BÞ GIçO DþC VË ËO T¾O TR¯ÞNG ¾I HÞC C¾N TH¡ >"> HÞNG MINH HOËNG QU¾N LÝ TÞNG HþP TËI NGUYæN N¯ÞC H¯ÞNG ¾N PHçT TRIÞN NïNG NGHIÞP BÞN VþNG Þ VôNG Li ÞNG B¾NG SïNG CþU LONG LU¾N çN TI¾N S) CHUYæN NGËNH PHçT TRIÞN NïNG THïN MÌ SÞ: 92620116 NM 2023 BÞ GIçO DþC VË ËO T¾O TR¯ÞNG ¾I HÞC C¾N TH¡ >"> HÞNG MINH HOËNG MÌ SÞ NCS: P1217001 QU¾N LÝ TÞNG HþP TËI NGUYæN N¯ÞC H¯ÞNG ¾N PHçT TRIÞN NïNG NGHIÞP BÞN VþNG Þ VôNG Li ÞNG B¾NG SïNG CþU LONG LU¾N çN TI¾N S) CHUYæN NGËNH PHçT TRIÞN NïNG THïN MÌ SÞ 92620116 NG¯ÞI H¯ÞNG D¾N PGS.TS VN PH¾M NG TRê TS. NGUYÞN HÞNG TêN NM 2023 LÞI C¾M ¡N T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n ¿n ng±ßi h±ßng d¿n lˆ PGS.TS Vn Ph¿m ng Tr’ vˆ TS. Nguyßn Hßng T’n ‹ t¿n t“nh h±ßng d¿n vˆ giœp ÿ t™i trong qu‡ tr“nh thÿc hißn lu¿n ‡n nˆy. T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n ¿n Anh Huÿnh Minh ±ßng, Chi Cÿc tr±ßng Chi cÿc Thÿy lÿi tßnh ßng Th‡p ‹ hß trÿ t¿o ißu kißn thu¿n lÿi cho t™i trong qu‡ tr“nh li•n hß ßa ph±¡ng ß thu th¿p sß lißu.
B•n c¿nh —, T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n ¿n c‡c c‡n bß thußc Sß TN&MT vˆ Sß NN&PTNT, c‡n bß thußc Ph˜ng NN&PTNN c‡c huyßn cÿa tßnh ßng Th‡p, c‡n bß n™ng nghißp c‡c x‹, vˆ ng±ßi d‰n ß tißu v•ng nghi•n cÿu ‹ hß trÿ t™i trong vißc chia s¿ c‡c th™ng tin thÿc t¿ vˆ —ng g—p ý ki¿n cho lu¿n ‡n nˆy. T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n ¿n c‡c Quý Th¿y/C™, Anh/Chß vˆ c‡c b¿n sinh vi•n ß Vißn nghi•n cÿu Ph‡t trißn ßng b¿ng s™ng Cÿu Long vˆ Khoa M™i tr±ßng vˆ Tˆi nguy•n Thi•n nhi•n Tr±ßng ¿i hßc C¿n Th¡ ‹ hß trÿ vˆ giœp ÿ t™i trong qu‡ tr“nh thÿc hißn lu¿n ‡n. T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n t¿t c¿ ¿n t¿t c¿ b¿n b•, anh, chß, em, nhÿng ng±ßi ‹ hß trÿ vˆ giœp ÿ t™i trong qu‡ tr“nh thÿc hißn lu¿n ‡n. Cußi c•ng, T™i xin ch‰n thˆnh c¿m ¡n ¿n Ba, M¿ vˆ c‡c anh/chß/em trong gia “nh lu™n t¿o ißu kißn thu¿n lÿi cho t™i vß ißu kißn tˆi ch’nh vˆ tinh th¿n trong qu‡ tr“nh thÿc hißn lu¿n ‡n.
