MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY --------------o0o---------------- STUDENT THESIS USE OF LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGE FOR MAPPING LAND COVER CHANGE: CASE STUDY AT YEN BAI COMMUNE, BA VI DISTRICT , HA NOI CITY Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resource and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen Student ID: 1453092352 Class: K59B - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 - 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc. Tran Quang Bao Hanoi, 2018 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the support and help from my teachers, friends, families and several people. I would like to express my special appreciation of following people who supported with my sincere gratitude: I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor Assoc. Tran Quang Bao for is untiring and excellent guidance, valuable suggestion in my dilemmas.
His comment and advices have helped me to finish my thesis Further, I would like to thank the People’s Committee of Yen Bai for support and giving me the chance to study in here. I also thank the local authorities and farmers in Yen Bai Commune for providing valuable information and data of the area. I wish to thank the Center of Laboratory and Practice of Vietnam Forestry University for providing me with survey instrument (GPS Garmin) for field survey. I also thank my friends for their enthusiastic help in the process collected data in field survey.
Last but not least, my everlasting gratitude goes to my parents who always encouraged and supporting me all the time. Ha Noi, 08, October 2018 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF TABLE.
LIST OF FIGURE. Geographic Information system. Origins and evolutions of GIS. Function of GIS.
Remote sensing technology (RS). The basic principal of Remote sensing. Applications of Remote Sensing. Features and specifications of the Landsat image.
Studies of application of Remote sensing and GIS to detect land use and land cover. In the world. In Viet Nam. 12 GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODLOGY.
Goal and objectives. Integration multi-temporal Landsat data and GIS. 21 NATURAL CONDITION, THE RESOURCES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. Climate and weather.
Social and economic conditions. Ethnic composition and population distribution. Health and education. The situation of production development of Yen Bai Commune.
Manufacturing industry, handicraft. 28 RESULT AND DISSCUSSION. Current status and management of land use in Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District. Status of land use in Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi District.
Land use management. Construct thematic maps over time and evaluate the accuracy of maps. Thematic map for the period of 2004 – 2017. Evaluate the accuracy of the map.
Changes in land use area, causes and factors affecting the management of land use in Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi district, Hanoi. The driven force effect to change activity using the land in Yen Bai Commune. Solutions to improve the management effectiveness of land use in the study area. 45 CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
5 ABBREVIATIONS ETM +: Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus IR: Infrared GIS: Geographic Information System LULC: Landuse/landcover MSS: Multi-Spectral Scanner NIR: Near Infrared SWIR: Shortwave Infrared TM: Thematic Mapper 6 LIST OF TABLE Table 2. ETM + sensor characteristic parameters………………………………………… 7 Table 2. Table of the main application of Landsat…………………………………………. OLI, TIRS sensors characteristic parameters of Landsat 8………………………….
Satellite images used for the study……………………………………………. Ground control points (GCPs) and land cover classes……………………………16 Table 3. Description of land cover classification…………………………………………. The area of land use types in Yen Bai Commune in 2015……………………… 29 Table 5.
Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2017……………………. Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2013……………………. Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2010……………………. Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2007…………………….
Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2004……………………. The area of cover in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 to 2017…………………. The change of land cover in period of 2004 – 2017….46 7 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3. Overview flowchart of study objects .2 Flowchart of methodology for image classification and change mapping.
The distribution of sample points in the study area…. Location of study site. The main land use in Yen Bai Commune in 2015.Error! Bookmark not defined. Map of land cover in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 to 2017Error! Bookmark not defined.
The area of land cover type in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 - 2017. Map of land used changed in period 2004 – 2017………………………. Map of land cover change between period. The reason cause the land use change .40 8 ABSTRACTS The aim of this thesis was to monitor land cover change in period of time from 2005 to 2017 in Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District.
Beside that, investigating the current land use and management, identifying the key drivers of land cover change and proposing better solution for land management in this study site are the specific object. This thesis was applied GIS to deal with the data from the current map 2004 - 2017 with focus on 3 types: forest, agricultural land and other land (residential, bareland, water, etc). In order to construct the map of landuse/landcover change, the landsat images from 2004 – 2017 is downloaded. In this thesis the Iso cluster unsupervised classification to identify the land cover change is used by using the Images Classification tool in ArcGis on is a method of identifying, grouping, and labeling features in an imagine according to their spectral values.
The statistic indicates that from 2005 to 2017, the area of forest decreased by 451. The agricultural also decreased but slightly, only 69. In the contrast, the other land increased by 520. The reasons for the change in land use types are mostly by urbanization, population growth, different purpose of land use, etc.
