UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE RECYCLING BEHAVIOR THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY BY PHAN BÙI KHUÊ ĐÀI MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE RECYCLING BEHAVIOR THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By PHAN BÙI KHUÊ ĐÀI Academic Supervisor: PROF. NGUYỄN TRỌNG HOÀI HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This paper investigates determinants of household waste recycling behavior for six different materials: paper, carton, plastic, metal, glass and cloth using data from the survey “Consumption behavior towards green growth in urban area of Viet Nam”, funded by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) and logistic regression. My findings reveal that psychological factors towards recycling generally appear to be statistically insignificant. Nevertheless, concern about waste, awareness of inheritance for future generation and satisfaction of waste condition at household’s residency explain their recycling behavior for some materials.
Another interesting finding is that the household’s belief of money gained from waste recycling will lead to recycling paper, carton and plastic. Furthermore, the results disclose that income and age in some cases affect the recycling behavior negatively. Moreover, housing characteristics have impact on recycling behavior positively in the case of metal, carton and paper recycling. Key words: household waste recycling, recycling behavior, logistic model i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof.
Nguyen Trong Hoai who provided me with precious data set from the survey “Consumption behavior towards green growth in urban area of Viet Nam”, funded by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) and gave me valuable guidelines, comments and suggestions for the successful completion of this study. I would like to express my special appreciation to Dr. Truong Dang Thuy whom I have learned a lot from his enthusiastic guidance, useful recommendations and inspiration. Besides, his friendly and inspiring approach has given me a great deal of encouragements to overcome difficulties in the whole research process.
I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Nguyen Hoang Bao and MA. Phung Thanh Binh for introducing the logistic regression model at “Data analysis and forecasting” course on December, 2014, hold by the Faculty of Development Economics of HCMC, University of Economics. I am also thankful to all lecturers and program administrators of the Vietnam – The Netherlands Program for M.
in Development Economics. They have given me wonderful knowledge and helped me kindly during the course. To all my friends in MDE Class 16, 19 and 20, especially MA. Nguyen Van Dung (Class 16) and MA.
Nguyen Quang Huy (Class 19) who gave me emotional encouragement, I would like to express my sincere thanks. Finally, I would like to express my deeply appreciation to my family and Mr. Tran Kim Minh for spiritual support and love. In particular, I dedicate this thesis to my beloved farther, Mr.
Phan Van Bay. HCMC, November 2015 Phan Bui Khue Dai ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .v LIST OF FIGURES. vi Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION. Real world problem.
Research scope and data. The structure of this study .2 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Socio-Economic and Demographic characteristics. Psychological factors towards recycling.
10 Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Conceptual framework and the econometric model .20 Chapter 4: EMPIRICAL RESULTS. 34 iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.38 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATION .48 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Description of the variables.
Prevalence of recycling toward six materials. Descriptive statistics of numerical variables. Descriptive statistics of binary variables. A comparison between metal recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing.
A comparison between metal recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. A comparison between carton recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing. A comparison between carton recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. A comparison between paper recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing.
A comparison between paper recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. A comparison between plastic recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing. A comparison between plastic recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. A comparison between glass recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing.
A comparison between glass recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. A comparison between cloth recycling and non-recycling in term of income, age and size of housing. A comparison between cloth recycling and non-recycling in term of gender, type of housing and education. Parameter estimates for the logit models.
39 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. A comparison between metal recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors. A comparison between carton recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors. A comparison between paper recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors.
A comparison between plastic recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors. A comparison between glass recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors. A comparison between cloth recycling and non-recycling in term of some selected psychological factors. 37 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Real world problem In Vietnam, the household waste is a pressing environment issue in recent years. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2014) indicated that total solid waste from household was 12.8 million tons per year and would reach to 22 million per year by 2020. Increasing amounts of household waste may lead to the risk of heavy environmental pollution and the seriously impact on public health. In the general context, Ho Chi Minh City is facing many challenges in waste management.
