HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Transportation ac2 Department of Aerospace Engineering DOCUMENTS OF AERONAUTICAL EXPERIMENT 2 Includes: Investigation of the characteristics of centrifugal fans 2 > Survey of the propeller profile fF OP on Hydraulic system 2 Survey of the displacement of the bending load-bearing frame Investigation of aerodynamic moments on 2D and 3D wings Observation of the streamline over an object body Ho Chi Minh City, March 2020 Department of Aerospace Engineering General Regulations A. Responsibilities and missions of students Students will be informed about the details of the experiments on the first day of the course. Students create their own group/ create groups according to the class roster, each group consists of 4-5 students. Student’s responsibilities and missions are: 1.
Attend class on time; Prepare the experiment lesson in advance before class. Do not arbitrarily operate the experimental equipment without the permission/supervision of the instructor; The operation of the equipment must be by the technical order to avoid damage. Be aware of fire/ explosion, electric shock prevention, and safety issue,. Maintain order, and perform the experiments earnestly.
Prepare the experimental data sheets in advance; The data obtained from the experiment must be confirmed by the instructor before the end of the class. Some instructors require students to process data on-site. Re-arrange and clean up tables, and chairs, lock doors and turn off the power (lights, fans, equipment.) before leaving if being the last group Lễ Assign weekly clean-up. Reports The report must be complete after experimenting: 1.
Deadline for submission depends on the course instructor: It could be a few days later or the last week of the course. The report submission form can be a hard copy or a file via BK-Elearning. The hard copy is printed on both sides, in black and white (or color if necessary), with no need for a glass cover. Department of Aerospace Engineering 2 The soft copy/ file is compressed in .zip format and named after the template Class_Group_Subject_ExperimentNo_Date.rar For example GT11HK_Nhom2_THKTHK1_Bai3_20160415.rar The compressed file will consist of a report (Word, PDF) and other graphic and calculation files (AutoCAD, Excel, Matlab.
Report requirement Clean, clear, sophisticated presentation, complying with typing standards for punctuation, spelling, alignment, font The report must meet the requirements of the experiment, and fully present the main parts such as Experiment objectives, related theory, experiment equipment and operation, data processing procedures, results, and comments. Data processing procedures and results (usually in the form of graphs) need to be clearly presented to demonstrate the ability of students to understand, interpret and comprehend. Pictures, graphs, and calculation tables must be numbered and named. Graphs must come with graph names, axis names and units, and annotations of the lines (by symbols, lines, notes).
Formulas are right-margin numbered. Constant such as gravity acceleration and density must be specified during the data processing procedure. Experimental data (if possible) should be compared, contrasted, and evaluated for errors with results from the theory from different sources (demonstrated on the same graph. Odd numbers should be properly rounded.
References must be clearly noted, even in graphs. Department of Aerospace Engineering 3 - Comments should be specific and linked to the knowledge obtained, students can make improvements if necessary. - Students are allowed to take pictures during the experiment to insert into the group's report. Note: Group with any sign of copy/ plagiarism will receive a score of O for the entire course.
Department of Aerospace Engineering 4 Table Of Contents General ïegula†iOnS.-- nh nh ng KT TT TT tk vn 2 IEl9:90929a. 9 Investigation Of The Characteristics Of Centrifugal Fans 2 .àààcechseee 9 h0 so nh .--- HH nn HH HH kh kệ 12 1. Experimental system se† UD.cL Tnhh hheha 14 1. LH HH kệ 17 Lesson 3: Determine the system characteristic cuUrve.
Experiment DFOC@SS.LLL HT H* HH Tnhh gry 19 8:09:02. nee eerie erties eeaeeniae 21 Survey Of The Propeller Profile. c1 ST TH TH khe 21 2. LHTH KT KHE 21 2.
A Brief Introduction of the propeller profile measuring platform. Geometric characteristics of the propelÌ©r. LH KHE KT kh 25 2. Froude”s momentum theory oŸpropulsIom.
