.

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