MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SCREENING, CLONING, AND OVER-EXPRESSING OF PHYC FROM Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 IN Escherichia coli BL21 Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : HO HOANG HAI Student ID : 18126226 Academic year : 2018-2022 Thu Duc City, 03/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS SCREENING, CLONING, AND OVER-EXPRESSING OF PHYC FROM Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 IN Escherichia coli BL21 Advisor Student Nguyen Quynh Anh, Ph.D Ho Hoang Hai Thu Duc City, 03/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents and family for giving birth, nurturing, loving, teaching me to be the person I am today and giving me the opportunity to meet kind people. Grateful to Parents and Family for financial support so that I can complete my study program, 1s a source of encouragement for me to be able to conquer challenges in life. I wish to thank the Board of Directors of Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, the administrators of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, and all the lecturers for providing me with the necessary resources to pursue my studies there. Thanks to the guidance and teaching of yours, I can apply it to solve problems related to the major during the thesis.
I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Quynh Anh and Dr. Trinh Thi Phi Ly, who dedicatedly guided me with a lot of knowledge, directions, corrections, support, and created favorable conditions for me during the process of making my thesis. Then, I would like to express my special thanks to the administrators of Khai Minh Viet Enzyme JSC., Ho Chi Minh City for providing financial support during the project implementation.
I would like to thank Dr. Phan Dang Thai Phuong - academic mentor of class DH18SHC for taking care of me during 4.5 years of university. In order to complete this undergraduate thesis, it 1s indispensable for the help of lecturers, colleagues, and friends, who have supported and helped me enthusiastically as well as always been by my side to encourage and remind me throughout the learning and research process. This thesis 1s like a great exercise to help me improve myself and prepare for the next phase of my career in scientific research.
Sincere thanks to all! AFFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT I declared that all results presented in this graduate thesis were conducted by myself. All the data and information are entirely accurate and unbiased. I fully accept responsibility for these commitments in front of the committee. Name: HO HOANG HAI Class: DH18SHC — Student ID: 18126226 Phone number: 0913363593 Email: 18126226@st.vn Student’s signature Ho Hoang Hai hị ABSTRACT Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) 1s abundant in seeds, roots, and stems of plants.
It serves as an anti-nutrient in the food and feed industry since phytic acid and its salt (phytate) affect the ability to absorb nutrients of humans and animals, especially monogastric animals. In addition, nutrients that are not fully absorbed will be released into the environment through the excretion of animals, especially P which will cause eutrophication, polluting the environment. Hence, the application of phytase will catalyze the sequential hydrolysis of phytic acid and phytate to less phosphorylated myo-inositol derivatives with concomitant release of inorganic phosphate. Additionally, the high activity of phytase produced from Bacillus sp., particularly at high temperatures, offers additional benefits when used.
From this issue, this study aimed to screen Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 both in terms of temperature resistance and phytate degradation capacity, cloning, and over-expressing its phytase gene. To investigate the influence of temperature on the growth of B. subtilis ATCC 11774, experiments were conducted in the temperature range from 37 to 60°C on LB medium. According to the results, bacteria at 37 and 55°C showing higher phytase activity were isolated, and the phytase encoding gene (PhyC) were cloned and over- expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 using pET102 Directional TOPO expression vector.
Sequence analysis of PhyC-37 and PhyC-55 revealed four and seven residues, respectively differ from PhyC of B. SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited a predicted molecular mass of 58 kDa. The production of two produced recombinant proteins were 52.71 U/g after 4-hour induction by 1 mM IPTG. Then, the purified PhyC-37 had a specific activity of 701.
Lastly, western blot analysis was used to confirm the presence of the His-Tag fusion protein. These results suggested B. subtilis ATCC 11774 might be considered as a heat-resistant bacteria and the two recombinant phytase enzymes were potential candidates for industrial-scale production and further applications. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, phytic acid, phytate, phytase, recombinant proteins.
1H TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOW LEDGEMEN Ti senneng tang E1164181531331163058315818538X054EELGESHG.VELSEEESEEESTISSSSEEHSESEE 1 AFFIRMATION AND COMMTITMENTT.--- S- S22 HH HH Hước 1 ABS LÍ xe ssesesessnsosesienidEagbSgSg1380850183000S63491599398E34855L3GSHI29S0SS15ĐS.S25GU30800550014004G8590588E 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS. n1 212221211182 <64K14 6680k k em k0 ha baabansiines 1V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, seo giEtiaSEL0001401996414650338000:Đ48333/-L36080040048248/09095E vi ISD OR SATB GES seerncnes "6số cố VI LIST OF FIGURES sáng ngu ngnnngĩ gu o 8g gi 8E1380813083008655110SI3835.GG595936588891550049850158500380 Vill CHAPTER 1.- --- cee 5121 121 nH TH HH TH HH re 1 LL. PfOBleli SA [6HGHE sscsscseesoiisiis 161006 630106 8035061338 3836405G855815:043806058⁄7V581138843388180:1603686 1 I9. 2 123s CORLENS cee cei ee ee ees eee re eee 2 221.
