VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES TRIỆU THÀNH NAM THE EXPERIENTIAL STRUCTURE OF NOMINAL GROUP IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (CẤU TRÚC KINH NGHIỆM CỦA CỤM DANH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) M. Minor Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 HÀ NỘI, 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES M. Minor Thesis THE EXPERIENTIAL STRUCTURE OF NOMINAL GROUP IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (CẤU TRÚC KINH NGHIỆM CỦA CỤM DANH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 By: Triệu Thành Nam Supervisor: Nguyễn Huyền Minh, M. HÀ NỘI, 2010 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS: PART 1: INTRODUCTION I.
Rationale for the study. Scope of the study. Methods of the study. Methods of Analysis .3 PART 2: DEVELOPMENTS CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE I.
Systemic Functional Grammar. Noun Phrase or Nominal Group: The problem of labeling. Noun Phrase/Nominal Group in Different Schools of Grammar. Noun Phrase in Structural Grammar and Generative Transformational Grammar.
Noun Phrase in Functional Discourse Grammar. Nominal Group in Systemic Functional Grammar. The Nominal Group in English. An overview of English Nominal Group.
The experiential structure of the nominal group in English. The Head: The Thing. The Postmodifier – the Qualifier. Summary on the experiential structure of the nominal group in English .16 6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Vietnamese CHAPTER 2: NOMINAL GROUP IN VIETNAMESE I.
An overview of studies on Vietnamese Nominal Group. Nominal Group in Vietnamese .1 The Head: the Thing. The Postmodifier is a word. The postmodifier is a phrase or clause .28 CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE NOMINAL GROUP IN VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH I.
NGs in English and Vietnamese have the same logical structure. The similar realization of the experiential functions. The Numerative occurs before the Head. The structural similarity in the post-position phrases and clauses.
The function of Deictic. The function of Epithet. The function of Classifier .36 List of Reference.Vietnamese 7 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Vietnamese PART 1: INTRODUCTION I. Rationale for the study Over the last few decades, the modern linguistics has seen the remarkable developments of functional linguistics in which the theory of systemic functional grammar developed by Halliday is said to have the greatest influences.
Vietnamese linguistics has also initiated new trends, basing on the functional grammars. Some Vietnamese linguists, such as, Cao Xuan Hao with Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức năng (1991), Hoang Van Van with Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của cú tiếng Việt: Mô tả theo quan điểm chức năng hệ thống (2001), and Diep Quang Ban with Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt (2008) are the first to apply the theory of Systemic functional grammar into the interpretation of Vietnamese language. And their studies marked new important changes in the approaches to Vietnamese language. These works have settled a functional base for other further studies on Vietnamese under the light of the Systemic functional grammar.
In these works, functional aspects and relationships, such as the issues of Theme, Mood, and Process of transitivity of clauses have been described. Besides, structures below clauses, such as, nominal groups, also have received some interpretations. However, on Vietnamese language in general and Vietnamese nominal groups in particular, there have to be more functional studies because theory of functional grammar can be still considered "new" in Vietnamese linguistics. That, in other words, means the number of people who know and pay attention to it is still limited.
On Vietnamese nominal groups, although there have been some studies, the issue still has some questions to be answered and some debates to be solved, and needs further investigations. One question raised to be answered is: Can the experiential functions in Vietnamese nominal groups be clearly determined based on the systemic functional grammar? One debate that has not been solved completely is about the determination of the component element(s) of the Head and Thing in Vietnamese nominal groups. Furthermore, for Vietnamese learners of English, the full understanding of nominal groups in English and Vietnamese has been proved to be of the great importance, especially, when they want to develop skills of high proficiency, such as translation. As a matter of fact, dense scientific terms, expressions of complicated abstract issues, etc.
are in (LUAN.Vietnamese 8 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Vietnamese the forms of nominalization, and their meanings are not easy to be grasped. The understanding of the experiential functional components and the effects that each component can have on the whole meaning of the nominal group in the two languages can help much in this case. Those discussed above are the reasons for doing this thesis which is titled: The Experiential Structure of Nominal Groups in English and Vietnamese. Research Questions The aims of the study are stated in the following research questions: 1.
How are Nominal Groups in English and Vietnamese constructed in the light of Systemic Functional Grammar? 2. What are the similarities and differences in the functional construction of the Nominal Group in English and Vietnamese? III. Scope of the study As can be inferred from the research questions, the study focused on the experiential functions of nominal groups in the two languages. The study is to describe the experiential functional components of which the nominal group is comprised.
Based on the descriptions, the comparison between English and Vietnamese nominal groups will be made. Due to limited time, the issue of reference of nominal group/noun phrase is put out of the study. That will lead to the fact that some relevant structural features of the nominal group will not be discussed fully. The study is within the nominal group structure and the relations of its functional components.