__ Blade elemeni †@OrVy.-- HH TH KHE 30 Department of Aerospace Engineering 5 2. Questions to answer for this †@S†. cL LH nen 36 8:9: mm na. rrr n SH Tnhh KHE 37 Lesson 4: Double-acting cylinid@r .--- -- ch TH nh khien 37 “a9 nha ad.
ene erties aes nneeeniieeeeneeeennaaes 37 3. The experimental preparatÏOn.---- HT HH khe 37 The Results of The Hydraulic Experimerif 4. HH Huệ 38 Hydraulic Experimernt. rrr n SH Tnhh KHE 41 Lesson 5: Flow contrOl VAÏV©.-c ret rr ieee ee kg kh tệp 1 “a9 nha ad.
ene erties aes nneeeniieeeeneeeennaaes 41 3. The experimental preparatÏOn.---- HT HH khe 41 3. _ The experiment uses the following equipmer:.-- er aeeee eee teeeeeeeenaaaeeeeenenaaaes 41 The Results of The Hydraulic Experimer 5. nhe 42 Chapter TH nn.
44 Survey of the displacement of the bending-load frame displacement — Determine the Optimal StruCture 8n nh.LLL Tnhh KHE 44 4. ete Tnhh HEkg 45 4.-- LLLnn SH TH nghe 45 4. Experimental process and results presentation. sành hie 45 8:9: 0n ồ 4ad.‹‹đ44ạaáananặ 47 Department of Aerospace Engineering 6 Investigation of aerodynamic moments on 2D and 3D wings.
_ The 2D wing th@€Ory. nh TH k kiệt 47 5. Diagram of lift force concerning angle of incidenece. Results of the 2D wing th@Ory.
— The 3D wing theory [T]. SH nn nghe 49 5. nen nh kh kệ 50 5.---- HH HH kHrkk 51 5. FM101 Three-Componert Balance Description.
The working principle of the aerodynamic balance. How to calibrate and build the characteristic curve of an aerodynamic balance 56 5. Experimental DFOC@SS. LH HT kg 58 5.
Data processing and reporting of experimental resulfs.ồỏồỏồôồỏóé nn En ee ene eeeneeee ties eeiaeeniaas 60 Smoke tunnel Experimeni. LH kh KH KH kh 60 6. Experimenral purposes and requiremenis. che 60 Department of Aerospace Engineering 7 6.---- HH KT KHE kHrkế 6.-- SH Hhkrrế Department of Aerospace Engineering 8 Chapter 1: Investigation Of The Characteristics Of Centrifugal Fans 2 This chapter consists of 4 small lessons: - Lesson 1: The survey of the centrifugal fan characteristic curve - Lesson 2: The survey of the centrifugal fan dynamical similarity - Lesson 3: Determine the system characteristic curve - Lesson 4: Change the impeller In this course, students are given Lessons 1 and 2.
The remaining two lessons will be done in the Aeronautical Experiment 1 course. Lessons 1 and 2 were covered in the first aeronautic experiment course. In this course, students will be able to perform the two remaining experiments: Lesson 3 and Lesson 4. Hydraulic machine A hydraulic machine is a device that works by exchanging energy with the fluid flowing through the machine, for example, pumps, turbines, fans, and compressors.
In this lesson we focus on a fan — a hydraulic machine with fluid interaction is air. Hydraulic machines can be classified in many different ways: e According to how they exchange energy with the fluid v¥ Receive the energy of the fluid, and convert it into mechanical energy (water turbine, wind turbine .) ¥ Supply power for fluids (pumps, fans, compressors, etc.) e According to the principle of interaction with fluids in the energy-exchange process ¥ The turbomachinery/ van machine uses the rotation of an impeller (including the blades) to exchange kinetic and potential energy with the Department of Aerospace Engineering 9 fluid. The fluid velocity, outlet, and inlet pressure are characteristic parameters for determining the operating state. Divided into 2 subclasses: centrifuges and axial machines.
