ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep gratitude to all those who have given me the possibility to complete this graduation thesis. In preparing this graduation thesis, I have had generous help and advice from my teachers, my colleagues, my family and my friends. I would like to express my great thanks to all of them. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thanh , lecturer of Academy of Finance, for all her experienced guidance, valuable suggestions and advice throughout this thesis.
Second, I wish to show my sincere thanks to all my teachers at Academy of Finance, who have provide me with worthy lessons throughout 4 years of study. Moreover, I have furthermore to thank the staffs at Thien SonConstruction and Trading Company for their valuable supports during the internship period. Finally, I am thankful to my family who constantly gave me support and encouragement during the time my study was carried out. i ABSTRACT This study investigated the factual state of Sales Accounting and Determining Business Results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company from the viewpoint of a fourth year student of Faculty of Foreign Language, Academy of Finance.
The paper aims at finding out the drawbacks in the company”s sales accounting and determining business results, and the reasons, and more importantly suggesting main methods to improve the efficiency of accounting management and determining business results in the company. In achieving these aims, the graduation paper surveys the current situation of sales accounting and determining business results and assess that whether it is effective or not. From received results, the study argues the most practical implications at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company to improve the efficiency of sales accounting and determining business results of the company in the year to come. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.
1 CHAPTER 1: BASIC THEORIES ABOUT SALES ACCOUNTING AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS.1 Scientific basis of sales accounting and determination of the business result.1 General issues of sales and determining business results.2 Sales accounting content. Cost of sales accounting. Accounting of financial revenues and expenses. Accounting of selling and administrative expenses.
Accounting of other income and expenses. Corporate income tax expense accounting. Accounting identified business results. Document review of sales accounting and determining business results in the business.
Studies related to sales accounting and sales determination. Demand for further research of sales accounting topics and determining business results.36 iii CHAPTER 2: THE STUDY OF SALES ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS RESULTS AT THIEN SON CONSTRUCTION AND TRADING COMPANY .1 Overview of Thien Son Trade and Constroction Joinstock Company.1 The formation process and development of the company. Functions and duties of the company.3 The corporate management organization. Characteristics of accounting department.
Accounting bookkeeping applied at the company. Actual situation of sales accounting and determination of business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Joint Stock Company. Methods of sale and payment at the enterprise. Sales and service provision accounting.
Accounting for sales deductions. Cost of sales accounting.6 Business administration expenses. Accounting financial activities revenue.8 Financial contract cost accounting. Other income accounting.86 CHAPTER 3: COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE SALES ACCOUNTING AND DETERMINE BUSINESS RESULTS AT THIEN SON TRADE AND CONSTRUCTION JOINSTOCK COMPANY.1 Evaluate current sales accounting and determine business results at Thien Son Trade and Construction Joinstock Company.1 General assessment of accounting work.2 Evalution of sales accounting and determination of business results at the company.
Several solutions to improve sales and determine results.1 Apply information technology to sales.2 Assignment of work.3 Development direction in the future.96 v TABLE FLOWCHART Flowchart 1.1 : Accounting entry for direct sales for company.2: Accounting for revenue deductions.3: Cost of goods sold at the inventory accounting enterprise.4: Accounting entry for financial income.5: Accounting entry for financial expenses.6 : Accounting entry for selling expenses.7: Accounting entry for administrative expenses.8: Accounting entry for other incomes.9: Accounting entry for other expenses.10: Accounting entry for income tax expense.11: Accounting entry for business result.2: Organizational Chart of Accounting.4 Sales accounting bookkeeping process.5 Cost of goods sold accounting recording process.6: Accounting bookkeeping process of selling expensesd of the month.7: Enterprise management expense accounting recording process.8: Accounting bookkeeping process of financial revenue.9: Accounting bookkeeping process of financial income.10: Other income bookkeeping process.11: Other expense bookkeeping process. Rationale of the study In the market economy, if an enterprise wants to survive and thrive, the quality of accounting information occupies a very important role in management with the function of systematically observing, recording daily business operations of economic that arise, reflecting the production, the business process, the organization of product and goods consumption by the enterprise. Besides, accounting is also an important task of determining business results. Information about business results is very important because, on that basis, managers know how effective the business production process is achieved and then make future development-oriented strategies.
In the current dynamic economic situation, the result of goods consumption is not only the implementation of sales transactions but also the result of the scientific and systematic recording of a set of economic services that arise to closely manage the sales process. This has shown the extremely important role of accountants in organizing and managing sales activities. To understand the importance of the accounting system in general and the accounting for determining business results in particular, I have chosen the topic: "Sales accounting and determining business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company ” to do this graduation thesis with the desire to understand deeply about this accounting part and understand the reality of accounting work in the enterprise. Thereby reinforcing the knowledge learned and complete well the essay.
