MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY SOLUTIONS FORSTUDENT THESIS TRANSFERING SMALL TIMBER INTO LARGE TIMBER PRODUCTION OF ACACIA HYBIRD IN QUANG BINH PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Huyen Student ID: 145 309 0588 Class: K59A - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 - 2019 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc. Pham Minh Toai Ha Noi, October/2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH IN THE WORLD .1 Research on forest structure .2 Simulation research some basic forest structure laws .3 Research on technical elements related to forest transformation .4 Research on cutiting and nurturing the forest .2 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH IN VIETNAM .1 Research on forest structure .2 Simulation research some basic forest structure laws .3 Research on technical elements related to forest transformation .4 Research on cutiting and nurturing the forest .5 Research on Acacia hybrid. GOALS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES. STUDY AREA AND METHODS .1 SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA .2 NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE STUDY AREA .2 Social and economic conditions.3 HISTORY OF ACACIA HYBRID PLANTATION .1 Semi-quantitative interview methods .2 Data collection methods for the experimental area .5 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS .1 Market analysis of wood materials .2 Study on the structure of Acacia hybrid stands.
STUDY RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .1 THE STRUCTURE OF ACACIA HYBRID STANDS .1 Age and trees density .2 Trees distribution by diameter at breast height ( ).4 Determine the main exploitation age .5 Market analysis of Acacia hybrid wood materials in Quang Binh province .6 Evaluating economic efficiency .2 DETERMINING TECHNIQUE CRITERIA FOR TRANSFERING ACACIA HYBRID PLANTATION AND BUILDING TRANSFORMATION THEORY MODELS. Identifying the methods of transformation cutting. Identifying the time to begin cutting transformation. Identifying the phase between 2 cutting times.
Identifying the cutting times .5 Identifying the intensity of cutting times. Identifying the cutting intensity based on the number of trees .7 Identifying the intensity of cutting depend on the stock ( ) .8 Identifying the trees that need to be cutting .9 Creating theory models of transformation .3 VERIFYING THE THEORY MODELS FOR TRANSFORMATION.1 The transformation of stand structure .2 The transformation of average diameter of stands .3 Comparing between transformation and comparison plot.4 PROPOSE TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFERING ACACIA HYBRID PLANTATION .1 Identification of specific factors of Acacia hybrid stands .2 Determing technical criteria of cutting.3 Designing cutting for transformation .61 List of tables Table 3.1 Age class, site class and density level in the study area.1: Statistics of standard cells based on site class, age class of Acacia hybrid in the study area .2: Results of N/ distribution on Acacia hybrid plantation stands age class III and IV .3: Results of the correlation between - on stands age level III .4: Results of of - correlation of each stands at age class III .5: Results of calculating maturity age for Acacia hybrid of age level III .6: Analysis of Acacia hybrid wood materials in the market .7: Average price of Acacia hybrid wood depend on at present ( ) .8: Economic efficiency of Acacia hybrid planted forest .9: Economic efficiency of Acacia hybrid planted forest .10: Average diamter and horizontal cross section growth of Acacia hybrid stands .11: Results of calculating average growth of the stand canopy’s diameter and determine the time for second cutting of age class III .12: Regulations on thinning techniques for growing Acacia hybrid plantations according to TCVN 11567-1: 2016.13: Time and cutting times for transfering of Acacia hybrid plantation .14: Intensity of cutting for transformation of Acacia hybrid based on the number of trees of age class III.15: Intensity of cutting for transformation of Acacia hybrid depend the stock of age class III ( .16: Transformation of average diameter of Acacia hybrid stands in transformation plots .17: Transformation of average diameter of Acacia hybrid stands in comparison plots.18: Comparing ̅ of Acacia hybrid stands between transformation and comparison plots .19: Testing homogeneity of ̅ in 2 years bet transformation and comparison plots.51 List of figures Figure 3.1: The map of transformation and comparison plots distribution .2: Diameter of timber technology .3: Horizontal cross section of stand belongs age class III .1: Results of N/ distribution at stand plot 3E and 4D .2: Results of - correlation at stand plot 3A and 3B .3: Results of - correlation at stand plot 3A and 3B.4: The chain of wood material products .5: Determining cutting trees for transformation in horizontal cross section .6: Horizontal cross section of Acacia hybrid plantation after cutting for transformation .7: Results of comparing distribution at before cutting transformation (in 2016) and after cutting transformation (2018) .8: Results of comparing distribution in 2016 and 2018 in comparison plots .9: Comparing between distribution of the stands in transformation plots and comparison plots .50 List of Abbreviations TSFE Truong Son Forest Enterprise PRA Rapid Rural Appraisal RRA Participatory Rural Appraisal MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development FD Forest Department DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development LDFI co., Ltd Long Dai Forestry-Industry one member co., Ltd SPs Sample plots FSC Forest Stewardship Council The height of trees Diameter at breast height D Diameter N/ Diameter distribution follows the number of trees The correlation between the height and diameter of the trees The correlation between the canopy and diameter of the trees ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis was completed at the Vietnam National University of Forestry follows undergraduate training programs in this course 2014-2019, natural resources management major (Advanced Education Program). This major was developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA. During the implementation and completion of the thesis, the author has received the support of the School-Board of University, Faculty of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestty and Environmental Management that precious and effective help.