Phytie acid-and phytate na scnscsesmossnopacresmnnr wneen enseae se noe ERR EE 3 l0 5à] GITHHOTT ene 2.152» Sources of phy tesawid sassssseskasssi1A068003000291121608051538i4855.3tS1gg0GgmEgiiggusbssgỦ 4 2. Phyticacid 8 Gil ABU ER be sec ccesssseenserers serene ener veenenenexzenineneenmenennemeeeees 5 2569iiIESUSUALE ene 5 PP ion. Sources and classification of phyfaSG. ---- St St s2 HH ng rệt 6 2.223, MS PUCAOUS OF DHẾ LH SỐ wsexcccrsnessasneaemasuarsemevesesness seanneeancsareneaeumenememeeaamenecemmnansoes yi 2.
Recombinant DNA technology .eceeceeceeeceeseeseeeseeseesseeseeaeesecaeeaeenseeeeeseeseenses 10 3n lạ ISTP Oli csesssxcessssenssusnsssexeunsncesspausveenassutstaaysnassneseennyseananmsensvesenencemauseseureesanaeess 10 2. Steps of recombinant DNA technology. Recent related studies of recombinant phytase in domestic and in the world. DOmestte SETERbbisbseibnsskiiekibilisgtssax89056530,05568680u3u2 i5 34pstgjx2509u84L88y8iS:SED18S888-ggg8.
WOTIQ/SEHCðSsssssx6is561516611301304561313911486385519413484555583515855148SEG4ESLSIEXESSSIGSHESMEISEES. MATERIALS AND METHODS .ccecccceccecescesceseeseeseeseeseeseeseeeeesens 15 Salis Time and. lo Cat Of aassssisxsssest6161646350330/663606368g053800G605595⁄ERGERSESSESSGEDSESLSGS305091054008548488 15 N0 2y cong 0 TS n. Screening the effect of temperature on the growth of B.
Cloning and over-expressing of Phytase gene (/hyC). RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. PCR amplification and cloning of the PhyC genes. Over-expression of the PhyC gene ofB.3) 1, IVGTGSTIEGSSHTG Ol PVG ces snsaexe sonecnnnn ssuins srasanawaastenss ta une ncaunaubiresteastoniess suesstonaieie 19 3.
Purification of recombinant Phytase prOf€1H. Protein quantIÍICafIOTI. Evaluation of phytase aCfIVIẨY.- --- -- SnS2 nh HT HH ngư 21 3. Statistical anal ysisi.cc: sss scsemesecammsecanums mr aape nage eRe REe eer eet 22 CHAPTER 4.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The effect of temperature on the growth of B. Cloning and over-expressing of Phytase gene (PhyC}. --¿---cc<cc<cxeeeeees 27 4.
PCR amplification and cloning of PAYC o00. Dr CVELHER UC SSID OL PIL) Do nhangbstinieishgtitiriptosidgeSi20003ã323900/86003020G7280920104810280/1850EGHD-G0GD338G03808 29 4. Purification of recombinant Phytase pFOf€IT. Protein quantification and phytase activity aSSay.B als PTO FSI GUATETIICAL OM ssssssssseeedin6ilibsoRSiD8iiDGNSGGGSRGRGGISG138BBSSIASS.
Evaluation of phytase activity. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. BD SUS OSG INS ach oa cic ct caattsad dears Saeisn ds Asis Santana Skee Seclsa tase detuta eantulaese Soule domes T EEEETREINGE SssiteeaiieesitbsebibdisietoslsiElliiptdiapugSEissktalftntlansicbrloatsbalsfosluslsSlslisbiegslsie 38 APPENDIX 44 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APS: Ammonium persulfate Bp: Base pair C: Carbon cDNA: Complementary DNA CFU/mL: Colony Forming Unit H: Hydrogen IPTG: Isopropyl B-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside kDa: Kilodalton N: Nitrogen O: Oxygen OD: Optical density P: Phosphorus PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction PhyC-37: Phytase gene at 37°C PhyC-55: Phytase gene at 55°C rDNA: Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: Ribonucleic acid TBST: Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20 TEMED: Tetramethylethylenediamine vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2. Content of phytic acid in major cereals, legumes, oilseeds, and nuts.
