TRUflNG DAI HOC KINH TE TP. HO CHI MINH KHOA THU’O’NG MAI - DU LICH - MARKETING Chii bien: ThS. DINH TIEN MINH ThS. QUACH THI BlfU CHAU - ThS.
NGUYEN VAN TRl/NG - ThS. DAO HOAI NAM Gido trinh MARKETING I n hang Minh 71 U1/A12223 NHA XUAT BAN LAO DONG - 20 14 Chu Bien: Th.S Dinh Tien Minh Th.S Quach Thi BQu Chau Th.S Nguyen Van TrUng Th.S Dao Hadi Nam Giao trinh MARKETING CAN BAN ( Tai ban ISn thCr hai co chinh ly b6 sung ) NHA XUAT BAN LAO DONG - 2014 LCHMCXDAU Cong cuoc doi moi kinh td cua Viet Nam trong then gian qua da dat dirge nhidu tien bo dang kd tren nhidu ITnh vuc. Sau khi Luat Dau tu Nuoc ngoai dugc ban hanh vao nam 1987, Viet Nam da thu hut ngay cang nhieu cac nha ddu tu tren thd gioi, dac biet la tu mot so nuoc c6 nen kinh te phat trien nhu My, Anh, Phap, Due, Nhat, Singapore. Tu duy va ky nang quan ly moi cung du nhap vao Viet Nam.
Nhung kinh nghiem thuc tien rut ra tu cac hoat dong trao doi thuong mai vdi cac nude giup chung ta cai tien rat nhieu trong cong tac quan ly, dieu hanh va vach ra kd hoach phat trien cho tuong lai. Qua trinh hoi nhap cua Viet Nam vao khoi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A (ASEAN) cung nhu vide tham gia vao Khu vuc Mau dich tu do ASEAN (AFTA) nam 1995 va vao To chuc Thuong mai The gioi (WTO) nam 2006 da minh chung cho su tien bo nhanh chong, vuot bac cua mot dat nude ma each day chi vai thap nien van con rat kho khan, bo ngo voi phong each quan ly hien dai. Cung vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hoi, trong cac truong dai hoc tai Viet Nam nhieu mon hoc cung cap kien thuc va ky nang quan ly mdi nhu Quan tri Tai chinh, Quan tri Nguon nhan lire va dac biet la Marketing da dugc dua vao giang day. Mot so tua sach chuyen nganh cung da dugc dich sang tieng Viet de sinh vien c6 co hoi hoc tap va nghien cuu.
Trong ITnh vuc Marketing, chung ta da thdy co rat nhieu tua sach dugc dich va bay ban tren thi truong. Moi tac gia hay nhom tac gia da co gSng hdt sue minh dd bien tap lai cho phu hgp hon vdi moi truong kinh doanh kha phuc tap tai Viet Nam. Doi vdi chung toi, muc tieu cua giao trinh nay cung khong nam ngoai y tuong do. Chung toi mong mudn viet tiep cho nhu cau rong Ion nay va huong ddn ddi tugng la sinh vien cac he dang dugc dao tao tai cac truong dai hgc tren ca nude.
Trong qua trinh bien soan, chung t6i cd gang tham khao nhidu nguon tai lieu trong va ngoai nude, cung nhu ket hgp vdi kinh nghiem giang day tich luy dugc. Giao trinh nay dugc vidt thanh 5 phdn vdi 12 chuong. 3 PHAN 1: GIOITHIELI VE MARKETING ■S Chuang 1: Nhap mon Marketing PHAN 2: MOl TRVdNG MARKETING - LVA CHQN THI TRUONG MUC TlfcU VA DINH VI •J Chuang 2: Moi truang Marketing S Chuong 3: Hanh vi khdch hang Chuang 4: Nghien cuu Marketing S Chuang 5: Phan khuc, lua chon va dinh vi thi truang ' • PHAN 3: CAC CHIEN LlTOC MARKETING Chuang 6: Chien luge san phdm S Chuang 7: Chien luge dinh gid S Chuang 8: Chien luge phan ph6i S Chuang 9: Chien luge xue ti6n -. PHAN 4: TO CHtTC THtfC HlEN MARKETING S Chuang 10: Lap ke hoach, to chuc, thuc hien va kiSm soat Marketing PHAN 5: CAC HOAT DQNG MARKETING KHAC S Chuang 11: Marketing dich vu S Chuang 12: Marketing quoc te Trong qud trinh viet gido trinh ndy, mac dd chung toi da co nhieu no luc d£ bien soan nhung chdc chdn khong the trdnh khoi thieu sot.
Chung toi rdt tran trpng vd biet an ban doc cd nhung ki£n dong g6p cho cuon sdeh de Idn tdi ban sau dugc tbt han. Moi trao doi g6p xin vui long gai vS Khoa Thuang Mai - Du Lich - Marketing, truang Dai Hoc Kinh Te TP.HCM, so 54 Nguyen Van Thu, QI, TP. Chung toi chan thdnh cam an. / ' tap thE tAc giA 02/2012 4 Muc luc MUC • LUC • LOT M& D AU.