Nominal groups that are used for the description and demonstration tend to be of the standard ones. Methods of the study The basic methods used in this thesis are descriptive and contrastive methods of language research. First, a description of NG in English is given in the chapter of theoretical background and literature review, and then that in Vietnamese will be done in the next chapter. Nominal groups that are used as examples for analyses and descriptions are taken from books of different genres in English and Vietnamese.
The contrastive method is used to figure out the similarities and differences between nominal groups in the two languages.Vietnamese 9 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Methods of Analysis To answer the first question, with the Systemic Functional approach the study will look into the structures of the nominal groups in the two languages. Each functional component of the nominal group will be described separately, and defined first in the interpretation of English nominal groups. In the description of Vietnamese nominal groups, there will be marked positions in the structure; each position will be examined to determine the function that the element in that position realizes.
Examples of Vietnamese nominal groups will be used accompanied with their English translations. The answer to the second research question is obtained through comparing the typical orderings of the functional components of the nominal groups in the two languages. For the demonstration of the similarities and differences, examples of English - Vietnamese nominal groups are given. The similarities and differences are intended for further studies and unstated implications for learning and teaching English for Vietnamese learners.Vietnamese 10 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Vietnamese PART 2: DEVELOPMENTS CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE I.
Systemic Functional Grammar Systemic Functional grammar (SFG) developed by Halliday is a theory that is based mainly on the work of the British linguist J. It is also influenced by Hjelmslev, the anthropologist Malinowski, and the Prague School. The theory is systemic because it is “a theory of meaning as choice, by which a language, or any other semiotic system, is interpreted as networks of interlocking options” (Halliday, 1994, xiv). It is functional because it is designed to explain “how the language is used”; “language has evolved to satisfy human needs, and the way it is organized is functional with respect to these needs.” (Halliday, ibid, xiii) What Halliday made himself different and developed from Firth and Malinowski, is that he has put more concerns on social and cultural motivations than on psychological/cognitive processes.
“Indeed, the social dimension is more strongly developed in SFG than in any other functional theory” (An Encyclopedia of Linguistics, p. Halliday‟s theory focuses firmly on meaning and he is opposed to the autonomous syntax when he tries to avoid using the term “syntax” and to use his term “Lexicogrammar” as an alternative. He claimed that grammar and lexis “are not totally different kinds of patterning but are part of the same level different in degree”. Moreover, the line separating Lexicogrammar and Semantics in SFG is not made clear; that is why SFG is (called) the grammar which is pushed into the direction of semantics.
In SFG, fundamental components of meaning in language are functional components, and the use and meaning of language are understood as the performance of the 3 metafunctions: the ideational, the interpersonal, and the textual. These functions are realized in every units of language in use ranging from the whole text to phrases and groups and so on. It can be said that the theory of 3 metafunctions is the thread line in SFG by Halliday. It also helps to distinguish SFG from other functional theories.
The ideational metafunction is divided into two subtypes: the experiential and logical metafunctions. The experiential function is to reflect our experience and (LUAN.Vietnamese 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.Vietnamese understanding of the world, which include all that come from our imagination. The logical metafuntion works above the experiential. It builds up our reasoning on the basis of our experience.
The second metafunction is the interpersonal metafunction which comprises the three component areas: the speaker/writer persona, social distance and relative social status, and which serves to establish and maintain social relations. The textual metafunction is to provide links of building/setting up discourses. By this function, we can tell a text from a set of sentences randomly mixed together. It can be said that the theory of 3 metafunctions is the underlying background of SFG.
Noun Phrase or Nominal Group: The problem of labeling In doing this thesis, we have run over the two terms: Noun Phrase and Nominal Group, which are used to refer to the same thing but in different respects of meaning. For the sake of further investigations later into the issues, it is better to look into the two terms at the right beginning for any distinction to be made. Within the scope of this study, the two terms: Noun phrase and Nominal group are the two labels to refer to the same structural unit in language. The thing that matters to be mentioned here is that each term is used in a certain context reflecting a certain choice.
Noun phrase is a term of formal grammar; it has been used in formal traditional grammar for a long time and has become so popular in linguistics. As a formal term, it is likely to be understood fully in terms of intrinsic formal features of structural constituents. To the term Nominal Group, it is easily understood that Halliday has his own reason for his choice. As a functionalist, Halliday has always made himself a distance from formal grammar.
One of his ways of doing this is trying to avoid formal terms in SFG. Therefore, he uses Nominal Group. Also, he makes a distinction between the concept of Group and of Phrase. A group is defined as “an expansion of a word”, whereas “a Phrase is a contraction of a clause.