In Yen Bai, there has some problem such as deforestation for personal aim, awareness of people, loose in management, etc that cause bad affect. Some suggestions should be proposed to solve this problem. Keywords: GIS, landuse/land cover change, unsupervised classification, remote sensing. 9 Chapter I Introduction Landuse/landcover (LULC) changes plays a major role in study of global change.
Landuse/land cover and human/ natural modifications have largely resulted in deforestation, biodiversity loss, global warming and increase of natural disaster – flooding (Dwivedi et al, 2004). These environmental problems are often related to LULC changes. Therefore, available data on LULC changes can provide critical input to decision – making of environmental management and planning the future (Prenzel, 2004). The growing population and increasing socio-economic necessities creates a pressure on landuse/landcover.
This pressure result in unplanted and uncontrolled changes in LULC (Seto, 2002). The LULC alterations are generally caused by mismanagement of agricultural, urban, range and forest lands which lead to severe environmental problems such as landslides, floods etc. Remote sensing and GIS are powerful tools to derive accurate and timely information on the spatial distribution of landuse/landcover changes over large area (Rogana, 2004). GIS provides a flexible environment for collecting, storing, displaying and analyzing digital data necessary for change detection (Demers, 2005).
Remote sensing imagery is the most important data sources of GIS. Satellite imagery is used for recognition of synoptic data of Earth’s surface (Ulbricht, 1998). Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data have been broadly employed in studies towards the determination of land cover since 1972, the staring year of Landsat program, mainly in forest and agriculture areas (Campell, 2007). Yen Bai Commune is a mountainous commune, in the southeast of Ba Vi District Interacting between hills and slopes and ladders.
This terrain is favorable for growing fruit 1 trees and perennial trees. In the past years, the commune has gradually changed the agricultural structure in the direction of commodity production, the land use purpose of people in the commune has also changed. With the requirement to update information quickly and accurately on the dynamics of land use types, the use of remote sensing data in combination with GIS technology for image processing and mapping has become a method of practical significance and high scientific. Based on that practice, I have implemented the topic " Use of Landsat 8 Satellite Image for mapping land cover change: Case study at Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District , Ha Noi City” to use remote sensing technology in the establishment of land use change map to serve the local land use management research.
2 Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Geographic Information system 2. Definitions According to Burrough (1986), GIS is a powerful tool box, used to store and receive arbitrary, change and display spatial data form the real world for the special target. According to the Environment System Institute (ESRI), “a geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.
Origins and evolutions of GIS GIS is exploited in the 1960s form a mapping initiative work. Canadian forest management, GIS continues to be developed through the research of the researchers at the university and the government of Canada, the US and other countries aimed to introduce the geography of the Earth using a System computer database, display it on the terminal of the computer and mapping out the paper. GIS market expanded strongly in the early 1980s thanks to the trade journals, conferences and professional collaboration to proclaim to the world about the benefits of GIS. Today, there are hundreds of websites posted online GIS data on the World Wide Web.
Anyone can use the web browser can access and view GIS data. Function of GIS “GIS has 4 main functions: data entry, manages, analyze and display geographic data management” (Nguyen Kim Loi, 2007). Data entry is the process of creating a database to GIS, is the data encryption process form data can be read and stored in the computer. 3 Data management: for attribute data managed by the relational model, data managing spatial data in vector and raster model.
Data analysis: GIS can analyze data combined spatial and attribute at the same time, the group is composed of 4 main functions: maintaining and analyzing spatial data, only maintenance and analysis of data attributes, meta-analysis of spatial data and attributes, export formats. Display of data: GIS can allow the data stored and displayed complete information separately, at different rates; the level of detail of information is only limited by the storage capacity of the hardware and software methods that used to display. Remote sensing technology (RS) 2. Definition “Remote sensing is the art, science, talking less about an object without having to touch the object.” (Ficher, 1976) “Remote sensing is the science of extracting information from an object, measured from a distance away from the object does not need to come into contact with it.
Energy is measured in the current generation of remote sensing electromagnetic energy emitted from the object of interest…” (DA Land Grete, 1978). The basic principal of Remote sensing Remote sensing study objects by interpreting and separating information from air data snapshot, or by satellite image interpretation numeric. The data below format photographs and digital imagines are obtained based on the recognition of radiation energy (photo frames and imagine) and wave feedback (photo radar) emitted from objects when surveying. Energy in the form of electromagnetic spectrum, situated on different spectrum bands, and for information about an object from multiple angles will help decipher objects for more accurately.
Applications of Remote Sensing Currently, remote sensing has been widely applied in many fields, many areas below is different and introduces the main application: Climate and atmospheric gas studies (characterized ozone, clouds, rain, temperature, and atmospheric gas). Hurricane and climate research through data collection meteorological satellite.