3 x PHAN 1: Gl6l THIEU VE MARKETING. CHUONG 1: NHAP MON MARKETING (MARKETING INTRODUCTION).1 SV* RA D6i VA PHAT TRIEN CUA MARKETING.1 S(/ ra dai cua Marketing.2 Cac giai doan phat trien cua Marketing.1 Giai doan huong theo san xuAt (Production Orientation Stage).2 Giai doan huong theo san pham (Product Orientation Stage).3 Giai doan huong theo ban hang (Sales Orientation Stage).4 Giai doan huong theo Marketing (Marketing Orientation Stage) — cdn gpi la huong theo khach hang.5 Marketing xa hoi (The Societal Marketing Concept).1, Mot so thuat ngu trong Marketing.8 Ngudi tieu dung (Consumers). 31 5 • < Marketing can ban 1.9 GiA tri cam nhan cua ngucri tieu dung (Customer Perceived Value).2 Khai niem va ban chat cua Marketing.3 Khac biet giua quan diem Marketing va quan diem ban hang.35 13 MVC TIEU VA CHU*C NANG CUA MARKETING.1 Muc tieu cua Marketing.2 Chuc nang cua Marketing.4 TIEN TRINH MARKETING.2 Cac thanh phan cua Marketing mix.3 Cac yeu to anh huong den Marketing mix.6 PHAN LOAI MARKETING.1 Can cu vao lihh vuc hoat dong.2 Can cu vao qui mo, tarn voc hoat dong.3 Can cu vao pham vi hoat dong.4 Can cu vao khach hang.5 Can cu vao dac diem cau tao san pham. 45 CAU HOI ON TAP CHlTONG 1.
47 PHAN 2: MOI TRU'O'NG MARKETING, LtfA CHQN THI TRU'ONG MVC TIEU & DINH VI.49 CHU'ONG 2: MOI TRUONG MARKETING (MARKETING ENVIRONMENT).1 MOI TRVdNG VI MO (MACRO-ENVIRONMENT)------------ 52 2.5 Chinh tri — Phap luat.2 MOI TRU*dNG VI MO (MICRO-ENVIRONMENT) .2 Nha cung ung.3 Cac trung gian Marketing.5 Doi thu canh tranh. 61* CAU HOI ON TAP CHlTONG 2.64 CHVONG 3: HANH VI KHACH HANG (CUSTOMER BEHAVIOURS).1 HANH VIMUA HANG CUA NGUtH TIEU DUNG (CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR)____________________ 66 3.1 Mo hinh hanh vi mua hang cua nguoi tieu dung.2 Nhung nhan to anh huong den hanh vi mua hang cua nguoi tieu dung.1 Cac nhan to tarn ly.2 Cac nhan to ca nhan.3 Cac nhan to van hoa.4 Cac nhan to xa hoi.3 Cac dang hanh vi mua sim.1 Hanh vi mua phuc tap (Complex buying behaviour).2 Hanh vi mua thoa hiep (Dissonance — reducing buying behaviour).3 Hanh vi mua theo thoi quen (Habitual buying behaviour).4 Hanh vi mua nhieu lira chon (Variety — seeking buying behaviour). 75 7 Marketing can ban 3.5 Tien trinh ra quyet dinh mua.2 HANH VI MUA HANG CL1A t6 CHUC___________________ 80 3.1 Cac loai thi tmdng to churc.1 Thi tmdng cong nghiep (Industrial market).2 Thi tmdng nguoi ban lai (Reseller market).3 Thi tmdng cac ca quan chinh phu (Government market).2 Nhung dac tinh cua cac thi tmdng t6 churc. 1 Ket cau thi tmdng va cac dac tinh cua cau.
80 3222 Ban chat cua don vi mua.3 Cac dac tinh khac. Hanh vi mua cua khach hang to churc.1 Nhung nguoi tham gia vao qua trinh mua hang.32 Nguoi sur dung.3 Nguoi anh huong.5 Nguoi quyet dinh.6 Nguoi bao ve.4 Cac loai quyet dinh mua va tien trinh ra quyet dinh mua.1 Mua hang lap lai khong c6 thay doi.2 Mua hang lap lai co dieu chinh. 83 TOM TAT CHUTING 3. 85 CAU HOI ON TAP CHUONG 3.
