MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Melaleuca cajuputi POPULATIONS AT DONG THAP MUOI CENTER FOR RESEARCH CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON ISSR MARKERS AND LEAF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : NGUYEN THI HUONG THAO VI Student code 219126263 Academic year : 2019 - 2023 Thu Duc City, 04/2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Melaleuca cajuputi POPULATIONS AT DONG THAP MUOI CENTER FOR RESEARCH CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON ISSR MARKERS AND LEAF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Advisor Student PHAM DUC TOAN. PhD NGUYEN THI HUONG THAO VI Thu Duc City, 04/2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep appreciation to the leadership of the Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Faculty of Biological Sciences for providing me with the most favorable conditions to conduct this research. I extend my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Pham Duc Toan, my thesis advisor, for his unwavering support, mentorship, and guidance throughout my academic journey.
For my research, I want to express my appreciation to Pharmacist Bui Dac Thang at Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants for assisting me in the sample collection process. This research would not have been possible without the help of all those who accompanied me during this challenging time. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of Room 205 at the Research Institute of Biotechnology and Environment for their assistance in achieving my goals. And finally, I want to honor my family for providing me with the strength to overcome challenges.
CONEIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Nguyen Thi Huong Thao Vi, Class: DH19SHC, Student ID: 19126263, major in Biotechnology, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City. This graduation thesis is the outcome of my research, and I affirm that the results presented are entirely truthful and unbiased. I will take all responsibilities before the Council for these commitments. Thu Due City, 04/2024 Student’s signature il ABSTRACT This study evaluated the similarities and differences between ten Melaleuca cajuputi populations selected from the Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants based on leaf morphological characteristics and ISSR markers.
The leaf phenotyping and genotyping results showed that ten Melaleuca cajuputi populations were grouped into four major clusters. A total of 12 ISSR markers showed 122 bands, of which 112 were polymorphic bands, reaching a rate of 91. The PIC index ranged from 0.48 and showed a high polymorphism level in the studied populations. The dendrogram generated from the UPGMA clustering method illustrated genetic differences among the ten M.
cajuputi populations and displayed genetic distance coefficients ranging from 0.62 and an average of 0. In summary, this study demonstrated significant genetic differences between ten Melaleuca cajuputi populations, which could be difficult to distinguish morphologically. The findings contribute significantly to the conservation and development of the genetic resources of Melaleuca cajuputi for medicinal purposes at the Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants. Keyword: Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants, ISSR, Melaleuca cajuputi, Genetic diversity, Population.
1H TÓM TẮT Trong nghiên cứu này, các đặc điểm hình thái lá được dùng đề đánh giá sự giống nhau và khác nhau giữa mười quân thể Tràm Gió thu thập tại Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Bao tồn và Phát triển cây được liệu Đồng Tháp Mười. Qua kết quả đánh giá, 21 dấu chỉ thị phân tử ISSR bat kỳ, có 12 dấu chỉ thị phân tử ISSR cho kết quả, nên 12 dấu chỉ thị này được dùng để đánh giá mối tương quan di truyền của 10 quần thể Tràm Gió. Dựa vào đặc điểm hình thái lá và kiểu gen có thé chia các quan thé Tràm Gió thành 4 nhóm chính. Kết quả đánh giá bằng 12 dấu chỉ thị phân tử ISSR đã khuếch đại tổng số 122 băng, trong đó có 112 băng đa hình đạt tỉ lệ 91,26%.
Chỉ số PIC dao động từ 0,38 - 0,48 và cho thấy mức độ đa hình cao của các quan thé trong nghiên cứu này. Kết qua phân tích phân nhóm dựa vào phương pháp UPGMA đã chứng minh các quần thể Tràm Gió có sự đa dang về kiểu gen và có hệ số tương đồng dao động từ 0,06 - 0,62 và trung bình là 0,27. Tóm lại, nghiên cứu này chỉ ra rằng có sự biến đổi về mặt di truyền giữa các quan thé, mà hình thái học khó có thé phân biệt được, góp phan quan trọng vào việc bao tồn và phát triển nguồn gen cây Tram Gió cho mục đích làm dược liệu tại Trung tâm Bảo tồn và Phát triển cây dược liệu Đồng Tháp Mười. Từ khóa: Da dang di truyền, Tràm Gió, Trung tâm Bảo tồn và Phát triển cây được liệu Đồng Tháp Mười, ISSR, quan thể.
