ESSENTIALS of Supply Chain Management Third Edition JWBT511-FM.indd i 6/3/11 7:44 PM Essentials Series The Essentials Series was created for busy business advisory and corpo- rate professionals. The books in this series were designed so that these busy professionals can quickly acquire knowledge and skills in core busi- ness areas. Each book provides need-to-have fundamentals for those profes- sionals who must: • Get up to speed quickly, because they have been promoted to a new position or have broadened their responsibility scope • Manage a new functional area • Brush up on new developments in their area of responsibility • Add more value to their company or clients Books in this series include: Essentials of Business Ethics by Denis Collins Essentials of Corporate and Capital Formation by David H. Fater Essentials of Corporate Fraud by Tracy L.
Coenen Essentials of Corporate Governance by Sanjay Anand Essentials of Enterprise Compliance by Susan D. Conway and Mara E. Conway Essentials of Financial Risk Management by Karen A. Horcher Essentials of Foreign Exchange Trading by James Chen Essentials of Intellectual Property, Second Edition by Alexander I.
Poltorak and Paul J. Lerner Essentials of Managing Treasury by Karen A. Horcher Essentials of Online Payment Security and Fraud Prevention by David Montague Essentials of Risk Management in Finance by Anthony Tarantino with Deborah Cernauskas Essentials of Sarbanes-Oxley by Sanjay Anand Essentials of Supply Chain Management 3rd Edition by Michael Hugos Essentials of Technical Analysis for Financial Markets by James Chen Essentials of Venture Capital by Alexander Haislip Essentials of Working Capital Management by James Sagner For more information on any of the above titles, visit www.indd ii 6/3/11 7:44 PM ESSENTIALS of Supply Chain Management Third Edition Michael Hugos John Wiley & Sons, Inc.indd iii 6/3/11 7:44 PM Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the Web at www. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.
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For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Hugos, Michael H. Essentials of supply chain management / Michael Hugos.7--dc22 2011008883 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 JWBT511-FM.indd iv 6/3/11 7:44 PM To my wife, Venetia JWBT511-FM.indd v 6/3/11 7:44 PM Contents Book Manifesto ix Preface xiii Chapter 1 Key Concepts of Supply Chain Management 1 Chapter 2 Supply Chain Operations: Planning and Sourcing 39 Chapter 3 Supply Chain Operations: Making and Delivering 75 Chapter 4 Using Information Technology 109 Chapter 5 Metrics for Measuring Supply Chain Performance 147 Chapter 6 Supply Chain Coordination 183 Chapter 7 Supply Chain Innovation for the Real-Time Economy 213 Chapter 8 Defining Supply Chain Opportunities 241 Chapter 9 Creating Supply Chains for Competitive Advantage 273 Chapter 10 The Promise of the Real-Time Supply Chain 307 About the Author 323 Index 325 vii JWBT511-FM.indd vii 6/3/11 7:44 PM Book Manifesto This book is dedicated to the idea that there is a set of highly effec- tive concepts and practices that supply chain professionals can use to significantly increase the competitiveness and profitability of their com- panies. Even though supply chains and the technology they employ are changing rapidly, these concepts and practices remain highly relevant over time—they are the essentials of supply chain management.
From decades of personal experience in the field and from many conversations and reading the works of other supply chain professionals and researchers, I have distilled out these supply chain essentials. I know you are busy and your time is valuable so I make every attempt to get to the point quickly and explain things clearly and concisely. This book provides a framework to understand the structure and operation of any supply chain. It also provides guidance in how to make effective use of the flood of new supply chain technologies, and how to operate the constantly changing real-time supply chains that support our global economy.
Supply Chains as Massively Multi-Player Online Role Playing Games One of the most promising new technologies for designing and coor- dinating the operation of supply chains comes from the world of online gaming. I’m referring to a type of game called a “massively multi-player ix JWBT511-FM.indd ix 6/3/11 7:44 PM Book Manifesto online role playing game” (MMORPG). In these online games, players from all over the globe log into virtual worlds via the Internet; they learn different roles and skill sets, and come together in self-selecting teams to carry out missions in pursuit of common goals. Question: How is this any different than the challenges that await us in the global real-time economy we now inhabit? If you’re part of the generation just starting out in business, answers to this question probably seem pretty obvious.
