VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY -------------------- NGO TRUNG KIEN POLYMER COATED ON MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES ORIENTING IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY APPLICATION Major : Chemical Engineering Code: 60.01 MASTER THESIS Ho Chi Minh City, January 2017 THIS WORK WAS DONE AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Scientific supervisor: Assoc. Nguyen Phuong Tung Signature: Scientific co-supervisor: Dr. Dinh Xuan Loc Signature Reviewer 1: Assoc. Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong Signature Reviewer 2: Dr.
Hoang Thi Kim Dung Signature This master thesis was defended at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University on January 5th, 2017. The member of Council for assessing master thesis includes: 1. Le Thi Hong Nhan 2. Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong 3.
Hoang Thi Kim Dung 4. Tong Thanh Danh 5. Ha Cam Anh Confirmation of Council for evaluation master thesis’s chairman and faculty’s dean after the thesis was corrected (if any). Head of council Dean of Chemical Engineering faculty (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) VIENAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM HCM CITY UNVIERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Freedom - Happiness ASSIGNMENT OF MASTER THESIS Learner’s full name: Ngo Trung Kien Learner’s code: 7141159 Date of birth: January 1st, 1991 Place of birth: Bac Lieu Major : Chemical Engineering Code : 60.
Name of theme: Polymer coated on magnetic nanoparticles orienting in enhanced oil recovery application. Assignment and contents: Synthesis of copolymer AMPS-MMA coated on magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) Synthesis of nonylphenoxy carboxylated surfactant Characterization of obtained PMNPs’ properties Evaluation thermal and chemical stability of PMNPs for orienting in enhanced oil recovery. Date of giving assignment : Januray 11th, 2016 IV. Date of finishing assignment: December 2nd, 2016 V.
Nguyen Phuong Tung Co-supervisor: Dr. Dinh Xuan Loc Ho Chi Minh City, January 11th, 2016 Supervisor Dean of department (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) Co-supervisor Dean of faculty (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my deepest sincere gratitude to supervisor Assoc. Nguyen Phuong Tung and co-supervisor Dr. Dinh Xuan Loc for their support, thorough guidance, encouragement, valuable discussions in theory and practical.
Without continuous support from supervisors I will not complete the master thesis as presented here. I also would like to thank all lectures, teachers, and researchers in Faculty of Chemical Engineering - Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology for helping and guiding me throughout the studying in university and doing master thesis. Thanks to the teachers and my friends in the Materials for enhanced oil recovery and energy conversion Lab for helping me to complete the thesis especially Dr. Luong Thi Bich, Mr.
Pham Duy Khanh and other members in the lab. Finally, I would like to express deepest gratitude to my father, my mother and my relative for helping about the finance, spirit. These encouragements and supports help me so much to finish the thesis. ABSTRACT Magnetic nanoparticles modified by oleic acid were coated co-polymer methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) via mini-emulsion polymerization and this material was called PMNPs.
The iron source for synthesis of MNPs was prepared from red mud of Saigon Ground Water Company Limited with the mass percentage 57% of Fe. MNPs were synthesized by the combination of co-precipitation and mini-emulsion under the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The physical and chemical characterization method such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed the PMNPs was synthesized successfully, the average size of 12 nm for MNPs and 16 nm for PMNPs through TEM images. At the same time, nonylphenoxy carboxylated surfactant (NPC) was also synthesized by carboxymethylation method with the mass percentage 51% of NPC to prepare for surveying the thermal and chemical stability of mixture PMNPs-NPC.
The mass ratio of 200 ppm PMNPs and 800 ppm NPC represented the capacity to reduce the interfacial tension between brine and oil better than other ratios, and their combination was also be stable after 31 days in high temperature (120oC) and high salinity environment that simulating White Tiger reservoir condition. The hydrophilic property (AMPS) and hydrophobic (MMA) of PMNPs help them disperse well in brine and change the contact angle of oil drop and rock surface. And the result was even better when combination 200 ppm PMNPs with 800 ppm of NPC, they can change the contact angle from 66o to 144o. PMNPs also disperse well, be thermal and chemical stable until the fourth using after treating with ethanol.