Aims of the study - Synthesize and systematize general theoretical issues related to sales accounting and determine business results. - Researching the actual situation of sales accounting and determining business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company. - Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of sales accounting and determine the business results of Thien Son Construction and Trading Company. 1 -Proposing solutions to perfecting the general accounting and sales accounting and determining business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company.
Methodology of the study - Collecting data from the balance sheet and the report of business results. - Observing and conversational methods. - Statistical methods - Research methodology, reference documents. The scope of the study - In terms of space: the topic focuses on sales accounting research and the determination of product trading results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company - Research period: internship from January 20, 2021, to May 20,2021 - Data source: The data is taken from 2018 – 2020 5.
Organization of the study Besides the Contents, Introduction, Conclusion, and References, the thesis consists of 3 chapters. CHAPTER 1: Basic theories about sales accounting and determining business results CHAPTER 2: The real state of sales accounting and determining business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company CHAPTER 3:Comments and Suggestions to improve sales accounting and determine business results at Thien Son Construction and Trading Company 2 CHAPTER 1: BASIC THEORIES ABOUT SALES ACCOUNTING AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS 1.1 Scientific basis of sales accounting and determination of the business result 1.1 General issues of sales and determining business results 1. Sales concept Selling is the process in which the seller transfers ownership of goods sold to a buyer to collect money or the right to collect money from the buyer. Selling is the last stage of commercial activity, when the sale process takes place, the enterprise's capital changes from physical form to monetary form, the enterprise loses ownership of the goods but receives the rights.
possession of money, the right to collect money or possession of another commodity. The role of sales For the economy of producing goods, consuming products or selling goods is very important, it is seen on two aspects: the macro-level (that is, for the economy as a whole) and microscale (for enterprises). For businesses, selling plays an extremely important role in deciding the existence and development of the business. When the product of the business is consumed that is accepted by the consumer, the consumer is then willing to pay for his choice.
The consumption of products shows the reputation of the business, the quality of demand adaptation, the perfection of services, which is the basis for evaluating the organization's ability to manage the efficiency of production and business of the business. Across the entire economy, sales have a special role, both as a condition for social reproduction and as a bridge between producers and consumers, reflecting the meeting of supply. and demand goods, thereby orienting production and consumption. Business result concept 3 Business result is the final result of normal production and business activities and the results of other business activities of an enterprise over a certain period expressed as an amount of profit or loss.
Significance of the sales process accounting and determining business results a. Meaning Accounting in general, sales accounting, in particular, is an indispensable management tool. It provides essential information for business executives, who have direct and indirect economic interests in the business, helps them know the consumption situation and sales results of the business, check inspect, supervise and make timely decisions for their goals. Sales accounting and sales determination not only provide information about general indicators, through which information users also recognize detailed information, specific about sales and prices.
capital, results of each type of goods sold. State agencies and tax agencies know about the implementation of their quotas and obligations to the State. Sales accounting and determining business results help businesses use costs more economically and effectively, increase sales revenue to maximize profits. Sales accounting tasks and determining business results Sales accounting and business result determination play a very important role in acquiring, processing, and providing information about sales activities of the enterprise to check and supervise all activities.
To fulfill that role, sales accountants and business result determination must perform the following tasks: + Monitoring, reflecting, and closely monitoring the sales process, fully recording sales revenues, selling expenses, sales deductions. + Closely monitor and manage customers' debt payments, urge them to collect enough money for sales. Accurately determine sales results, reflect and urge the performance of state obligations. 4 + Provide necessary economic information for relevant departments, conduct periodic economic analysis for the sales department, and business results.
+ Reflect and accurately calculate the results of each activity, monitor the performance of obligations to the State, and the distribution of the results of activities. + Providing accounting information serving the preparation of financial statements and periodic analysis of economic activities related to the sales process, determining business results.2 Sales accounting content 1.1 Forms of sale a. Wholesale method - Wholesale of goods through warehouse: finished products are produced, goods are purchased and stored in stock and then sold. There are 2 delivery ways: + The seller delivers at the seller's warehouse: the buyer's representative receives the goods at the seller's warehouse, signs the sale invoice, and receives the goods together with the invoice for the buyer.
When the goods are delivered, the seller's accountant records the sales revenue, the goods liability, and the costs belong to the buyer. + The seller delivers goods at the place specified by the purchaser as agreed in the contract: the seller that delivers the goods for sale is called the goods sent for sale, which has not yet recorded the turnover. Goods on the road are responsible for the goods and costs belong to the seller, the accountant records the sales at the time of delivery to the buyer according to the actual number delivered, the buyer accepts to buy and signs the invoice. - Direct shipping wholesale: This is the case of consuming goods sold to customers without entering the warehouse of the enterprise.
Enterprises buy goods from suppliers to sell directly to buyers.