MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS BENEFIT-SHARING ON ECOTOURISM AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK Major: Natural Resources Management Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Code: D850101 Student: Hoang Dinh Nguyen Student ID: 1453091211 Class: K59B Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr. Ngo Duy Bach Hanoi, June 2018 ABSTRACT Ecotourism is roughly becoming a hot industry for public and private investors in the world. Besides, the mutual relationship between ecotourism and conservation is evaluated importantly in balancing economic and environmental aspect. Thus, stakeholders involve in ecotourism activities have play crucial role in conservation activities and sustainable tourism.
Cat Ba National Park, due to its impressive natural and cultural tourism resources, has a large potential to become one of the sought-after ecotourism destinations in the world. In fact, it is well-known tourist attraction for both inbound and outbound tourist. In this research, by using useful techniques namely participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaire survey method, it has given on the general current status of ecotourism development in Cat Ba National Park (CBNP) in both the center and Viet Hai community-based tourism, and then identifying some key stakeholders and their role in ecotourism and conservation activities. It also has contributed to the information in terms of Stakeholder Interactions and its benefit- sharing mechanism in two cases.
The positive and negative impacts of ecotourism on conservation has carefully discussed from this research. Ultimately, this research has produced a set of recommendation on justifiable benefit-sharing in management. Keywords: benefit-sharing, ecotourism development, community-based, key stakeholders, Cat Ba National Parks i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost I would like to express my deep gratitude to my principal supervisor Dr. Ngo Duy Bach for his effective supervision.
He is a reviewer, who sacrificed valuable time to carefully read and feedback my proposal as well as my thesis, despite a short period of time. In addition, he gives me a help as a bridge connecting me with others important people during the field trip. I would like to express my sincere to SJ Vietnam (a volunteer international youth NGO). They facilitated me as a tourist who came and participated in some volunteer activities for the local community.
They also supported me an accommodation and food for 3 weeks in CBNB. Joining with voluntary student from Cardiff University, I undergo new experiences with them when discovery as a voluntourist. It is literally helping to complements my own topic. The research also would not be realized without guidance and support from all the staffs working in The Center for Services, Ecotourism & Environmental Education at Cat Ba National Park.
They gave me a chance to work in their agency as a tour-guide in 2 weeks. Besides, providing excellent research facilities and a warm welcome, I am extremely grateful to them for what they have done for me. Particularly, I would like to thank Mr. Cau ,vice president in travel services and ecotourism, provided me careful guidance throughout the whole period of 2 weeks in CBNB.
I have learnt a lot from him not only academically but also personality. As a independence, maturity and confidence to work with others offices and people, which laid solid foundation for this research and further my work in the future. Special thanks go to the following individuals and organizations: Cat Ba National Park , Cat Ba Forest ranger station, Viet Hai People‟s Committee, Mr. Duc and all the interviewees who responded to questionnaires and interview in my research.
with the supporting and collaboration from these bodies and individuals, the research has accomplished more easily. ii Finally, it is cannot but mention to my beloved family and friends. My family supported to me a lot about financial as well as sprits. For instant, they encouraged me in every single tough moment during the time when I did my thesis.
In addition, my friend who assistance throughout a half of field trip, have tremendous meaning on me when spending their time to help me in data collection time. There is an inspiration to encourage me to do more harder. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT. vi TABLE CONTENTS.
Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined.4 The structure of the thesis. 5 Chapter II: LITURATURE REVIEW .3 The participation of stakeholders in ecotourism activity.4 Relationship between ecotourism and environmental conservation.5 Ecotourism and voluntourism. 10 Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .1 Case study approach .3 Semi-structured interviews .1 Document analysis or secondary data analysis .1 Current status of ecotourism and conservation activity in CBNP.1 Infrastructure and tourism services.2 Tourist frequency in CBNP .2 key stakeholders in ecotourism activities .1 Non-local actors .3 Interaction among stakeholders .2 local communities participant .4 Impacts of Ecotourism on Conservation activities.1 The role of stakeholders .2 Benefits Distribution Mechanism .4 Proposing solutions for sustainable ecotourism development in association with forest resource management.
49 Chapter VI: Conclusion. 51 REFFERENCES APPENDIX v ABBREVIATIONS CBNP Cat Ba National Park PAs Protected area DMOs destination marketing organizations CBE Community-based ecotourism CEEE Center service of ecotourism and environmental education TDP Tourism Development Department PA Removing barriers hindering protected area management effectiveness in Vietnam (Project) vi List of Tables Table 1.1: Species in Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve. Group of development projects associated with conservation in recent years. 24 vii List of Figures Figure 1.1: The map of Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve.1 Temporal recuse in Park headquarters .2 Information board in Park headquarters .3: Number of domestic and international visitor in terrestrial tourist routes and marine tourist routes in period of 5 year from 2013 to 2017 .4 Mangrove ecosystem in Phu Long.5 Local clay house in Viet Hai .5 : CEEE‟s staffs assess their salary (n=13) .6: Travelers assess current tickets price (n=20) .7: Travelers assess current commodity (n=20) .12: locals responsibilities in ecotourism (n=14) .13: comparing monthly Family Income between locals participant and locals non- participant ecotourism.15: Some of volunteer activities in CBNP .16: Trash left by visitors on the "Kim Giao forest - Ngu Lam Peak".