ASSURANCE FOR MASTER THESIS I assure that the data and researching results in this master thesis are true and they are not used to protect any degree or thesis. Any help in this thesis was thanked and reference information such as method, data, figures, and pictures was cited clearly. Ho Chi Minh city, December 2nd, 2016 Learner Ngo Trung Kien Contents CONTENTS CONTENTS. i LIST OF FIGURES.
iv LIST OF TABLES. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vii Chapter 1: Introduction .1 Chapter 2: Literature Review .1 Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) .1 Introduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery .2 Mechanism of enhanced oil recovery .3 Enhanced oil recovery methods.2 Synthesis of MNPs .3 Protection/Stabilization of MNPs .3 The physical chemistry properties of polymer coated nanoparticles orienting in EOR .1 The mobility control property .2 The surface wettability alteration property .3 Transport of PNPs in porous media .4 The researches about polymer coated NPs for EOR applications.1 Chemical and materials.2 Equipments, instrument, software .3 Synthesis of PMNPs .1 Preparing FeCl2 and FeCl3 from red mud.2 Synthesis of MNPs .3 Synthesis of PMNPs from OMNPs .4 Synthesis of Nonylphenoxy carboxylate surfactant .2 Determination the yield of reactions and characterize the NPC surfactant .3 Investigating the effect of temperature on carboxymethylation reactions.5 Evaluation thermal and chemical stability of PMNPs .6 Evaluation the wettability alteration of PMNPs and mixture PMNPs-NPC surfactants.7 Evaluation the reusing capacity of PMNPs. 38 Chapter 4: Results and Discussion.
Characterization of MNPs and PMNPs .1 XRD patterns of MNPs from red mud and MNPs reference.2 VSM of MNPs and PMNPs .3 FT-IR of MNPs, OMNPs and PMNPs.4 TGA for OMNPs–MMA–co-AMPS .5 TEM images of MNPs and PMNPs .6 Result of optimization the reaction of copolymer coated on MNPs .2 Synthesis of Nonylphenoxy carboxylate (NPC) surfactant .1 Investigating the effect of temperature on carboxymethylation reactions .2 FT-IR spectroscopy of NPC surfactant .3 Evaluation thermostability of the mixtures PMNPs-NPC .4 Evaluation the wettability alteration of PMNPs and mixture PMNPs-NPC surfactants.5 Evaluation the reusing capacity of PMNPs.1 Observing the appearance the solution after being reusing.2 IFT and viscosity of MNPs and PMNPs after being reused. 62 Chapter 5: Conclusions & Recommendations. 64 LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS RELATED TO LEARNER .1 Pictures of the equipments and instruments.2 Original images in this thesis .3 Microsoft Excel for calculating th optimization the copolymer coated MNPs reaction .0 for plotting graphs.5 Matlab 2012 for plotting 3D response surface of copolymer coated MNPs .6 ChemBio Draw Ultra 12.0 for drawing chemical formulas.7 Endnote X7 for citing the references .8 Google scholar for finding the references documents .v iii List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Oil recovery categories Figure 2.2: Target for different crude oil systems .3: Effect of Nc on residual oil saturation .4: Enhanced oil recovery methods .5: Left: TEM images of magnetic and dielectric nanocrystals: Fe 3O4 (9.8 nm; Fe2+:Fe3+, 1:2; 160oC), CoFe2O4 (11.6 nm; Co 2+:Fe2+, 1:2, 180oC), BaTiO3 (16.7 nm; 180oC), TiO2 (4. Right: The liquid-solid-solution (LSS) phase-transfer synthetic strategy [19] .7: CT-scan of the cross section of a core flooded with CO2 and (a) 2% NaBr brine and (b) 2% NaBr brine and 5% PEG-coated silica nanoparticles; pure brine and CO2 are illustrated with red and blue, respectively.
