Luận văn thạc sĩ về các yếu tố kinh tế vĩ mô và thể chế trong khủng hoảng ngân hàng

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích ueh macroeconomic financial and institutional determinants of banking crisis the money market, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2014

81
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research objective

1.3. Research question

1.4. Structure of the thesis

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Defining banking crisis

2.2. Trends of banking crises research together with crises mechanism

3. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY, MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA

3.1. Use of lagged terms

3.2. Estimation strategies and relevant model diagnostics

3.3. Calculation of MMP for banking crisis assessment

3.4. Model estimation steps and diagnostics

3.5. Data scope and sources

4. CHAPTER 4: RESUTLS AND FINDINGS

4.1. Descriptive statistics of explanatory indicators

4.2. Statistical tests for model

4.3. Model specification test

4.4. Goodness of fit test. Test for multicollinearity

5. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, POLICY RECOMMENDATION AND LIMITATION

5.1. Limitation of the research

5.2. Summary of literature reviewed

5.3. Mechanisms of banking crisis

5.4. Data for MMP index calculation

5.5. Data and sources of explanatory variables

5.6. Banking crisis dates retrieved from MMP index

5.7. Summary statistics of variables used in the regression

5.8. The correlation on the sample observations

5.9. Linktest for specification error of logit model

5.10. Goodness of fit test of model

5.11. Full model multicollinearity test result

5.12. Dropping significantly high correlated variables GE, RL

5.13. Dropping high correlated variables GE, RL and CC

5.14. Using interactive term of GE and RL

5.15. Restricted model without GE, RL, CC

5.16. Fixed effect model with lags

5.17. Random effect model with lags

5.18. Simple logit model with lags

5.19. Comparison of lagged terms of indicators in simple logit, FEM and REM

ABBREVIATION

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MACROECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF BANKING CRISIS: THE MONEY MARKET PRESSURE INDEX APPROACH A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By CHAU THE VINH Academic Supervisor: Assoc. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI HO CHI MINH CITY, December2014 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CERTIFICATION “I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and has not been currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge and help received in preparing this thesis and all used sources have acknowledged in this dissertation”. CHAU THE VINH Date: 31st December 2014 i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Upon completing this thesis, I have received a great deal of encouragement and support from many people. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude towards Assoc. Nguyen Trong Hoai, my esteemed academic supervisor, for his patient guidance, encouragement and valuable critiques for my research work. Also, I would like to thank Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for his guidance and advice in econometric techniques, Dr. Pham Khanh Nam for his encouragement and valuable advice in the starting phase of my thesis research design. My gratefulness is also extended to all of my lecturers and staffs of the Vietnam- Netherlands Program for their assistance during my first days in this programme. Besides, I would love to thank my parents and my families for their ceaseless encouragement and support during my study period. Moreover, my special thanks to my C. Nguyen Huu Tram, who understands and gives me approval for my long personal leave to finalize my thesis on time. Without them, I would not have opportunities and incentives to have my thesis finished. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and other people who have had any help and support for my thesis but are not above-mentioned. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT The thesis estimates a logit regression model by fixed effect with a combination of some macroeconomic and financial indicators from the work of Hagen and Ho (2007) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the updated database of Kaufmann (2013) as explanatory variables for binary dependent variable banking crises generated from the approach of money market pressure index (Hagen and Ho, 2007). The monthly panel dataset, which is available in full range and easy of approach from International Financial Statistics CD-ROM (2011), of 18 countries from Latin America and Asian over the scope of 2001 – 2010is applied. Some specific lag lengths of indicators are also applied according to the suggestion of “flexibility in forecast horizon” of Drehmann et al. The crisis phenomenon of banking system seems to be well-described in light of the present of depreciation, former year crisis, high real interest rate in prior of 36 months, growth of credit to GDP in prior 12 months. Moreover, impact of inflation seems to support the school of thought that it is negative effect to crisis. Simultaneously, growth rate of bank deposits to GDP is likely useful to prevent banking systems from profitability risks exposure that leads to banking crisis probability. However, unfortunately, the indicators of growth of monetary base and growth of M2 to reserves give incorrect expected sign and negligible effect on banking crisis. Furthermore, the included institutional variables from WGI give insignificant statistic meaning. Hence, another set of institutional indicators such as that from International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) should be considered in future analysis to test for the relationship between Government health and banking crisis probability. Despite, on one hand, there should be a more adequate research to be examined in the future, this thesis attempts to contribute so-called new updates information on the would-be banking crisis determinants. Nevertheless, on the other hand, there is likely no proper explanation on the tranquil periods of banking system. Hence, it is iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com suggested that thereshould be some assessment ofsuch time of banking system, which over a long time has beenneglected (Kauko, 2014). Key words: banking crisis, tranquiltime, determinants, institutional indicators, fixed effect logitregression. iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . Structure of the thesis . 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . Defining banking crisis . Trends of banking crises researchtogether with crises mechanism . The first trend . The second trend . The third trend . Money Market Pressure (MMP) Index (Hagen and Ho, 2007) . 21 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY, MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA . Use of lagged terms . Estimation strategies and relevant model diagnostics . Calculation of MMP for banking crisis assessment . Model estimation steps and diagnostics . Data scope and sources . 47 CHAPTER 4: RESUTLS AND FINDINGS . Descriptive statistics of explanatory indicators . Statistical tests for model . Model specification test . Goodness of fit test. Test for multicollinearity. 