The author expresses the sincere and deepest gratitude to Assoc. Pham Minh Toai is an instructor who has spent a lot of time for instructing and giving full attention and providing valuable materials that related to the thesis for helping the author complete this thesis. The author would like to thank the leaders of Long Dai Forestry-Industry one member co., Ltd, Forestry Department of Quang Binh province to created conditions for the author to study and complete the thesis. Finally, the author would like to express sincere gratitude to family members, friends, and supporters during the years of studying as well as completion of this thesis.
Sincerely, thank you! Hanoi, Octoberr , 2018 Students Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Huyen ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is study of the transformation from small timber to large timber production of Acacia hybrid plantation. This thesis clarified the stand’s structure of Acacia hybrid and built the models of transformation theories, after that verificated those theory models. Besides, evaluated economic efficiency of the transformation. From that, providing solutions to transfer Acacia hybrid plantation including: transformation criteria; transformation techniques, etc…The research will help forest owners who want to improve their timber production values as well as contributes to the wood production industry in Vietnam.
INTRODUCTION Along with the continuous growth of the Vietnamese economy in nearly 20 years of renovation. Forestry sector has many positive changes, especially in the field of forest plantation and forest product processing that had many positive changes. According to the Vietnam Administration of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2018) [14], total of the main export value for forest products in the first 7 months reached $ 5.025 billion, equivalent to nearly 56% of the year plan, accounting for 22.6% of total value of the agricultural exports. The export value of forest products in 7 months was estimated at 3.
Particularly, export value of wood and wood products reached 3. In 7 months, the main export value of forest products has kept the average growth rate over 14% with the same period in 2017. Meanwhile, the total value of wood and wood products imported reached 1.24 billion USD, only slightly increase 0.4% with the same period in 2017. The reason is that organizations and individuals have prepared material forest areas to ensure production and quality to provide the wood processing industry for export.
In particular, the use of large timber production models is important for this success. Prior to that, Tran Van Khoi (2018) [39] affirmed "The development of large timber forests not only brings high economic benefits to households but also reduces erosion, contributing to protect the ecological environment and responding to climate change". Therefore, planting of large timber forests is an indispensable trend of the forest plantation business of the forestry sector in Vietnam. Since 2008, the State has adopted policies to encourage farmers to grow large timber production forests in accordance with Decision 147/2007/QD-TTg to increase income for forestry workers, especially mountain people.
It also contributes to protecting the ecological environment (Tran Van Khoi, 2018) [39]. Up to now, after 10 years of implementation, the movement of growing large timber production has been developing widely, initially created jobs for tens of thousands of rural workers and bring income to planters. Typically for the application of this model are the provinces: Thanh Hoa, Yen Bai, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Quang Nam etc…For example, according to the Vietnam agricultural news (2017) [38], Thanh Hoa province set a target to 2020. It will established and developed stably 56,000 ha of large timber business area.
This implementation progress is very positive. Through the overall review, the province has expanded the area 2 to 40,500 hectares (39,300 hectares for newly planted and 1,200 hectares for transformated). In Quang Binh province, Pham Hong Thai, Leader of FPD (2018) [33], said: "To improve the productivity, quality and value of planted forests. Scheme on restructuring of agriculture in the forestry sector of Quang Binh that has provided many important solutions, focused on the development of large timber plantations." Therefore, it is urgent to set up a large supply of timber from plantations.
Acacia hybrid is a fast-growing species with great potential for timber supply in Quang Binh province with a total area of 14,749. Thus, if we proceed to transform these areas from the target of supplying small timber into large timber supply forests through the application of silvicultural techniques, then in a short time we will have an important supply of timbers that meets the market’s demand. However, transformation can not take place et all site class, age class but only at a given site and age class.The identification of silvicultural measures for proper transformation that has important implications for success or failure and efficiency of the transformation model. These issues in Quang Binh are currently very little researched.
From this fact, the research on "Solutions for transfering small timber into large timber production of acacia hybrid in quang binh province" is very necessary since its results provide a theoretical as well as practical basis for forest transformation in Vietnam as well as contribute to high economic efficiency, society, environment also improve livelihoods and incomes of households involved Acacia hybrid plantation in Quang Binh province's districts.1 Overview of research in the World 1.1 Research on forest structure Studies on the ecological structure of tropical rainforest were conducted by Richards P. These studies have showed the point of views, concepts and qualitative descriptions of the species composition, life forms and forest layer. They are basic research works that are very important and the system helps us to better understand the structure of forests, especially morphological and spatial structures. (1976) [2] studied the problems of the ecological basis of the rain forest business.
In which, the author has studied the factors of forest structure, silvicultural treatments applied to natural rainforest. From that the author has made abundance summaries of silvicultural treatment principles to provide basic forest for even-aged, 3 uneven-aged forests as well as improve treatment methods for rain forest. Odum EP (1971) [8] was a complete theory of ecosystem based on ecology term by A.