MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATION THE EFFECTS OF NaNO; AND NaCl ON PHYCOCYANIN PRODUCTION BY Arthrospira platensis Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : TRAN THI HONG Student ID : 19126055 Academic year : 2019-2023 Thu Duc City, 03/2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EVALUATION THE EFFECTS OF NaNO; AND NaCl ON PHYCOCYANIN PRODUCTION BY Arthrospira platensis ADVISOR STUDENT HUYNH VINH KHANG, PH. TRAN THI HONG NGUYEN THI VAN ANH, MSC. Thu Duc City, 03/2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I would like to sincerely thank the Board of Directors, Faculty of Biological Sciences of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh for enthusiastically supporting and creating favorable conditions for me to carry out my thesis ecently completed my graduation thesis. I would like to especially express my sincere thanks to Ph.
Huynh Vinh Khang and Msc. Nguyen Thi Van Anh dedicatedly guided and imparted knowledge and experience as well as supported and created conditions for me in terms of facilities, equipment and chemicals throughout the project implementation process. I would like to sincerely thank the teachers of the Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh taught and imparted valuable knowledge and experience to me throughout the process of studying and implementing the project. Thank you to the student body of BIO315 Environmental Biology - Faculty of Biological Sciences as well as the DH19SHD class for always encouraging, supporting and helping me during the time of completing my graduation thesis.
I would like to thank my parents for not being afraid to work hard and always creating the best conditions for me to study and practice. Finally, I wish all teachers good health and confidence to complete their mission of leading and imparting knowledge to future generations. Thank you sincerely. Thu Duc City, March, 2024 AFFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Tran Thi Hong, student ID: 19126055, class: DHI9SHD (Phone: 0358818400, email: 19126055@st.vn), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam university Ho Chi Minh City.
I declared that all results presented in this graduate thesis were conducted by myself. All the data and information are entirely accurate and unbiased. I fully accept responsibility for these commitments in front of the committee. Thu Duc City, March, 2024 Student’s signature Tran Thi Hong ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of NaCl and NaNOs, which may increase the accumulation of phycocyanin in Arthrospira platensis.
In order to understand the accumulation of phycocyanin in Arthrospira platensis, researchers conducted solvent investigations on phycocyanin extracts.5% CaCh, distilled water, and phosphate buffer 0.1M, pH=7 were investigated at the ratio of 1 g : 10 ml solvent and 1 g : 100 ml solvent. The algae sample was washed twice with distilled water before the experiment. After mixing with solvent, the algae sample was frozen for 24 hours at a temperature of 20 °C then defrosted, sonicated, and centrifuged to collect the supernatant. To determine the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium that accumulate the most phycocyanin, the study used a response surface method (RSM) with two factors: NaCl and NaNO; concentrations.
Under optimal conditions, phycocyanin solution was determined for the antioxidant activity using DPPH reagent. Research results showed that the highest yield of phycocyanin obtained after 3 extractions at the ratio of 1 g : 100 mL was in the solvent 1. And when the concentration of mnaci was 7.56 g and mnano3 was 0.6 g in the culture medium, the optimal yield of phycocyanin was 19. The free radical scavenging ability of phycocyanin solution was 49.
Research results showed that NaCl and NaNO; concentrations affect phycocyanin accumulation in A. platensis, and can be applied experimentally in areas where nutrient concentrations are investigated in research. Keywords : Arthrospira platensis, phycocyanin, NaCl, NaNO3 TÓM TẮT Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành dé xác định nồng độ NaCl va NaNO; có khả năng làm tăng sự tích lũy phycocyanin trong vi tao Arthrospira platensis. Dé tìm hiểu được sự tích liy phycocyanin trong vi tảo A.
platensis, nghiên cứu đã tiến hành khảo sát dung môi chiết xuất phyccoyanin. Các loại dung môi CaCl 1,5%, nước cất, đệm phosphate được khảo sát với tỷ lệ 1 g : 10 ml dung môi và 1 g : 100 ml dung môi. Mẫu tảo được rửa sạch hai lần bằng nước cất trước khi thí nghiệm, sau khi trộn với dung môi, mẫu tảo được đông lạnh trong 24 giờ ở nhiệt độ 20 °C sau đó được rã đông và đánh sóng siêu âm, ly tâm dé thu chất nổi phía trên. Dé xác định nồng độ các chất dinh dưỡng trong môi trường nuôi cấy tích lũy nhiều phycocyanin nhất, nghiên cứu đã sử dụng phương pháp bề mặt phản ứng với hai yêu tố: nồng độ NaCl và NaNO:.
Trong điều kiện tối ưu, dung dich phycocyanin được xác định hoạt tính chống oxy hóa bằng thuốc thử DPPH. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy hiệu suất phycocyanin cao nhất thu được sau 3 lần chiết với tỷ lệ 1 g: 100 mL là ở dung môi CaCh 1,5% 19,71 mg/g. Và khi nồng độ mnaci là 7,56 g và mwaNo là 0,6 g trong môi trường nuôi cấy thì năng suất tối ưu của phycocyanin là 19,65 mg/g. Khả năng nhặt gốc tự do của dung dịch phycocyanin là 49,77%, tương ứng với 6,15 ppm vitamin C.
Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nồng độ NaCl va NaNO; ảnh hưởng đến sự tích lũy phycocyanin trong A. platensis, và có thé được ứng dụng ngoài thực nghiệm ở những nơi có nồng độ chất dinh dưỡng được thực hiện khảo sát trong nghiên cứu. Từ khóa: Arthrospira platensis, phycocyanin, NaCl, NaNO3 CONTENTS Pa AFFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT.- - - S- 31s nh HH nh nh re ii I «<eeomeeneeeeeesmioroetekeetordkyebdsocboiptdioreipoiinhdiGgandoogdgotiogtrgitdeidi[dooggctyairdibsSsoraieinsiegiongerei 1V (O00 ii cceoccccciaccccccccoioesoeiroeEooioiirellioiEioiEodidiEooriograkssisrdri VI (Oe l- 1 lại bong thun g0 0x 61nồn: dã N6ciXGTEhGRg ii ghgiduitiiiibdGiSituitgilvdiGrkblgspildigihhogaiqeifggaojsssse Vill DANSE COE FICE I cts. ec ci lt AGS ih kt 1X eter 8 Wji ws.
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Factors affecting the growth of microalga Arthrospira platensis. 10 I SN ct nei Ct SR tn St SR A a 11 a’ |: es 11 Chapter 3. MATERIALS AND METHOIDS.-- 5-5 2-2+S22*+ +2 +zvsserrrrrrsrrrseree 14 CR LŨNTE BiRl LG: sennssurennnnnstotobtntinhggit009000S0001010300002N0TĐ008G1108002MHIGĐ. EEnpuqttch: nnÏGTÖN-sesesseasesgaptoestaptsigtieigldlsgioialoetadgeJosidieGl-s6:gcgug401404509g004010001I04G104G080108g01 14 vi 3.
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Effects of different sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations on the production of phycocyanin by A. Investigation of the antioxidant activity of the phycocyanin extraets. 20 5) sa 9 ner en ee ee 21 Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
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Levels of optimization experimental facfOFS. Optimized treatment matrIX. Phycocyanin yields (mg/g) across 13 treatments for optimization of the culture ORL LCI ONLS hoạn hang ott rst eS merccerititceaFet elreromosetecrsene sors uated oben ersten 28 Table 4. Results of the ANOVA test of the effects of two factors on the objective TROON: 1: ceseerereseenenccnenemnamneoaaw RTE Ee 30 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Crystal Structure of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira pÏafensis.
The phycocyanin yields in three extraction cycles of A. platensis fresh biomass with CaCl, phosphate buffer, and wafer. Phycocyanin yield of three investigation solvents (ratio 1 g algae: 100 mL solvent) alter threeiextractiOns':. « gà m go 86 8ã 686 GuUBgBSGBEBQE SE ĐÃ Suilà ea ER CR kh 23 Figure 4.
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Optical density chart of 13 experiments in 10 days of culture. Optimal culture conditions as proposed by Minitab 21 software. Ascorbic acid's free radical scavenging ability in DPPH test. Problem statement Among microalgae, Arthrospira platensis (also known as Spirulina platensis) stands out as one of the most promising.
This is due to its valuable biological content and its contribution to green production chains, such as wastewater farming, which can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions and create biofuels, etc., 2021), and higher sustainability, strong adaptability to different environments, high yield, synthesis of high-value biological compounds (Subudhi, S. platensis is a single- celled cyanobacterial microalgae that grows in a spiral-shaped filamentous structure and thrives at a pH range of 9 to 12. The Arthrospira family is rich in bioactive compounds, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, microelements (zinc, magnesium, manganese, selenium), pigments, and amino acids. Therefore, the microalgae Arthrospira is a good candidate for food, pharmaceuticals, biofertilizers, and pigment applications.
The main components of lipids are omega-6 family y-linolenic acid (18:3, n-6) and palmitic acid (16:0), both of which are known for their medicinal potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia blood and other disorders (Ragusa e/ ai, 2021). Among various proteins found in the A. platensis cells, the most abundant proteins, which account for approximately about 60% of dry weight, are phycobiliproteins, specifically phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin. platensis also contains high amounts of natural pigments, including 14% phycocyanin (blue), 1% chlorophyll (green), and 0.5% carotenoids (yellow, orange, or red pigments) (Jung Friedrich ef al.
C-phycocyanin (Phycocyanin from Cyanobacteria, C-PC) is a blue and water- soluble photosynthetic pigment used as a natural dye in foods, cosmetics, and medicine. In addition, there is an increasing interest in C-PC due to its potential for drug development. Phycocyanin eliminates free radicals and has outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it can effectively inhibit diseases caused by inflammation.
Microalgae can accumulate various amounts of metabolites under the nutritional stress conditions (i. rich or lack of nutrients) (Manirafasha et al. Zeng and Vonshak (1998) demonstrated that changing environmental factors such as nitrate, phosphate, salt concentration, temperature, etc., strongly affected the biomass production of A. High salt contents slowed down the photosynthetic systems I and II of Arthrospira, leading to a decrease in starch accumulation (Shipton and Barber, 1994).
Nitrates are essential for the biosynthesis of organic molecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates, which play an important role in cell growth and biomass yields. Previous studies have reported that C-phycocyanin production in A. platensis is affected by the nutrient compositions and concentrations in the media, especially nitrate, which can lead to a reduction or inhibition of C-phycocyanin biosynthesis (Manirafasha e/ al.