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ssssnssinssnsnuosoniiEoDLSL81030333808831010883101535138033N133LS.08 1 CONFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT .ccccccesceceeseeseeseeseeeceeeeeceeesecseeseeseeseeneens il ABSTRAGT sáccizxáxcszxcssss15g660116156 0011438818368055035343EĐSEES3SiESI83880485355/083685005895880835ã0UĐS0S5.E58 11 TRE css ghnghhhggH3,g2Xu.S180G3008105:0/0300301:1Ó30ã003808::758003030i062Gã8028018010:78880:50588006-000 iv TABLEIOE COUN BI NNLlIỒI,veassuaikesisaoseiodssauuliigigSiSgigg53641900988800030004508910188g5ngiugzdizV0014010003.gxẴ V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS áenebecsosresvatiEDu80561595506015SL58S0SG301856568403595E3LSSSGEESLSSSSSĐSuM vil LIST OF TABLESG.---ocserocreerensensansnssnstanennenssnegesensnssenssacenseatenenerensanesentatseeennnens Vili loi: OER IGUIR BJĐssxsusis6iifodees5uconSloB0iooogdioioSggggifujS880180 ener amr th ae UDRP URLS 1X CHAPTER 1. 1 1;2-ObJ©6LWES: Of te T€SGHG sọ nu BnHá n0 tà HA IESSGEQSESSCASENHEESIBIHGEOIREIGSIHGEHEIUGGEESDNHHSI.SES2S3818 2 V3 ,EIESEäTGHITEGGIIGTIEssienspaiestionintidtoiidhistotgggtoGigGISESGE.GHSAIISSBRRISNSS0S804B-HISGENSH2REIUSSg5E 4208800001 3 2. Taxonomy and Distribution of Melaleuca €@j1Đ1ÍÌ. Origin and descriptions of Melaleuca Cajiput .- 2-55-5552 <++s£+s++t+s+seeeseeseerses 5 2 Bin WISES OF MCLG CUCH CAFU PUTT tưng wseceesexwsse cones nas tis 5 STE LEASES ES UES PAE SEE 5 Bus PMelWwOOd atid Paper ciácsi6166 006152186 L8 X6 cae a Ses esas asa een.
cee areas eee 5 23, 2 SSCA Oil GIS tH AO wis csssiviiesausnacie cheaesosin enn tanowindnhslenn sai oubesiliaup Sais aiane da Ua 5 2. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial of Melaleuca cajuputi. Conservation and, Development of Melaleuca cajuputi at Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and, Development of Medicinal pÏants. The biodiversity situation in VI€tTaT.
The genelie IVETSILY. Genetic markers and, their applications for genetic diversity analysis in plants. LŨ 2:8, li Morpholo steal titat Mere csaysoe bi dong gi phöôgitgaSgsggiSDgiASbBSiSESISEgISÙSGBSQHHÄS:0g. 11 D823belo el ear aaa PINES secrets leer tte tA A CR 12 2.
non-PCR-based, molecular markers (hybridization-based, marker). PCR-Based, molecular markers, Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). MATERIALS AND METHODS.-- -----5-cc2ccsxsrrsrrrrrrrrrrree 18 3;1„ Research time aiid loCatl Oi wsccceceescusesencaserenssemunnauamneameenem enema 18 3. Plait matetial anid.
SaiiplinS SHALE BY. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Melaleuca cajuputi populations based on morphological characteristics of the ÏeaV€s. Using ISSR molecular markers to evaluate of genetic diversity of Melaleuca (ELON VEY UE TT ag 018)OLENA 8 10) | (Sane ee mere Renee ere ree eee ee ee ee 20 ScAnL DINA CACO caves sesnnssssvessssusnnnsnvees 0836546 0515EE100ĐGSSSSĐS84391604159/34883514558383040000058 20 3. The quality checking of DNA by electrophoresis technique.
Screening and optimization of ISSR pTIITS. PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. Band, scorns and. data analy SiS vcceccesceeasemsernenmnmanesrenmanresneemnmanerenmmemeaes 23 CHAPTER 4.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION.ee 26 A Js RESUS) x. sasnsisasccans nie đồ 1E 3088011003800068ã 806 sae wt casas een Cn wena SESE Sea CLARNATA ARAN 26 4.charaGLETISEÍGS:::s‹sxssxsssssss5s5556152351551114565 014 155505 L3386 99958530 05450 26 4. Total DNA extraction from M. Results of ISSR-PCR reactIoT.- --- 5 cà 1 1S HH n1 HH He 28 4.