Every day, the city has more than 7,000 tons of garbage and costs each year up to 235 billion VND to handle. Thus, in order to recommend government in the design of effective policies to minimize waste, it is necessary to understand household waste recycling behavior. The study analyzes the determinants of household waste recycle behavior with the scope of research in Ho Chi Minh City. Scientific problem Currently, there are few studies on the issue of household behavior in Vietnam, mainly towards green consumption (water use; energy use; recycling and transport choice).
Of which, there is only one study of Luu Bao Doan and Nguyen Trong Hoai (2015) on household waste recycling behavior. Using structural equation modeling, this study indicated that recycling related to the attitude of the household towards recycling. Further, general concern and knowledge of environment do not have direct relations with the behavior of interest to recycle. Therefore, the study with logit models may contribute to academic knowledge on recycling behavior in the context of a developing country like Vietnam.
Furthermore, this study can provide policy makers with a new perspective on the nature of recycling behavior, the relationship between this behavior and such factors as psychological factors of the environment in general and waste recycling in particular, so that the authority can consider appropriate tools to adjust citizen's behavior towards recycling more. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Research objectives The objective of the study is to identify factors affecting household’s waste recycling behavior in Ho Chi Minh City towards six different materials: metal, carton, paper, plastic, glass and cloth. Research questions Main question: What factors affect household waste recycling behavior in Ho Chi Minh City? Sub questions: i.
Do Socio-Economic and Demographic Characteristics affect household waste recycling behavior in Ho Chi Minh City? ii. Do Primary Residence Characteristics affect household waste recycling behavior in Ho Chi Minh City? iii. Do Psychological factors of the environment and waste recycling affect household waste recycling behavior in Ho Chi Minh City? 1. Research scope and data The study will investigate determinants of household waste recycling behavior for 6 different materials: paper, carton, plastic, metal, glass and cloth by using data from the survey “Consumption behavior towards green growth in urban area of Viet Nam”, funded by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED).
The survey was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City on April and May 2014, including 200 households from District 1, 3, 4, 9, Binh Thanh, Go Vap, Phu Nhuan and Thu Duc. To collect data, investigators directly contacted the household head for an interview, clearly explained the questions and choices, then recorded the respondents' feedback. The structure of this study Five chapters will be constructed in this study as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. This is the beginning section of thesis, which consists of the research topic and problem statement.
The research objectives, research questions and the research scope and data are also presented in this chapter. The final section will provide the structure of the research. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 2: Literature review. This chapter provides with theoretical and empirical reviews related to household waste recycling behavior.
The first section will review a related theory explaining recycling behavior, which is Random Utility Theory. The empirical researches indicate that there are three main groups of factors that affect individual’s behavior of recycling. They are socio-economic and demographic characteristics, housing characteristics and psychological factors towards recycling. Furthermore, these factors impact positively or negatively on recycling behavior depending on the circumstances and the material as well.
This chapter presents research methods and conceptual framework. Chapter 4: Empirical results. This chapter starts with descriptive statistic and then provides a bivariate relationship between household recycling behavior and some important determinants. Finally, the regression results and interpretation are presented.
This chapter summarizes the findings and concludes with some policy implication and research limitations. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter provides with theoretical and empirical reviews related to household waste recycling behavior. The first section will review random utility theory. The empirical researches indicate that there are three main groups of factors that affect individual’s behavior of recycling.
They are socio-economic and demographic characteristics, housing characteristics and psychological factors towards recycling. Furthermore, these factors impact positively or negatively on recycling behavior depending on the circumstances and the material as well. Theoretical Review A related theory explaining recycling behavior is Random Utility Theory by Marschak (1960). This theory indicated that an individual utility could be defined by two components: deterministic components and random components.
So, the total utility of a household i recycling waste are the sum of the two utility components: U1i = V1i + e1i Where, V1i can be approximated by a linear function of recycling in the vector of Xi and the population utility weights for each attribute in the vector i : V1i = 1iX1i. In additional, e1i is random utility component.