ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- NGUYỄN QUANG KHÁNH THE DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY IN COMMERCIAL BANKS - AN ANALYSIS OF BIDV VIET NAM CÁC YẾU TỐ QUYẾT ĐỊNH ĐẾN LỢI NHUẬN CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI – PHÂN TÍCH TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA BIDV VIỆT NAM LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH HÀ NỘI - 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- NGUYỄN QUANG KHÁNH THE DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY IN COMMERCIAL BANKS - AN ANALYSIS OF BIDV VIET NAM CÁC YẾU TỐ QUYẾT ĐỊNH ĐẾN LỢI NHUẬN CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI – PHÂN TÍCH TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA BIDV VIỆT NAM Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 01 02 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS. PHẠM THỊ THANH HÒA HÀ NỘI - 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION The author confirms that the research outcome in the thesis is the result of author‟s independent work during study and research period and it is not yet published in other‟s research and article. The other‟s research result and documentation (extraction, table, figure, formula, and other document) used in the thesis are cited properly and the permission (if required) is given. The author is responsible in front of the Thesis Assessment Committee, Hanoi School of Business and Management, and the laws for above- mentioned declaration.
i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iv LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. 1 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES.
Commercial banks introduction. General review of Bank profitability. Indicators of bank profitability. Internal factors effecting the bank profitability.
Other external factor effecting the bank profitability. 12 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW THE BIDV AND PROFITABILITY OF BIDV16 2. Review of BIDV and profitability in 2006-2017 intervals. Introduction to BIDV.
Brief of BIDV profit making performance in 2006-2017. Comparative review of profitability in BIDV and Vietinbank in the concerned period. Potential determinants of profitability of BIDV. 30 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS.
Research paradigm & strategies. Data collection & sample selection strategies. Data analysis methods. 33 ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.
Return on Equity. Return on Assets. Comment on model validity:. 46 CHAPTER 4: IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BIDV TO IMPROVE THE PROFITABILITY IN THE FUTURE.
Development strategy of BIDV in the near future. Recommendations for BIDV to improve the profitability in the future. Debt management policy. Maintaining other ratios that affect bank profitability.
Diversify other sources of income beyond lending. Customer orientation strategy. Other practical solutions for BIDV. 67 iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABBREVIATION ROA: Return on Assets ROE: Return on Equity NPLR: Non-performing Loan ratio CAR: Capital Adequacy ratio LDR: Loan to Deposit ratio LLPR: Loan Loss Provision ratio TA: Total Asset DR: Dividend Ratio REM: Random Effect Method FEM: Fixed Effect Method iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 - Quality Criteria of BIDV .2 - Dependent variables on profit in BIDV.3 - FEM-ROE regression .4 - REM - ROE regression .5 - Hausman Test - ROE .6 - FEM - ROA regression .7 - REM - ROA regression .8 - Hausman Test - ROA.
46 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 – BIDV ROA & ROE from 2006-2017 .2 – BIDV Profit before and after tax from 2006-2017 .3 – BIDV Total assets and Owner‟s equity .4 – Comparison of BIDV and Vietinbank profitability .5 – Comparison of BIDV and Vietinbank CAR.6 – Comparison of BIDV and Vietinbank NPL & LLR. 28 vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Research motives: In any economy, commercial banks play crucial role in moderating the flow of cash so that the economic goal and objectives can be achieved. This function of the commercial banks implies that the economy may only last as long as the commercial banks remain healthy.
However, the nature of a commercial entity requires any bank to set profit as their ultimate goals. According to Misker (2015) profit indicates whether a business may sustain in long time or not while reflecting the efficiency of business management in the short run. As a result, the investors also relies on profit to evaluate and compare among the different investment opportunities during decision making process. For this reason, profit always remain among the top objectives of commercial banks.
Meanwhile, it is no doubt that the practices involving credit activities in its core business make the commercial bank inevitably exposed to high credit risks which somehow keep the bank from achieving optimal profits. In the wake of bank management, it is therefore important for the bank managers to strive to secure the profit maximization; yet the mission is rather challenging once the competition pressure in the banking sectors escalates. Unlike any other type of business, the commercial banks are also tied with the regulations which are released to ensure the safety in bank operation; while the banks themselves must compete against each other. Considering such a complicated situation, it is evident that the bank manager must consider such an extensive scope of factors to determine the relevant decisions in line with not only the position of the bank but also the tendency of external environment.