Screening and, optimization of ISSR prIm€fs. Product of PCR-ISSR reaCf1OT. -- --- 5 5 2+ ng ng nhờ28 4. Genetic distance between pairs of M.
DISCUSSION vas as em aaa re OR 31 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 0H, HH Họ HH TH TH ch 0á 0 34 522, SUS BOSTONG aces carseat thameee Loinh GioGữAuösÊx lG33:-SB/SSIBBLSXSEQhuiptNdgu2 tà dREiL0E84. 35 ye0 EDN) DD. ea ee ee ee ee eee ee 40 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFLP : Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism : Base pair Cl : Chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid E : East EDTA : Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid EMR : Effective multiplex ratio IPGRI : International plant Genetic Resources Institute ISSR : Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ITS : Internal transcribed spacer M.
cajuputi : Melaleuca cajuputi MI : Marker Index N : North NTSYS pe : Numerical Taxonomy System personal computer P : Percentage polymorphism PCI : Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol PCR : Polymerase chain reaction PIC : Polymorphic information content RAPD : Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Rp : Resolving power SSR : Simple Sequence Repeats TAE : Tris-Acetate-EDTA TE : Tris - EDTA UPGMA : Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Vil LIST OE TABLES Page Table 3. List of ten ẤM. cajuputi populations collected at the Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants.(continue) List of ten MZ cajuputi populations collected at the Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants. PCR primers used in this SCT€€TITIE.
Reagents for the simplex PCR reaction mixture with each primet. Leaf shape grouping of 50 M. The 12 ISSR primers selected to continue performing the ISSR-PCR. Details of the ISSR primer used in the present study.
The genetic distance coefficient of ten M. 30 Vill LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2. cajuputi at Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development:of Medicinal Plants svs.c<vesecspsssannananuenniiovevneninsacierm venues 3 Figure 2. cajuputi distribution 1n the WOorld.-- 5 5-55 2<*>+s+ss+esxs 4 Figure 2.
A hypothetical scheme of the concept of an ISSR marker defined by the intervening DNA sequence between the SSR, CTCTC FC TC T. Images to evaluate the morphological characteristics of some M. cajuputi SAIN DISS cus pcceiemarmmmteeevamaaettalweare dre RRR Tm ne eee ae ee ae mo 26 Figure 4. The total electrophoresis DNA of ten M.
The electrophoresis results screening of 21 ISSR primer PCR with a fandomly DNA Sample TM COfUPULL. on scs nc: oncsasesnessinsatastavnnssieavean assndbiuncnssaanasiimn ddessendisess 28 Figure 4. Product electrophoresis of ten M. cajuputi populations with UBC854 HALT 1 ergs emer to sic osteo al neti in sre oR 29 Figure 4.
Dendrogram generated from UPGMA clustering method of ten M. cajuputi populations based on ISSR anaÌys1S.-- -- 5225 * S2 £sssseereeesrrrreerrrrrrrsrrrxresrrxee OL 1x CHAPTER 1. Introduction Dong Thap Muoi Center for Research Conservation and Development of Medicinal Plants is conservation zone of over 1.000 hectares of pristine Melaleuca Forest, where makes up the soul of this ecosystem is the Me/aleuca cajuputi-a medicine marvel known for its health benefits member of the Myrtaceae family, Melaleuca cajuputi has multifaceted uses, from fuelwood and paper (Trung, 2008) production to essential oil distillation (Silva et al., 2007), available antimicrobial and antioxidant (Al- Abd z al. This versatile plant extends its applications to cosmetics and as a spice in food (Septiana et a/.
However, due to over-exploitation for essential oil, which has endangered the survival of this species, Melaleuca cajuputi was on the list of species with high conservation risk. There were many studies on the application of molecular markers in the assessment of genotypic diversity of Myrtaceae plants, such as using SSR markers to evaluate 114 genotypes of Melaleuca alternifolia (Voelker and Shepherd, 2020) or study the genetic diversity of Melaleuca spp. by ITS indicator and RAPD analysis in Thua Thien Hue province (Tran Thi Ngoc Tram ef a/., 2021) and many other studies. The molecular approach to plant genotyping is more effective than traditional morphological markers because it allows direct access to the plant genome, which is not influenced by the environment and can be detected 1n all stages of development.
There have not been many studies on morphological and genetic characteristics among Melaleuca cajuputi populations. The Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers are well-established in population genetics and have proven efficacy in capturing genetic diversity in tree and shrub populations and studies of cultivars (Wang ef al. The ISSR is that no sequence data are required for primer synthesis. Because the analytical procedures include PCR, only low quantities of template DNA are required.