i TîM T¾T Ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t ß v•ng li ßng b¿ng s™ng Cÿu Long (BSCL) ang chßu t‡c ßng cÿa sÿ thay ßi ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t ß th±ÿng ngußn s™ng Mekong, bi¿n ßi kh’ h¿u, vˆ ho¿t ßng ph‡t trißn kinh t¿ - x‹ hßi nßi t¿i. C‡c y¿u tß tr•n bi¿n ßng theo xu h±ßng ngˆy cˆng kh— dÿ b‡o (thay ßi b¿t ßnh) vˆ ‹ g‰y ‡p lÿc cho vißc ra quy¿t ßnh trong c™ng t‡c qu¿n lý ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t ß v•ng li BSCL, ¿c bißt lˆ phÿc vÿ cho s¿n xu¿t n™ng nghißp. Hißn t¿i, vißc thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p vß qu¿n lý tˆi nguy•n n±ßc vˆ c‡c gi¿i ph‡p s¿n xu¿t n™ng nghißp ß ving li BSCL c˜n ri•ng l¿, ch±a thÿc hißn theo lß tr“nh vˆ h±ßng ¿n mÿc ti•u dˆi h¿n theo quy ho¿ch ¿t ra. Mÿc ti•u cÿa nghi•n cÿu nˆy lˆ x‰y dÿng lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p ß g—p ph¿n hß trÿ ra quy¿t ßnh vˆ n‰ng cao hißu qu¿ trong c™ng t‡c qu¿n lý tßng hÿp tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t phÿc vÿ cho ßnh h±ßng ph‡t trißn n™ng nghißp ß v•ng li BSCL ¿n nm 2030 tr±ßc sÿ thay ßi b¿t ßnh cÿa ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t vˆ BKH.
Nghi•n cÿu chßn tßnh ßng Th‡p lˆm ¿i dißn cho v•ng li BSCL vˆ chßn tißu v•ng I.1 theo ph‰n v•ng quy ho¿ch thÿy lÿi ¿n nm 2030 ß tßnh ßng Th‡p ß x‰y dÿng lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p phÿc vÿ cho ßnh h±ßng ph‡t trißn lœa ¿n nm 2030. Nghi•n cÿu ‡p dÿng c‡ch ti¿p c¿n hß trÿ ra quy¿t ßnh DAPP (Dynamic adaptive policy pathways) ±ÿc ph‡t trißn bßi nh—m chuy•n gia vß qu¿n lý ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc ß tr±ßng ¿i hßc TU Delft vˆ Utrecht, Hˆ Lan ß x‰y dÿng lß tr“nh thÿc gi¿i ph‡p cho ph‡t trißn s¿n xu¿t lœa ß tißu v•ng nghi•n cÿu ¿n 2030. Trong —, nghi•n cÿu k¿t hÿp c‡c ph±¡ng ph‡p, c‡ch ti¿p c¿n vˆ c™ng cÿ hß trÿ theo c‡c b±ßc thÿc hißn cÿa c‡ch ti¿p c¿n DAPP. Cÿ thß, nghi•n cÿu ‡p dÿng: (1) Khung lý thuy¿t sinh k¿ bßn vÿng; (2) khung ph‰n t’ch hß thßng DPSIR (Driving forces Ð Pressures Ð State Ð Impact Ð Responses); vˆ (3) c‡ch ti¿p c¿n lß tr“nh th’ch ÿng AP (Adaptive Pathways).