51 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. 57 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, POLICY RECOMMENDATION AND LIMITATION . Limitation of the research .1 Summary of literature reviewed .1 Mechanisms of banking crisis.1 Data for MMP index calculation .2 Data and sources of explanatory variables .1 Banking crisis dates retrieved from MMP index .2 Summary statistics of variables used in the regression .3a The correlation on the sample observations .3b The correlation on the sample observations .4Linktest for specification error of logit model .5 Goodness of fit test of model .6 Full model multicollinearity test result .7 Dropping significantly high correlated variables GE, RL: .8 Dropping high correlated variables GE, RL and CC .9 Using interactive term of GE and RL .11 Restricted model without GE, RL, CC.12 Fixed effect model with lags .13 Random effect model with lags.14 Simple logit model with lags .15Comparison of lagged terms of indicators in simple logit, FEM and REM . 73 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATION MMP: Money Market Pressure WGI: World Governance Indicator WB: World Bank IMF: International Monetary Fund IFS: International Financial Statistics ICRG: International Country Risks Guide FEM: Fixed Effect Model REM: Random Effect Model BC: Banking Crisis vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Problem statement Banking crisis in nowadays economies is not a new issue or even an old one that has been given awareness to, discussed and researched from many angles and perspectives by applying many approaches from simple to complicate. There have been three trends of banking system crisis researches from its first trend of qualitative description by Friedman and Schwartz (1963) about US crisis over its past decades to the second trend in which econometric analysis with panel data were employed according to relatively enough banking crises observations and to the third trend since the 2007 “global financial turmoil”. The trends of banking crisis research contribute most of important indicators related to macroeconomics and banking sectors such as reserves, current account, real exchange rate (Kaminsky et al, 1998). Despite the fact that the logistic regression approach focused more on quantitative economics model, it has seemed to be an important tool for anticipating the crisis signals and timing as well as significant indicators. However, there was also some noise that could affect the effectiveness of this model. Hence, it led to the rise of further studies in terms of developing new method and other new critical variables. As suggested, there have been many criteria to help researchers with banking crisis identification. Amongst, money market pressure index from the work of Hagen and Ho (2007), who expanded the literature of Eichengreen, Rose, and Wyplosz (1995, 1996a, 1996b) for currency crisis, stands out to be convenient for understanding and data collecting but still provide good judgment value for banking crisis symptom. Such index observed the periods that banking systems experience its liquidity problem by considering simultaneously the phenomenon of both high central bank reserves demand and fluctuations of short-term real interest rate. Originally, the index provides the criterion to indicate whether there is a crisis or not under the scope analyzed. Banks relevant data, to some extent, seems to be difficult to obtain precisely due to i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com their sensitiveness. Given those difficulties, the research will make use of macroeconomic indicators as suggested in a survey that emphasized “the analysis of macroeconomic variables is of some help for banking supervisors in order to fully assess banks’ health” (Quagliariello, 2008). In accordance with both suggestion from Quagliariello (2008) and Hagen and Ho (2007), some available macroeconomic and financial variables such as inflation, growth of monetary base, depreciation, real interest rate, growth of private credit over GDP, growth of deposits over GDP and growth of M2 over reserves are examined. In recent years, there has been the use of institutional signals (Kaufmann et al, 2008) to predict for the probability of vulnerability and crisis occurrence besides quantitative economic indicators to enhance the limitation of the model by Kaminsky et al (1998). Moreover, being motivated by the work of Breuer et al. (2006) on institutional variables and currency crisis, this research will take this idea together with the combination with six updated world governance indicators (Kaufmann, 2013) namely voice and accountability, government effectiveness, political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption to assess the role of “health” of Government in the relationship with crisis time of the banking systems. Last but not least, the 12-month lagged term of banking crisis included into the regression model (Falcetti and Tudela, 2006) also give significant assessment. Nevertheless, it seems that most of relevant researches tend to try to explain the reasons for a banking crisis occurrence but not that why banking crisis does not take place in some situation over some period in some country. The attempt to understand or even forecast the crisis is important on one hand. But, on the other hand, future researches should be carried out with the tranquil time of the banking system, i. the “non-crisis” situation, still has its important role which seems to be belittled or even no need to be explained (Kauko, 2014). Although there have been researches and studies on banking crisis, it seems that there are likely few works considering simultaneously the health of Government, macroeconomic and financial background in a same model. Thus, the contribution 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com of this thesis is to employ a combination of MMP index approach with updated data from IMF – IFS over the year scope of 2001-2010 to analyze the somewhat overall banking crisis phenomenon under the impacts of the macro-economy environment, the financial situation and institutional indicators. The rationale of such approach is that there may be more useful findings will be figured out for banking crisis analyses as well as more awareness will be taken into account from the perspectives of authorities’ management for banking sector, in particularly, and for the economy in general. Research objective This thesis, whose attempt is to contribute an updated research on benign periods of banking systems through the analysis of banking crisis, will focus on the objectives which try to identify factors of macroeconomics, finance and institutions that are useful for explaining the occurrence of banking systems crisis. Research question Which are the macroeconomic, financial and institutional indicators that provide awareness for the crisis time of banking system? 1. Structure of the thesis After the finish of Chapter 1 about thesis introduction, the rest of this thesis will be categorized as following chapters: Chapter 2 introduces banking crisis definition, relevant literature reviews of trends of banking crisis researches, money market pressure index which will be applied for banking crisis dependent variable identification. Chapter 3 states the methodology, model choice and specification and data scope used.

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