44 viii Chapter I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale National Parks and natural landscape are increasingly interested in the use of land for tourism development. It is considered to be an important foundation for the development of the Ecotourism and to bring about the benefits of economic and social development. However, whether or not the development of ecotourism in the national parks ensure the requirements for resource protection depend much on local community. In Vietnam, as soon as the national parks are established, communities living in the core and buffer zone depend on the resources of the nature reserve.
They face a lot of difficulties in changing their previous lifestyles such as limited harvesting forest products or shrinking field areas. in order to compensate for those disadvantages, many policies and projects are being developed to support and enhance the quality of life of people as "Programme 135" to support finance for people living in remote areas. The tourism development project is being implemented in most of the national parks in Vietnam. However, the effects of the tourism promotion are not much supporting the economic growth of local community and the conservation activities.
Participation of local people living in buffer zone is interested by authorities in ecotourism activities in Vietnam National Parks. In fact, however, the participation of the community in tourism activities was very limited and totally unorganized. The benefits-sharing issues among national parks, travel agencies, and local communities are much limited when almost profits come to individuals or small group which have a certain knowledge and capital. It is undeniable that the benefits-sharing on ecotourism and conservation in National park with stakeholders is Inappropriate.
Local communities are almost out of the running or traveling spontaneously. Even authority in national park who directly manage tourism resources are also out of tourism activities passively and dependently. Cat Ba national park is typical appropriate case study for several reasons. Firstly, the development of tourism as well 1 as conservation activities are dramatically increasing in recent years.
Secondly, CBNB is also well-know a highly biodiversity values area with special species and ecosystems that are in danger of extinction. Thirdly, the poverty and ecological problems still remain, while increasing Island‟s population both local resident and tourists requires an increasing food, services supplies and especially acreage of land-use that are affected a lot on conservation activities. In order to examine the benefits, current status, and shortcomings of benefit-sharing in CBNB. based on this, I recommend solutions for community-based tourism and implement conservation and development objectives in developing ecotourism particularly and CBNB resources generally.
That‟s why The topic “THE BENEFIT-SHARING ON ECOTOURISM AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK” was carried out in this thesis.1 General objective: To develop sustainable ecotourism in association with sustainable forest resource management and protection in Cat Ba National Park 1.2 Detailed objectives: -To assess the current status of ecotourism and conservation activities in Cat Ba National Park -To identify stakeholders in ecotourism activities in Cat Ba National Park -To study on benefit-sharing mechanism of ecotourism in Cat Ba National Park -To study on the impacts of ecotourism on conservation activities in Cat Ba National Park -Proposing solutions for sustainable ecotourism development in association with forest resource management 2 1.3 study area Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, with an area of 285 square kilometers, would have been the largest of 366 islands in Ha Long Bay UNESCO Heritage site in northern Vietnam. The majority of the land is cat Ba national park, also known as a first national park in Vietnam cover both terrestrial and marine ecosystems with high diversity, namely Tropical humid forest; Wetlands; Mangroves and Coral reefs.1: The map of Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve. (source: Cat Ba national park management board) Owing to its beauty landscape and worldwide importance to biodiversity conservation t archipelago attracts numerous NGO‟s and international scientist interests in special ecological, especially the high number of endemic species. The golden-headed langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus) is one typical example, the world critical endangered species that is listed as one of rarest global primates because of its restricted range and small population size (UNESCO,2007) and only exists in Cat Ba island.
Besides the Langur, there 3 are numerous valuable and rare plant and animal species, have been recorded in Cat Ba, about 80 of total 2,320 existing species (table 1) have been identified endangered and classified in the Vietnam's Red List (Vietnam National Commission for UNESCO 2011).1: Species in Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve Number of Number of species in Categories species Vietnam's Red data book - Terrestrial plants: 741 species 27 - Forest wildlife: 282 species 30 - Wetlands plants 23 species - Sea weeds: 75 species 8 - Phytoplankton: 199 species - Zooplankton: 89 species - Marine bottom species: 538 species 8 - Marine fishes: 196 species - Corals: 177 species (source: Vietnam National Commission for UNESCO 2011) Cat Ba National Park (CBNP) was established in 1986 in the Cat Ba archipelago, Cat Hai district. It is situated 50 km east of Hai Phong, 25 km south of Ha Long city, 100 km south-east of the Capital Hanoi, and It borders Ha Long Bay in the north of Cat Ba National Park with geographic coordinates: : 20°44′50″ to 20°55′29″ N, 106°54′20″ to 107°10′05″ E. Cat Ba National Park is located on the border of six communes, namely Gia Luan, Phu Long, Hien Hao, Xuan Dam, Tran Chau, Viet Hai and Cat Ba town. , which are located in the buffer and transitional zones of Cat Ba Archipelago‟s Biosphere Reserve.
Economic development in Vietnam has been more equal than in many other countries in the same kind of situation, but the economic growth has not always lead to poverty reduction. Statistics on tourism in Cat Ba work as a good example. The number of visitors has 4 increased rapidly between the years 1995 and 2007, from 45,000 visitors to 729,000 visitors.