B•n c¿nh —, nghi•n cÿu ‡p dÿng ph±¡ng ph‡p ißu tra kh¿o s‡t thÿc t¿ (gßm: tß chÿc hßi th¿o, tham v¿n ý ki¿n chuy•n gia, th¿o lu¿n nh—m vˆ phßng v¿n n™ng d‰n) ß thu th¿p sß lißu phÿc vÿ cho ß tˆi nghi•n cÿu. K¿t qu¿ nghi•n cÿu cho th¿y, sÿ thay ßi ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t ß th±ÿng ngußn s™ng Mekong vˆo BSCL ngˆy cˆng kh— dÿ b‡o vˆ c— t‡c ßng ‡ng kß ¿n sÿ thay ßi ngußn tˆi nguy•n n±ßc m¿t vˆ ho¿t ßng s¿n xu¿t lœa ß v•ng li BSCL. Þ chißu h±ßng ng±ÿc l¿i, ho¿t ßng s¿n xu¿t lœa ß v•ng li BSCL c— ¿nh h±ßng ¿n sÿ suy gi¿m vß ch¿t l±ÿng ¿t canh t‡c vˆ ngußn n±ßc m¿t phÿc vÿ cho s¿n xu¿t n™ng nghißp. Hißn tr¿ng hß thßng CTTL c— ¿nh h±ßng t’ch cÿc ¿n ho¿t ßng s¿n xu¿t lœa vˆ sinh k¿ ng±ßi d‰n ß v•ng li BSCL nh± ¿m b¿o an toˆn trong m•a li vˆ phÿc vÿ cho ho¿t ßng s¿n xu¿t lœa.
Tuy nhi•n, v¿n c˜n tßn t¿i nhÿng h¿n ch¿ lˆ c‡c CTTL ch±a ±ÿc ¿u t± ßng bß, mßt sß c™ng tr“nh xußng c¿p (¿t bißt ß v•ng • bao lÿng) vˆ c˜n g¿p nhißu kh— khn trong vißc qu¿n lý vˆ v¿n hˆnh c‡c CTTL li•n v•ng. ii Dÿa theo c‡ch ti¿p c¿n hß trÿ ra quy¿t ßnh DAPP, nghi•n cÿu ‹ x‰y dÿng ±ÿc 2 lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p gßm (1) lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p thÿy lÿi vˆ (2) lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p n™ng nghißp phÿc vÿ cho ßnh h±ßng s¿n xu¿t lœa ß tißu v•ng nghi•n cÿu ¿n nm 2030. ‰y lˆ lß tr“nh thay ßi ßng, c‡c gi¿i ph‡p vˆ thßi gian thÿc hißn c— thß thay ßi trong qu‡ tr“nh thÿc hißn ß th’ch ÿng vßi sÿ bi¿n ßng b¿t ßnh cÿa ißu kißn thÿc t¿ ß lß tr“nh lu™n ±ÿc thÿc hißn li•n tÿc vˆ i œng h±ßng mßi mÿc ti•u ¿t ra ¿n 2030. Lß tr“nh thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p ±a ra lˆ c¡ sß khoa hßc quan trßng hß trÿ ra quy¿t ßnh cho c‡c ¡n vß qu¿n lý li•n quan ¿n l)nh vÿc tˆi nguy•n n±ßc vˆ ph‡t trißn n™ng nghißp lÿa chßn x‰y dÿng k¿ ho¿ch ‡p dÿng vˆo thÿc t¿.
B•n c¿nh —, vißc thÿc hißn gi¿i ph‡p theo lß tr“nh s¿ giœp c¿i thißn hißu qu¿ thÿc hißn c‡c gi¿i ph‡p ¡n l¿ ß tÿ — lˆm tng kh¿ nng ¿t ±ÿc k¿t qu¿ theo mÿc ti•u quy ho¿ch trong t±¡ng lai. Tÿ kh—a: qu¿n lý tßng hÿp tˆi nguy•n n±ßc, thay ßi b¿t ßnh, hß trÿ ra quy¿t ßnh, v•ng li ßng b¿ng. iii ABSTRACT The surface water resource in the floodplain of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has been affected by hydropower development in the upper Mekong River, climate change, and inner socio-economic development. The changes in these factors are increasingly unpredictable (uncertainty changes) and have pressured on decision- making on water resource management in the VMDÕs floodplains, especially water supply for agricultural production.