Examples of commercial phytase on global market. Components of the PCR reacfIO. Components of colony PCR react1On. Gel composition for SDS-PAGE.
Purification scheme of recombinant phytase from PhyC-37. 34 Vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure. Structure of phytic aed scccnercemeusneumarnmnm mem mmm uaa EEE 3 Figure 2. Interaction of phytic acid with metals, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Phytase enzyme catalyzes the process of phytate hydrolysis. Schematic diagram steps of recombinant DNA technology. Schematic diagram of these experiments in this theS1S. The thermal cycle of PCR reacfIo1.
Structure of pET102 D-TOPO - PhyC plasmid. Growth curve of B. subtilis ATCC 11774 with temperatures by time. Total plate count (TPC) of B.
subtilis ATCC 11774 with temperatures by UTI ayes aenone sper easement a cup un es aatamasp om eben craze eatuaannered 24 Figure 4. Clear zone forming by B. subtilis ATCC 11774 over 4 days on PSM. Clear zone diameters over 4 days.
Electrophoresis of RNA, cDNA, and PhyC gene on 1. Construction of pET102 D-TOPO-PhyC expression VecfOr. Gel electrophoresis for positive colonies harboring construct in E. coli ITBD TU ee ee ee ee ee ee 28 Figure 4.
Gel electrophoresis of construct harboring the C. Nucleotide sequence alignment of PhyC of B. subtilis ATCC 11774, do GHI tụ, BG PIIOHSS suasnnuĩnh usesemscncers svessiciansaesemacces ures mauiccnsanns ssn unas nusiess aearastuentdeseumantaen 29 Figure 4. Amino acid sequence alignment of PhyC of B.
subtilis ATCC 11774, PU Ce3 Vy AI PAG ASS se sidspiskoacdilskgipssosi3i03808HiasLSsiEHSS45SG835SG038G3nSk438.n830l5B0E01%Sii0-gi082 0056121228 29 Figure 4. SDS-PAGE analysis of PhyC-37 and PhyC-5Š. SDS-PAGE analysis of PhyC-37 and PhyC-55 at 30°C. Confirmation of the purified recombinant PhyC-37 and PhyC-55 protein production by Western blot analysis.
Albumin standard CUTV€. KH¿POa standard CUTVG. Problem statement Phytic acid (myo-Inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, IP6) is found in large quantities of seeds, roots, and stems of plants, serving as an anti-nutrient in the food and feed industry (Zhao et al. Phytate, which is a salt form of phytic acid has been considered a nutrient since it 1s the main storage form of phosphorus (P).
Phytate and phytic acid can combine with proteins and other amino acids to form indigestible complexes. Thus, food and feed containing phytic acid and phytate are poorly absorbed by living organisms, especially monogastric animals and humans due to the lack of necessary enzymes to hydrolyze them. The amount of phytic acid and phytate that are not utilized and absorbed by animals can cause P contamination and eutrophication in the environment. According to International Poultry Production only in 2014, the number of feeds that get wasted was up to 25% due to the lack of significant endogenous enzymes allowing the animals to digest it.
Nowadays, there are three main methods to reduce phytic acid from seeds and grains to enhance the bioavailability of numerous cations and nutritional value of meals to animals including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. However, mechanical and chemical treatments can cause the loss of the main components of dietary fibers and minerals or require cutting-edge technology and a lot of time (Coban and Demirci, 2017). Biological method is an environmentally friendly approach and has the potential to overcome such limitations in which the addition of exogenous phytase to poultry and cattle diet is the most effective way to utilize phytic acid and phytate (Kumar et al. Phytase (myo-inositol hexakiphosphate phosphohydrolase) is highly specific protease that only convert phytic acid and phytate into inorganic phosphate, and free metal ions (Badoei-Dalfard et al., 2019), this facilitates better absorption by non- ruminant animals.
It can breakdown the complex form of phytic acid into simple form. Phytase can be found in distinctive sources in nature ranging from plants to animals and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeast). However, the manufacturing of phytase 1s still limited, particularly in Vietnam. Phytase is a significant biocatalyst with the potential for numerous utilizations, such as nutritional for human and animal diet, environmental, and biotechnological applications, leading to a huge demand for phytase enzymes.
Additionally, the need for thermostable enzymes has increased since they underwent high temperatures during the pelleting process. Therefore, this study focused on screening the thermostable capacity of a selected strain, cloning, and over-expressing its phytase gene towards the production of phytase enzyme in Vietnam. Objectives This study aimed to produce FE. coli BL21 capable of high-capacity synthesis of the recombinant phytase enzyme isolating from heat-resistant B.