If you’re part of a gener- ation that’s already been in business for a while, answers might not seem so obvious (at first). Unfortunately, the word “game” is associated with activities that seem frivolous or unimportant. That is not what I mean here; please hold your judgement while I explain. Popular MMORPGs such as EVE-Online and World of Warcraft bring together hundreds of thousands of simultaneous online players from countries around the globe to interact in complex, realistic three dimensional worlds.
What if we did the same to design, monitor and operate the global supply chains that support our real-time economy? As a companion to this book I have collaborated with a group of people to create a massively multi-player online role playing game to use for gaining a better understanding of the dynamics that underlie supply chains and their operations. This game allows people from all over the world to collaborate in the design and operation of supply chains. In effect, the game creates one big “sandbox” where people can experiment with the effects of different supply chain designs. It can be used to model real or imaginary supply chains and simulate their operations.
It will show the performance characteristics and operating costs of these supply chains un- der different circumstances. The purpose of this game is to engage people in an interactive experience that accelerates their learning and increases their mastery of the skills involved in supply chain management.indd x 6/3/11 7:44 PM Book Manifesto The ideas behind this game and its operation are explored in more detail in Chapter 7—Supply Chain Innovation for the Real-Time Economy. The game is titled “SCM Globe” and it can be accessed through my web site at www. A Real-Time Supply Chain Simulation System SCM Globe is a simulation game that provides a map of the world and on that map, people working together in supply chains can draw in their factories, warehouses, retail stores, and the transportation routes such as roads, railways, and harbors that connect those locations.
Then people can define the production volumes of the factories, storage capacity of the warehouses, and movement capacity of the different modes of trans- portation. And finally, they can associate operating costs with each facil- ity and each mode of transportation. This supply chain game has some pretty challenging dynamics. Play- ers need to figure out how to deliver products where and when they are needed to meet demand while at the same time minimizing inventory levels and holding down transportation and manufacturing costs.
If you succeed in keeping down inventory levels and costs but fail to meet product demand, you lose. And if you always deliver the products but fail to keep the other factors under control, then your costs get out of hand and you don’t make any money. If supply chain professionals and researchers can literally draw supply chain designs on an electronic map display and simulate the operations of those supply chains over some time period, they will quickly learn what designs produce the best results. And in the process, they will be- come immersed and involved in exploring supply chain dynamics.
How long would it be before the people playing such a game developed high xi JWBT511-FM.indd xi 6/3/11 7:44 PM Book Manifesto levels of skill in designing and operating high performance supply chains that responded effectively to changing market conditions? I invite you to try this game and see for yourself. This game is an evolving work in progress and I invite your feedback.Your feedback on what you like and what additional features you would like to see will guide the enhance- ment of this system. To explore this real-time supply chain simulation system (or supply chain MMO depending on how you look at it) please visit my website, www.com, and click on the link to “SCM Global.” MICHAEL HUGOS Chicago, IL USA www.com Email: mhugos@yahoo.com xii JWBT511-FM.indd xii 6/3/11 7:44 PM Preface In this book my intention is to provide a clear framework for under- standing the essential concepts of supply chain management. Then build on that understanding and show how to develop and deploy supply chains to achieve success in the fast-paced, global economy we all live in.
Chapters 1, 2, and 3 provide an introduction to the basic principles and business activities that drive supply chain operations. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss techniques, technologies, and metrics for use in managing a company’s internal supply chain operations and coordinating them with those of its supply chain partners. Chapter 7 is an exploration of the ways that new technologies and new operating procedures can be used to significantly impact and improve the way supply chains are monitored and managed. Specific examples for this kind of innovation are provided.
Chapters 8 and 9 provide a pragmatic approach based on personal experience for defining supply chain opportunities and designing and building systems to effectively respond to those opportunities. I present two business case studies and show how a company in those situations could develop supply chain capabilities to best support its strategic goals. I am glad to answer your questions and discuss the merits of other ideas in addition to the ones I have presented. I can be contacted at my website, www.
The last chapter, Chapter 10, outlines the opportunities available to companies and alliances of companies that learn to work together to harness the power and potential of real-time supply chains. Real-time xiii JWBT511-FM.