Currently, the implementation of solutions of the development plan on water resource management and agricultural production in the VMDÕs floodplains is still incoherent and has not been implemented following the roadmap and towards long-term purposes. The objective of the study aimed to develop the implementation solutions roadmaps to support decision-making in surface water resource management for agricultural development in the VMDÕs floodplain, adaptive to the uncertain changes of surface water resources and climate change. The study was carried out in Dong Thap province, representing the VMDÕs floodplain, in which, sub- region I.1 according to the irrigation planning zoning in Dong Thap province was selected to develop the implementation solutions roadmaps to support the agricultural development plan by 2030. The study applied the decision-making approach DAPP (Dynamic adaptive policy pathways, developed by a group of experts on water resource management at TU Delft and Utrecht University, the Netherlands, to develop the implementation solutions roadmaps for rice production development in the study area to 2030.
In which, the study combined methods, approaches and supporting tools according to the steps of the DAPP approach. Specifically, the study applied: (1) Sustainable livelihood framework; (2) System analysis framework DPSIR (Driving forces Ð Pressures Ð State Ð Impact Ð Responses); and (3) Adaptive Pathways (AP) approach. In addition, the study applied the survey method (including seminars, key person interviews, focus group discussions, and farmer interviews) to collect the study data. The study found that the change in surface water resources in the upper Mekong River into the VMD is increasingly difficult to predict and has a significant impact on the change in surface water resources and rice production in the VMDÕs floodplain.
In constrast, rice production in the VMDÕs floodplains also has affected the soil quality reduce and surface water for agricultural production. The current status of the has a positive effect on rice production and people's livelihoods in the VMDÕs floodplains, such as ensuring safety during the flood season and serving rice production. However, there are still limitations of the irrigation system such as unsynchronously invested, degradation (especially in the semi- dike area), and facing many difficulties in management and operation irrigation system inter-regional. Based on the DAPP approach, the study has created 02 implementation solutions roadmaps including the roadmaps of irrigation solutions (focus on construction iv solutions) and agriculture solutions (focus on policy and farming techniques solutions) to support rice production development plan in the study area by 2030.
These were the dynamic implementation solutions roadmaps, which the solutions and implementation times can alter in the implementation process to adapt to the uncertain changes of actual conditions to keep the implementation roadmap process stays on track of the established objectives to 2030. The implementation solutions roadmaps were an important scientific basis to support decision-making for managers related to the field of water resources and agricultural development to choose and develop an action plan. In addition, the implementation solutions roadmaps will help improve the efficiency of the implementation of individual solutions, thereby increasing the ability to achieve the good results according to the goals in the future. Keywords: Integrated water resources management, uncertainty change, decision- making, VMDÕs floodplains.
v CAM OAN K¾T QU¾ NGHIæN CþU T™i cam oan r¿ng lu¿n ‡n nˆy lˆ do b¿n th‰n nghi•n cÿu sinh thÿc hißn, kh™ng do ng±ßi kh‡c lˆm thay. C‡c tˆi lißu tham kh¿o ±ÿc nghi•n cÿu sinh xem xŽt, chßn lßc kÿ l±ÿng vˆ tr’ch d¿n ¿y ÿ. K¿t qu¿ n•u ra trong lu¿n ‡n ±ÿc hoˆn thˆnh dÿa tr•n c‡c k¿t qu¿ ho¿t ßng nghi•n cÿu vˆ th™ng qua ph¿n bißn ßc l¿p. C‡c k¿t qu¿ cÿa nghi•n cÿu nˆy ch±a ±ÿc d•ng cho b¿t cÿ lu¿n ‡n c•ng c¿p nˆo kh‡c.
C¿n Th¡ ngˆy 15 th‡ng 11 nm 2023 Nghi•n cÿu sinh HÞNG MINH HOËNG Ng±ßi h±ßng d¿n 1 Ng±ßi h±ßng d¿n 2 PGS. VN PH¾M NG TRê TS. NGUYÞN HÞNG TêN i MþC LþC CH¯¡NG 1 .2 Mÿc ti•u nghi•n cÿu .1 Mÿc ti•u ch’nh .2 Mÿc ti•u cÿ thß .