The challenge in maintaining high profit in the banking sector therefore set the ground for the studies seeking for determinants influencing profit by far. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com However, there remain controversies on the set of criteria as well as how each factor corresponds with the rate of profit, depending on nature of business and conditions where the business operates. In Vietnam, the empirical studies on factors affecting profit are numerous, yet the vast majority of papers by far just took account into the issue from rather macro perspectives. It is therefore impractical when coming to the application of knowledge in improving profit of particular bank.
This gaps in literature hence motivates the author in examining the issue in a narrower scope of a specific case – BIDV. The selected target of the study is by far named as the Vietnam largest state- owned bank which had its successful IPO in 2011. Research objectives To identify the endogenous factors affecting profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam To evaluate the impacts and draw conclusion on the most significant factors those should be considered To apply the learning‟s on improving the profitability in specific case of BIDV 3. Research questions: What are the factors which affect the level of profitability in banking sectors? How do those factors influence the operation of commercial banks as BIDV? How should manager implement the knowledge of these significant variables on improving profit of commercial banks? 4.
Research scope: Time scope: The study would focus on an interval over 10 years, starting from 2006 and ending at 2017. This period of time witnessed such a huge 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com transformation of Vietnam economy as well as the domestic banking system after the country successfully made its accession into WTO in 2005. Following this, BIDV and other banks also experienced dramatic fluctuation due to exposure to the erratic changes caused by global financial crisis in 2008-2009 and the domestic recession in 2011-2012. Given this pattern, the data fetched from this period therefore reflected better the profit in relation to different conditions of driving factors Target of study: BIDV is the main research target, given its important role in Vietnam economy.
The other commercial banks (Vietinbank) in the sectors are also included for comparative analysis and measurement. Research significance: The research is expected to provide enormous benefits to any stakeholders involving to the banking business, including manager of BIDV and other commercial banks in Vietnam as well as the investors who are seeking for investment opportunities in this sector. First of all, the focal point of this study which is set on different aspects of profitability should provide the managers of the commercial banks in Vietnam an insight into the mechanism of bank profitability so that the strategic decisions in bank development can be more effective. Should the elements affecting bank profit be confirmed, the bank managers may subsequently respond by shaping the strategic approach with the aim of motivating positive factors and diminishing the negative factors at the same time.
Especially, as the case of BIDV is examined, the managers in this bank could directly benefit from the outcomes of this research, for the practical recommendations drawn out in line with the actual circumstance of the BIDV. Last but probably not least, the investors who are examining the investment opportunities in the commercial banks should be empowered with important knowledge of profit analysis. Knowing which favorable factors would positively or negatively affect the profit performance, 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com the investors are capable of evaluating and predicting how would bank profit might change in the future. As a result, the investors might minimize the investment risks with more efficient investment decisions.
All in all, the knowledge supplied by this study appears to be far more important as the banking system of Vietnam is undergoing through a transitional process as the economy and the entire sector are more integrated into the global system (KPMG, 2013). 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 1. This chapter will take account into building up a robust theoretical ground on the concerned research topic, from which the subsequent analysis might rely on. To begin, the concept of profitability in general and in context of the banking sector will be examined.
Commercial banks introduction In a rough definition, a commercial bank is a type of financial institution accepting deposits, making business loan, mortgage loan as well as offer various basic financial products including saving account and certificates of deposit. According to Li and Zou (2014), commercial bank should be differentiated from investment bank which has different function, though some commercial bank might assume the dual business. Though the commercial bank has core function of accepting deposit and providing bank loan, the specific types of deposit and bank loan might vary significantly from one to another. As for deposit, there might be saving account deposits, fixed deposit or recurring account deposits.
The bank loan could be cash credit, money at call, overdraft facility or bill discount. In Vietnam, the definition of commercial bank is in fact rather generalized, yet remain following the common concept of commercial bank adopted worldwide. According to Vietnam Law on Banking in 1997, a commercial bank is defined as a form of credit institution entitled to carry out all banking activities and other activities. Herein, the banking activities are instituted to include 5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com monetary business and banking services with regular operations as accepting deposits as well as utilizing deposits to provide credit and payment services.
At the first glance, the definition of commercial bank in Vietnam does comply with international notion in regards with functions assumed by the bank. However, there is not a close boundary for activities to be conducted by the commercial bank in Vietnam as there is room for extension of operation spectrum. For this openness, commercial banks in Vietnam could diversify across various fields of operation and take different roles in the economy. BIDV can be considered as one of hybrid banks which function as investment and commercial bank at the same time.
On one hand, BIDV accepts deposit from public and turn deposit intending activities as the way other commercial banks do. On the other hand, BIDV features the investment bank as it funds many investment projects and key economic areas of the country.