VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI SCHOOL OF BUSINESS HOANG NGOC LINH SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT OF VIETNAM BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (AGRIBANK) Major: Business Administration Code: 60 34 05 MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION THESIS Supervisor: Dr. NGUYEN VIET DUNG Hanoi – 2010 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
xi LIST OF TABLE. xii LIST OF FIGURES. Contributions of the research. Structure of the thesis .1 Main types of Risk in the bank operation .3 Interest rate risk .2 Other types of risk .2 Bank credit & Credit Risk .2 Classification of credits & credit risk .1 Classification of credits.
9 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Classification of credit risks .3 Root causes of credit risk .2 Risks due to borrowers .3 Risks due to the bank internally .4 Damages caused by credit risks .1 To the bank .2 To economy and society .3 Credit risk management .2 Identification of credit risks .3 Preventive and corrective measures against groups of risk signs .3 Measures on debt recovery .4 Measures against bank officers and relevant bodies: .4 Risk management from the viewpoint of Basel Committee and criteria for development of a modern risk management model.1 Basel I Banking regulations .2 Methods of credit risk approach as per Basel II. Criteria for development of a modern risk management model as per Basel Committee. Vietnam’s existing regulations on debt classification, provisioning and use of provisions for settlement of credit risks. 28 ANALYSIS Of AGRIBANK’S CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT.
Overview on Agribank and its loan system. 30 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Overview of Agribank’s business performance in period of 2005 - 2009 and in first 6 months of 2010. Business environment in period of 2005 - 2009 and in first 6 months of 2010.
Business performance during 2005 - 2009. Some indicators to assess financial performance .4 Trends of capital adequacy of AGRIBANK .5 Business results of 2010’s first half. Loan structure and quality during 2005-2009 .1 Loan structure by economic regions .2 Structure of lending by economic sectors in the years 2005-2009 .3 Loan structure by terms:.4 Loan structure by currencies: .5 Loan structure by economic industries: .1 Credit quality by terms .2 Credit quality by economic regions .3 Credit quality by enterprise types .4 Credit quality by branches .3 Assessment on provision for impairment loss and methods to deal with bad debts .1 Provision for impairment loss .2 Methods to deal with bad debts .4 Status quo of credit risk management in Agribank. 54 viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 Credit organization structure and risk management:.
Regulations on customer classification as currently applied .4 Some shortcomings in credit risk management .1 Shortcomings in provisioning and risk processing: .2 Shortcomings in credit policies, customer policies and customer classification.3 Shortcomings in credit procedures and credit risk management.4 Shortcomings from Staff’s qualification and career ethics .5 Shortcomings by insufficient information management system .5 Main reasons caused credit risk in Agribank .2 Reasons caused by borrowers. 69 SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE AGRIBANK’S 69 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT. Agribank’s development goals and orientation in terms of credit activities and credit risk management towards 2015 and 2020 .2 Measures to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of credit risk management in Agribank .1 Strengthening financial conditions .2 Complete credit operation and risk management structure .3 Complete credit procedures .4 Improve the quality of human resources. Customer classification and assessment procedures.
Develop customer policies in credit activities:. Set out prudential ratios in credit activities:. 85 ix LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Expand loans secured by collaterals .3 Disperse credit risks .8 Book provisions to offset risks:. Invest in modern information technology.
Policy recommendations to improve commercial bank’s credit risk management. To the Government. To State Bank. 94 x LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACB Asia Commercial Bank AGRIBANK Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development ALCO Asset Liability Committee BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam CAR Capital Equity Ratio CBs Commercial Banks CEO Chief Executive Officer CIC Credit information center CIs Commercial Institutions DBS Development Bank of Singapore Limited GDP Gross Domestic Product IAS International Accounting Standards IRB Internal Ratings - Based Approach NPLs Non performing loans OCBC Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation LTD ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SA Standardized Approach SBV State Bank of Viet Nam UOB United Overseas Bank VAS Viet nam Accounting Standard VCB Bank for foreign trade of Vietnam xi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1: CBs’ total assets from 2007 to 2009 .2: Treasury growth rates over the years .3: Agribank's structure of deposits in the years 2005-2009 .4: ROA, ROE & some indicators of Agribank in the years 2007-2009 .5: ROA, ROE of CBs in 2009 .6: Agribank’s capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is as follows: .7: Loan structure by economic industries: .8: Agribank’s loan classification in the year 2006-2009 period .9: Ratios of NPLs of CBs in 2009 .10: Agribank’s provision for impairment loss .11: Agribank’s Risk handling in the year 2007-2009 period.12: Agribank’s debt recovery in the year 2005-2009 period .1: Structure of capital in the year 2006-2009 period.
71 xii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2. GDP Growth over the year 2005-2009 (%). Agribank’s total assets from 2005 to 2009. Deposits of some big credit institutions (billion VND).