The scan is taken after 0.25 pore volume of CO2 injected and each slice is 1 cm apart longitudinally [21] .8: Schematic and SEM image of BrightWater polymeric NPs. The particles expand at elevated temperatures, diverting flow to low permeability regions [22] .9: The inner and outer contact line due to ordering of NPs; (a) the oscillatory disjoining pressure due to ordering of the NPs near the wedge-like inner contact line; (b) visual and schematic pictures of inner and outer contact lines [23] .1: The compounds in red mud via analyzing EDS method .2: Process of synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs).3: Synthesis of MNPs via oleate linker .4: Process of synthesis of OMNPs .5: Synthesis of PMNPs from OMNPs .6: The synthesis process of PMNPs from OMNPs .7: The illustration of synthesis of PMNPs from red mud .8: The procedure for synthesis of NPC surfactant .1: XRD pattern of MNPs .2: VSM of MNP and PMNPs.3: FT-IR spectrum of MNPs, oleic acid and OMNPs .4: FT-IR spectra of (a) OMNPs, (b) Copolymer MMA-AMPS, and (c) PMNPs.5: TGA patterns of copolymer MMA-AMPS.6: TGA patterns of PMNPs. 44 iv List of Figures Figure 4.7: TEM of MNPs.8: TEM image of PMNPs .9: Response surface of mass percentage of copolymer MMA-AMPS coated on MNPs.10: Yield of reactions at various temperatures .11: FT-IR spectroscopy of NPA, NPC and other substances in the reaction.12: (a) The color of MNPs solution (a) before applying super magnet and (b) after applying super magnet.13: Thermal stability of mixture PMNPs-NPC surfactants by time.14: FT-IR spectra of PMNPs before and after annealing experiment .15: The picture of oil drop in brine environment.16: The picture of oil drop in solution PMNPs 1000 ppm.17: The picture of oil drop in solution NPC surfactant 1000 ppm.18: The picture of oil drop in mixture PMNPs-NPC with mass ratio 200-800 in respective.19: The mechanism of PMNPs for wettability alternation of rock surface in reservoir.1: Ultrasonic machine - Powersonic 603 Hwashin Technology .2: Viscosity machine – Brookfield DV-III Ultra, USA.3: Drying/Oven – Shellap USA.4: Interfacial tensiometer machine – TEMCO Inc Texas, USA .5: Contact angle measurement machine – OCA 15EC with software SCA 20.6: Transmission electronic microscope (TEM) - TEM JEM1010-JEOL .7: XRD pattern of MNPs from red mud .8: XRD pattern of MNPs from red mud .9: VSM curve of MNPs .10: VSM curve of PMNPs .11: IR spectra of NPA .12: IR spectra of ClCH2COOH .13: IR spectra of ClCH2COONa.14: IR spectra of acetone .15: IR spectra of NPC .16: TGA diagram of copolymer AMPS-MMA .k v List of Figures Figure A.17: TGA diagram of copolymer PMNPs .18: TEM images of MNPs (10 images) .19: Images of PMNPs (10 images) .p vi List of Tables LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Summary comparison of the synthetic methods .1: Chemical and materials using for experiments .2: The ingredient and properties of brine .3: The properties of crude oil at White Tiger reservoir [29].4: Equipments, instruments, and software using for characterizing/researching the obtained materials .5: The mass percentage of compounds in red mud.6: The different conditions for polymerization .7: The parameters of orthogonal planning level 2.8: Value and variable range of affecting parameters .9: Matrix for orthogonal planning level 2 for polymerization.10: Appearance of mixtures PMNPs-NPC surfactant by the time.11: Interfacial tensiometer (IFT) of mixtures PMNPs-NPC surfactant by the time.1: Matrix for orthogonal planning level 2 for polymerization.2: Interfacial tensiometer of mixtures PMNPs-NPC surfactant by the time.3: Appearance of mixtures PMNPs-NPC surfactant by the time.4: Appearance of the MNPs and PMNPs solutions after being reused.5: IFT of MNPs and PMNPs after being used .