86 CHITONG 4: NGHIEN CtTtJ MARKETING (MARKETING RESEARCH).1 KHAI NIfM VE NGHIEN CtfU MARKETING-------------- -----88 4.2 CAC LOAIHINH NGHIEN CL'U MARKETING------------- --- 89 4.1 Dira vao muc tieu nghien ciiu c6 nghien ciru ca ban va nghien cuu ling dung.2 Dua vao each there nghien cuu c6 nghien cum tai ban va nghien cum tai hien truong.3 Dura vao dac diem thong tin co nghien cum dinh tinh va nghien curu dinh luong.4 Dura vao mure do am hieu thi tnrdng co nghien cum kham pha, nghien cum so bo, nghien cum tham dd.5 Dura vao each thurc xu ly so lieu dinh luong cd nghien cum mo ta va nghien cum nhan qua.6 Dura vao tin suat co nghien cum dot xuat va nghien cum thudng xuyen.3 QUI TRINH NGHIEN CUU MARKETING (MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS)________________ .1 Xac dinh van de va muc tieu nghien cum.2- Xay dung ke hoach nghien cum.3 Thurc hien nghien cum.1 Nguon du lieu thur cap (secondary data).2 Nguon du lieu sa cap (primary data).4 Trinh bay bao cao ket qua nghien cum. 97 cAu HOI On TAP CHUTING 4. 98 CHUTING 5: PHAN KHUC Till TRUONG - LVA CHQN THJ TRUTlNG MVC TIEU - £>INH VI TRONG THJ TRUTlNG (SEGMENTATION - TARGETING - POSITIONING).1 khAi quAt VE THI TRUONG________________________ 100 5.1 Cac quan diem vd thi truong.2 Phan loai thi truong. PHAN KHUC THI TRLTCJNG (MARKET SEGMENTATION).1 Khai niem phan khuc tlii truong.2 Dieu kien de phan khuc co hieu qua.
103 9 Marketing can ban 5.3 Ca so phan khuc thi truong.1 Phan khuc theo dia ly.2 Phan khuc theo dan so.3 Phan khuc theo tarn li hpc tieu dung.4 Phan khuc theo hanhvi .5 Phan khuc thi truong doanh nghiep.4 Cac buoc phan khuc thi truong. 108 53 LVA CHQN Tin TRUING MVC TIEU___________ ________ 108 5.1 Danh gia cac khuc thi truong.1 Qui mo va muc tang truong cua khuc thi truong.13 Muc dp hap dan cua khuc thi truong.3 Muc tieu va nguon luc cong ty.2 Lua chon thi truong muc tieu.1 Marketing khong phan biet (undiffentiated Marketing).333 Marketing phan biet (diffentiated Marketing).3 Marketing tap trung (concentrated Marketing).3 Cancuxac dinh chiSnlugechothitruongmuctieu.4 DINH • VITRONG • THITRUONG • _______ _____ .1 Khai niem dinh vi.2 Cac miic dp dinh vi.3 Cac chiin hrac dinh vi san pham.4 Cac buac cua qua trinh dinh vj (The process of positioning).116 TOM TAT CHUONG 5. 119 CAU HOI 6N TAP CHlTONG 5. 120 PHAN 3: CAC CHIEN LlfQC MARKETING.
121 ’ CHUONG 6: CHIEN LUQC SAN PHAM (PRODUCT STRATEGY).1 SAN PHAM THEO QUAN DlfeM MARKETING —.1 Khai niem ve san pham.2 Phan loai san pham.3 Dac tinh cua san phim.3 Bao bi - Su dong goi.4 Nhung dich vu gan lien vdi san pham.2 CHIEN LU’QC SAN PHAM.1 Cac khai niem.1 Dong san pham.2 Tap hop san pham.3 Chien luge san phim.2 Cac chien luge san pham.1 Chien luge tap hgp san phim.2 Chien luge dong san pham.3 Chien luge cho tung san pham cu the.3 NGHIEN *CU U CHU KY SONG SAN PHAM.1 Khai niem ve chu ky sdng san pham.2 Dae diem cac giai doan trong chu ky song san pham.1 Doi vdi giai doan ma dau.2 Doi vdi giai doan tang truong.3 Doi vdi giai doan trudng thanh.4 Doi vdi giai doan suy thoai.4 CHIEN LI/QC PHAT TRIEN SAN PHAM MOI___________ 137 6.1 Khai niem ve san pham mdi.2 Cac giai doan phat trien san pham mdi.1 Tim ra nhung y tuong mdi.2 Chpn Igc va danh gia y tuong mdi.23 Phat trien vathunghiem khai niem.11 Marketing can ban 6.4 Ho^ch dinh chien luge Marketing.5 Phan tich ve mat kinh doanh.6 Phdt trien san pham.7 Thu nghiem tren thi truong.8 Thuong mai hoa san pham. 139 CHVONG 7: CHIEN LlTQC DINH GIA (PRICING STRATEGY).1 GIA VA TAM QUAN TRQNG CUA GIA TRONG MARKETING MIX______________________ ______________ 144 7.1 Gia la gi?.2 Tam quan trong cua gid trong Marketing mix.2 NHUNG NHANT6 CAN XEMXETKHI DINH GIA______ 145 7.1 Nhung yeu to ben trong.1 Cac muc tieu Marketing.2 Chi£n luge Marketing mix.3 Vi tri cua san pham tren during bieu dien chu ky song.2 Nhung yeu to ben ngoai.1 Kieu thi truring.