Agribank's break-down of deposits in the year 2009 by economic sectors. Agribank’s deposits in terms of currencies from 2005 to 2009 (billion VND). Agribank’s owner equity from 2006 to 2009. Agribank’s profit before tax from 2006 to 2009.
CAR of some commercial banks in Vietnam & in the region. Credit growth through years (2005 – 2009) (billion VND). Agribank’s loan structure by economic regions in the year 2009. Structure of lending by economic sectors (billion VND).
Agribank’s loan structure by terms in the years 2005-2009. Agribank’s Outstanding by currencies from 2005 to 2009. 48 xiii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Thesis necessity 60-70% of commercial banks’ profit comes from credit operations, or even up to 90% elsewhere.
The credit monoculture is a vital issue in risk management of the banking industry. Among existing risks, credit risk covers the biggest proportion in commercial banks, which account for up to 80% of fundamental risks and cause great impacts on banking operations. Due to such impacts, risk management has become a focus and attracted special attention of the entire banking system. In addition, credit operations are now among the most severe competition with foundation of joint stock commercial banks.
Commercial banks have taken advantage of their advantages to have brand names and hold big market shares in the local financial market. Despite being established later, joint stock commercial banks have affirmed themselves with state-of-the-art technology, powerful human resources and marketing strategies, etc, step by step obtaining a firm position in the absolutely potential market of Vietnam. It is not to mention foreign banks operating in Vietnam now. Regardless of developed or developing banks, under completion procedures or scope expansion, risk management, especially credit risks, plays a significant role while profits from credit activities, in practice, account for a large portion of total revenues.
Therefore, good risk management secures banking operations and prevents potential risks in the future. The financial environment is providing banks with a huge number of opportunities to enhance profits, as well as challenges of competition and risks. Thus, risk management becomes one of the most efficient weapons of the industry. The credit operations of Agribank over the last period also indicate that credit risk management of the whole system has not been controlled efficiently and risks are in a more and more increasing trend.
Consequently, it is now an urgent requirement that credit risks must be controlled and monitored methodologically and efficiently, ensuring credit activities to be under an acceptable risk scale, 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com assisting better and more effective distributions of capital in credit operations, minimizing any damages caused by credit risks, increasing profitability for the bank’s business results, contributing to the improvement of the bank’s reputation and competitive advantages. Research Objectives The main objectives of the thesis are to - Clarify and contribute to the debate over credit risk management. - Analyze the situation of credit activities and credit quality, point out reasons for risks and methods of credit risk management in Agribank. - Based on the discussion and practical analysis of credit risks, propose several measures on credit risk management in Agribank.
Research Scope To study from the theory to practices of reasons for credit risks, situation of credit risk management so far in Agribank, accordingly recommend measures on credit risk management. Data sources The main sources of secondary data are books, newspapers, internal and external reports (annual reports, financial statements, official releases of Agribank and other banks) and internet. The primary data was gathered from direct interviews and discussion with officials and managers of Agribank. Research Methods I apply the method of relative and absolute comparison, statistical analysis method, interview some key managers.
Contributions of the research In terms of theory: Clarify definitions and analytical framework related to bank credit activities, credit granting; credit risks, risk management In terms of practice: Through research on lending activities and credit risk management in Agribank, reflect the practices of such two contents. Accordingly, reasons for arising of credit risks are to be stated. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Upon the theory and practices of the research, recommend how to cope with stated issues, what are feasible solutions to achieve the best research efficiency, contributing to improve credit quality and risk management of Agribank. Limitation The thesis focuses on clarification of credit risks and credit risk management in Agribank and identification of key reasons for credit risks and corrective actions.
However, due to the limited time and capability, the thesis does not detail the analysis and comparisons of credit targets or credit risk management models of other fellow banks. The financial and economic situation changes hour by hour, and along with that are also the fast changes of credit policies and credit risk management policies. The thesis bases much on statistics of previous periods, so the assessment may not be updated. Structure of the thesis The thesis is presented into three chapters, not including the introduction part , the conclusion part and reference part Chapter 1.
Theoretical foundation Chapter 2. Analysis of Agribank’s credit risk management Chapter 3. Solutions and recommendations to improve credit risk management of Agribank are also suggested in this chapter 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 1.1 Commercial banks According to Credit Risk Management Book is published by Oxford University, a commercial bank is a financial intermediary which collects credit from lenders in the form of deposits and lends in the form of loans. Commercial bank: An organization trading in currency major in and frequently to receive deposit from the customers with the responsibility to refund and use that money to loan, carry out discount operation and make payment means.1 Main types of Risk in the bank operation A bank has many risks that must be managed carefully, especially since a bank uses a large amount of leverage.
Without effective management of its risks, it could very easily become insolvent. If a bank is perceived to be in a financially weak position, depositors will withdraw their funds, other banks won't lend to it nor will the bank be able to sell debt securities in the financial markets, which will exacerbate the bank's financial condition even more.