¥ The volumetric machine exchanges energy with the fluid on the principle of compressing the liquid in a closed volume under the effect of hydrostatic pressure, with the form of energy exchange being pressure. The volumetric machine is capable of working with high pressure but with a small flow. Machine speed is a parameter that determines machine operation. Depending on the purpose (head height, flow rate), the appropriate type of hydraulic machine is chosen.
Figure 1-1 shows the distribution of head by the flow rate of 3 popular types of hydraulic machines (volumetric machine, centrifugal vane machine, axial guide vane machine) used in water pumps. nm fH 10001 L Pe 100 ! “ Reciptocabng Z ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 10 “ Capacity — head curve Figure 1- 1. Head distribution to flow rate in some van machines For centrifugal vane machines (Figure 1-2), the fluid enters the center of the rotors with rotating blades and pushes the centrifuge outside which then is collected by a collection chamber, and led to the exit. At high rotational speed, the fluid receives large kinetic energy.
The pressure difference between the outlet and inlet is produced by the conversion of the kinetic energy into pressure. Centrifugal vane machines are used in many different fields. However, there are some limitations in terms of low static pressure, noise, etc. Department of Aerospace Engineering 10 Figure 1- 2.
Centrifugal vane machine model The characteristic quantities of centrifugal vane machines include: Volume flow rate measured by barrier ring: _ C2 G 2p P 4p The velocity of fluid: v. A Total pressure: With: (in SI Units) d : flow barrier diameter P. : the pressure difference when passing through the flow barrier p : the density of air C, : flow rate coefficient A : cross-sectional area P,P, : impeller front and rear pressure Department of Aerospace Engineering 11 VV, 1 : fan inlet and outlet velocities 1. Experimental equipment The experimental set includes a centrifugal fan model as shown in Figure 1-3, an IDF7 data processor, and 2 impellers with different blades which are set in various directions.
The device is connected to the computer via the USB port. Centrifugal fan model FM40 FM40 operates with one of two available impellers (backward-curved blades and forward-curved blades) with rotational speed controlled by an interactive program. The impeller is placed in the manifold and connected to two ducts (one is a suction pipe, and one is a discharge pipe) placed at right angles to each other. On these two pipes are sensors and other devices as follows (Figure 1-4): se Suction pipe: sensor measures inlet pressure and pressure before the fan, temperature sensor, honeycomb grid stabilizes the flow before it enters the fan.
e Discharge pipe: sensor measures the fan outlet pressure, and a flow control device. There is also a torque sensor on the motor shaft. Department of Aerospace Engineering 12 Figure 1- 4. Sensors and their function on the suction and discharge pipe Note: A The flow control device does not keep a steady flow in case of being nearly closed and small flow but will be more stable as the opening gradually increases.
FM40's two impellers are numbered: (1) backward-curved blades and (2) forward- curved blades as shown in Figure 1-5. FM40's two impellers Note: A Impeller number 2 is out of the shaft, and the vibration is greatest when the motor speed is 25%. Do not operate the device at this speed! Department of Aerospace Engineering 13 1. Experimental system set up Connect the wires of the experimental system as shown in Figure 1-6.
Then, turn on the TOTAL and MAINS switches, the “Power” light is on when the power is on and the “Active” light is on when the experiment device is connected to the computer. Note: ! - The TOTAL and MAINS switch must be in the OFF position during the installation. - Avoid multiple dismantle and assemble. Connect the experiment device's wire Department of Aerospace Engineering 14 1.
Installation The FM40's interactive software connects to a computer via a USB port. There are two versions of the program: e FM40-306 (/FM40-306/Setup.exe): this is the old version of the program, needs to be installed before use, and only accepts COM ports with values less than 9. e FM40-308 (/FM40 new Software/FM40/Program/Cs308.